Uninzi lweekhompyuter ezinkulu ziqhuba iLinux - masixoxe ngale meko

Ukusukela ngo-2018, amakhulu amahlanu ezona nkqubo zisebenza kakhulu kwihlabathi zisebenza kwiLinux. Sixoxa ngezizathu zemeko yangoku kwaye sinikezela ngezimvo zeengcali.

--Ото - I-Rawpixel —PD

Imeko yentengiso

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iLinux iphulukene nezinye iindlela zokusebenza kumlo wentengiso yePC. Ngu inikiwe I-Statista, i-Linux ifakwe kuphela kwi-1,65% yeekhompyuter, ngelixa i-77% yabasebenzisi isebenza nge-OS ye-Microsoft.

Izinto zingcono kwilifu nakwindawo ze-IaaS, nangona iWindows ihlala iyinkokeli apha. Umzekelo, le OS isebenzisa I-45% yabathengi be-1cloud.ru, ngelixa i-44% ikhetha ukuhanjiswa kwe-Linux.

Kodwa ukuba sithetha ngekhompyuter ephezulu yokusebenza, iLinux yinkokeli ecacileyo. Ngokutsho kwakutshanje ingxelo I-portal Top500 yiprojekthi ebeka eyona nto inamandla yofakelo lwekhompyuter emhlabeni - iikhompyutha ezinkulu ukusuka phezulu 500 uluhlu zakhiwe Linux.

Kumatshini weNgqungquthela (inombolo enye kuluhlu ngexesha lokubhala), owayilwa yi-IBM, I-Red Hat Enterprise ifakiwe. Inkqubo efanayo iyalawula i-supercomputer yesibini enamandla kakhulu yiSierra, kunye nofakelo lwaseTshayina iTaihuLight u sebenza kwiSunway Phakamisa i-OS esekwe kwiLinux.

Izizathu zokuxhaphaka kweLinux

Imveliso. I-Linux kernel i-monolithic kwaye iivenkile Iqulethe onke amacandelo ayimfuneko - abaqhubi, umcwangcisi wemisebenzi, inkqubo yefayile. Ngexesha elifanayo, iinkonzo ze-kernel zenziwa kwindawo yedilesi ye-kernel, ephucula ukusebenza ngokubanzi. I-Linux nayo ineemfuno zehardware jikelele. Unikezelo oluthile ziyasebenza kwizixhobo ezinememori eyi-128 MB. Inyani yokuba oomatshini beLinux banemveliso ngakumbi kuneWindows kwiminyaka embalwa eyadlulayo yaziwa nokuba omnye wabaphuhlisi beMicrosoft. Phakathi kwezizathu, wabalaselisa uhlaziyo olongezelelekileyo olujolise ekwandiseni isiseko sekhowudi.

Ukuvuleka. Ii-Supercomputers ngeminyaka yee-70 kunye no-80 ubukhulu becala zakhiwa kurhwebo olusekwe kwi-UNIX, njenge. UNICOS ukusuka eCray. Iiyunivesithi kunye neelebhu zophando zanyanzeliswa ukuba zihlawule iimali ezinkulu kubabhali be-OS, ezichaphazela kakubi iindleko zokugqibela zeekhompyuter ezisebenza kakhulu - zafikelela kwizigidi zeedola. Ukuvela kwenkqubo evulekileyo yokusebenza kunciphise kakhulu iindleko zesoftware. Ngo-1998 yaboniswa ikhompyuter yokuqala esekwe kwiLinux - Iqela leAvalon. Yