I-backup ayisiyiyo enye yeetekhnoloji ezinesitayile ezikhwazwa ngazo zonke iintsimbi. Kufuneka ibe kuyo nayiphi na inkampani enzulu, kuphelele apho. Sigcina iiseva ezingamawaka aliqela kwibhanki yethu - lo ngumsebenzi ontsonkothileyo, onomdla, ezinye zezinto ezifihlakeleyo, kunye neengcinga ezingezizo malunga nee-backups, zifuna nje ukuxelelwa.
Ndisebenze kulo mbandela phantse iminyaka engama-20, apho iminyaka emi-2 edlulileyo ibikwiPromsvyazbank. Kwasekuqaleni kokuziqhelanisa, ndenze i-backups phantse ngesandla, kunye nemibhalo ekhuphela iifayile. Emva koko izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zavela kwiWindows: iRobocopy eluncedo yokulungiselela iifayile kunye ne-NT Backup yokukopa. Kwaye kwafika ixesha lesoftware ekhethekileyo, ngokuyintloko iVeritas Backup Exec, ngoku ebizwa ngokuba yiSymantec Backup Exec. Ke kudala ndiqhelene nee-backups.
Ngamagama alula, i-backup igcina ikopi yedatha (i-virtual machines, applications, databases kunye neefayile) nje ukuba kukho rhoqo. Imeko nganye idla ngokuzibonakalisa njenge-hardware okanye ukungaphumeleli okusengqiqweni kwaye kubangele ukulahleka kwedatha. Injongo yesistim yogcino kukunciphisa ilahleko yolwazi. Ukusilela kwehardware, umzekelo, ukusilela komncedisi okanye ugcino apho isiseko sedatha sikhoyo. Ingqiqo - oku kukulahlekelwa okanye ukuguqulwa kwenxalenye yedatha, kubandakanywa ngenxa yento yomntu: bacima ngengozi itafile, ifayile, baqalise iskripthi esigwenxa sokwenza. Kukho neemfuneko zokulawula ukugcina uhlobo oluthile lolwazi ixesha elide, umzekelo, ukuya kwiminyaka emininzi.
Olona setyenziso luqhelekileyo lwee-backups kukubuyisela ikopi egciniweyo yogcino-lwazi ukwenzela ukusasazwa kweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo, iiclones zabaphuhlisi.
Kukho iintsomi ezimbalwa eziqhelekileyo malunga ne-backup ekufuneka ichithwe kwakudala. Nazi ezona zidumileyo kuzo.
Intsomi 1. I-backup sele ide ibe ngumsebenzi omncinci ngaphakathi kokhuseleko okanye iinkqubo zokugcina
Iinkqubo zogcino ziseludidi olwahlukileyo lwezisombululo, kwaye zizimele kakhulu. Banomsebenzi omninzi kakhulu ekufuneka bewenzile. Enyanisweni, zingumgca wokugqibela wokukhusela xa kuziwa kwingqibelelo yedatha. Ke i-backup isebenza ngesantya sayo, kwishedyuli yayo. Ingxelo yemihla ngemihla yenzelwe abancedisi, kukho iziganeko ezenza njengezinto ezibangela inkqubo yokubeka iliso.
Ngaphezu koko, umzekelo wokufikelela kwinkqubo yogcino ikuvumela ukuba unikezele inxalenye yegunya kubalawuli beenkqubo ekujoliswe kuzo ukulawula ii-backups.
Intsomi 2. Xa kukho i-RAID, i-backup ayisafuneki.
Ngokungathandabuzekiyo, i-RAID i-arrays kunye nokuphindaphinda kwedatha yindlela efanelekileyo yokukhusela iinkqubo zolwazi kwiintsilelo ze-hardware, kwaye ukuba unomncedisi wokulinda, unokucwangcisa ngokukhawuleza ukutshintshela kuyo xa umatshini oyintloko usilela.
Ukususela kwiimpazamo ezinengqiqo ezenziwe ngabasebenzisi benkqubo, ukuphindaphinda kunye nokuphindaphinda akugcini. Nantsi iseva yokulinda yokubhala-umva-ewe, inganceda ukuba impazamo ichongiwe phambi kokuba ingqanyaniswe. Kwaye ukuba umzuzu ulahlekile? Kuphela i-backup ngexesha elifanelekileyo iya kunceda apha. Ukuba uyazi ukuba idatha itshintshile izolo, unokubuyisela inkqubo kwimini engaphambi kwezolo kwaye ukhuphe idatha efunekayo kuyo. Ukunika inyani yokuba iimpazamo ezinengqondo zezona zixhaphakileyo, i-backup endala ihlala isisixhobo esiqinisekisiweyo nesiyimfuneko.
Intsomi 3. I-backup yinto eyenziwa kanye ngenyanga.
Ugcino rhoqo luseto oluqwalaselweyo oluxhomekeke ikakhulu kwiimfuno zenkqubo yakho yogcino. Kunokwenzeka ukuba ufumane idatha ephantse ingaze itshintshe kwaye ayibalulekanga ngokukodwa, ilahleko yabo ayiyi kuba yinto ebalulekileyo kwinkampani.
Ngokwenene, zinokuxhaswa kanye ngenyanga kwaye nangaphantsi rhoqo. Kodwa idatha ebaluleke ngakumbi igcinwa rhoqo, ngokuxhomekeke kwisalathisi se-RPO (indawo yokubuyisela i-objrective), ebeka ilahleko yedatha evumelekileyo. Oku kunokuba kanye ngeveki, kube kanye ngosuku, okanye izihlandlo eziliqela ngeyure. Sinazo ezi logs zentengiselwano ezivela kwi-DBMS.
Xa iisistim zifakwa kumsebenzi worhwebo, amaxwebhu agciniweyo kufuneka avunywe, abonisa amanqaku aphambili, inkqubo yohlaziyo, inkqubo yokubuyisela inkqubo, inkqubo yokugcina ii-backups, nokunye okunjalo.
Intsomi 4. Umthamo weekopi uhlala ukhula kwaye uthatha nasiphi na indawo eyabelwe ngokupheleleyo.
Ii-backups zinexesha eliqingqiweyo lokuzigcina. Akukho ngqiqweni, umzekelo, ukugcina zonke ii-backups zemihla ngemihla ezingama-365 ngexesha lonyaka. Njengomthetho, kuyamkeleka ukugcina iikopi zemihla ngemihla kwiiveki ezi-2, emva koko zitshintshwe ngamatsha, kwaye inguqulo eyenziwe okokuqala ngenyanga ihlala kwindawo yokugcina ixesha elide. Yona, nayo, igcinwa ixesha elithile - ikopi nganye inobomi bonke.
Kukho ukhuseleko lwelahleko yedatha. Umgaqo uyasebenza: phambi kokuba i-backup isuswe, elandelayo kufuneka yenziwe. Ngoko ke, idatha ayiyi kususwa ukuba i-backup ayigqitywanga, umzekelo, ngenxa yokungafumaneki komncedisi. Akunjalo kuphela izakhelo zexesha ezihlonitshwayo, kodwa inani leekopi kwisethi likwalawulwa. Ukuba inkqubo yenzelwe ukuba ibe nee-backups ezimbini ezipheleleyo, kuya kuhlala kukho ezimbini zazo, kwaye endala iya kususwa kuphela xa enye yesithathu ibhalwa ngempumelelo. Ngoko ukukhula komthamo othathwe yi-archive yokugcina ihambelana kuphela nokukhula kwedatha ekhuselweyo kwaye ayixhomekeke kwixesha.
Intsomi 5. Ugcino lwaqala - yonke into ijinga
Kungcono ukuthetha oku: ukuba yonke into ixhonywe, ke izandla zomlawuli azikhuli ukusuka apho. Ngokubanzi, ukusebenza kwe-backup kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Umzekelo, kwisantya senkqubo yogcino ngokwalo: ukukhawuleza kangakanani ukugcinwa kwediski, iilayibrari zetape. Ukusuka kwisantya seeseva zenkqubo yogcino: nokuba banalo ixesha lokucubungula idatha, ukwenza ucinezelo kunye nokuphindaphinda. Kwaye nakwisantya semigca yonxibelelwano phakathi komthengi kunye nomncedisi.
Ugcino lunokuya kumlambo omnye okanye ngaphezulu, kuxhomekeke ekubeni isixokelelwano sigcinwa sixhaswa yi-multithreading. Ngokomzekelo, i-Oracle DBMS ikuvumela ukuba unike iintambo ezininzi, ngokwenani labaqhubekisi abakhoyo, de kube izinga lokudluliselwa libetha umda womnatha womnatha.
Ukuba uzama ukuxhasa inani elikhulu lemisonto, ngoko kukho ithuba lokulayisha ngaphezulu inkqubo esebenzayo, iya kuqala ukucotha. Ke ngoko, elona nani lifanelekileyo leentambo likhethwa ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okwaneleyo. Ukuba nokuba ukuncipha kancinci ekusebenzeni kubalulekile, ke kukho inketho ebalaseleyo xa ukugcinwa kogcino kuqhutywa hayi kwiseva yokulwa, kodwa kwi-clone yayo - i-standby kwi-database yesigama. Le nkqubo ayiqalisi eyona nkqubo isebenzayo. Idatha inokufunyanwa ngokusebenzisa imijelo emininzi, ekubeni umncedisi akasetyenziselwa ukugcinwa.
Kwimibutho emikhulu, inethiwekhi eyahlukileyo yenzelwe inkqubo yogcino ukwenzela ukuba i-backup ingachaphazeli imveliso. Ukongeza, itrafikhi ayinako ukuhanjiswa ngenethiwekhi, kodwa ngeSAN.
Sizama ukusasaza umthwalo ekuhambeni kwexesha ngokunjalo. Ugcino lwenziwa ikakhulu ngeeyure ezingezizo ezokusebenza: ebusuku, ngeempelaveki. Kananjalo, azibaleki zonke ngaxeshanye. Iikopi zoomatshini benyani yimeko ekhethekileyo. Inkqubo ayinayo impembelelo ekusebenzeni komatshini ngokwawo, ngoko i-backup inokusasazwa emini, kwaye ungayihlehlisi yonke into ebusuku. Kukho ubuqili obuninzi, ukuba uthatha yonke into ingqalelo, i-backup ayiyi kuchaphazela ukusebenza kweenkqubo.
Intsomi 6. Kwasungulwa inkqubo yogcino - oko ukunyamezelana impazamo kuwe
Ungalokothi ukhohlwe ukuba inkqubo yokugcina i-backup yindlela yokugqibela yokukhusela, oku kuthetha ukuba kufuneka kubekho iinkqubo ezintlanu ezingaphezulu phambi kwayo eziqinisekisa ukuqhubeka, ukufumaneka okuphezulu kunye nokunyamezela kweentlekele kwiziseko ze-IT kunye neenkqubo zolwazi lwezoshishino.
Ngethemba lokuba i-backup iya kubuyisela yonke idatha kwaye iphakamise ngokukhawuleza inkonzo ewileyo ayifanelekanga. Ilahleko yedatha ukusuka kumzuzu wogcino ukuya kumzuzu wokusilela kuqinisekisiwe, kwaye idatha inokulayishwa kwiseva entsha kangangeeyure ezininzi (okanye iintsuku, njengoko unethamsanqa). Ke ngoko, kunengqiqo ukwenza iinkqubo ezigcwele ngokupheleleyo zokunyamezela iimpazamo ngaphandle kokutshintsha yonke into ibe yi-backup.
Intsomi 7. Ndimise i-backup kanye, ndajonga ukuba iyasebenza. Kuhlala kuphela ukujonga izigodo
Le yenye yeentsomi eziyingozi kakhulu, inkohliso oyibonayo kuphela ngexesha lesehlo. Iilogi eziphumeleleyo ayisosiqinisekiso sokuba yonke into ihambe ngendlela ebekufanele ngayo. Kubalulekile ukujonga ikopi egciniweyo yokuhanjiswa kwangaphambili. Oko kukuthi, qalisa inkqubo yokubuyisela kwimeko yokuvavanya kwaye ujonge umphumo.
Kwaye kancinci malunga nomsebenzi womlawuli wenkqubo
Kwimo yesandla, akukho mntu ukhuphe idatha ixesha elide. Ii-SRK zanamhlanje zinokuxhasa phantse yonke into, kufuneka nje uyimise ngokufanelekileyo. Ukuba umncedisi omtsha wongeziwe, cwangcisa imigaqo-nkqubo: khetha umxholo oza kugcinwa, khankanya iinketho zokugcina, kwaye usebenzise ishedyuli.
Kwangaxeshanye, kusekho umsebenzi omninzi ngenxa yobuninzi beeseva, kuquka oovimba beenkcukacha, iisistim zeposi, amaqela oomatshini abonakalayo, kunye nezabelo zeefayile zombini kwiWindows kunye neLinux / Unix. Abasebenzi abagcina inkqubo yogcino isebenza abahlali bangenzi nto.
Ngembeko yeholide, ndingathanda ukunqwenela zonke ii-admins imithambo-luvo eyomeleleyo, ukucaca kweentshukumo kunye nesithuba esingenasiphelo sokugcina ii-backups!
umthombo: www.habr.com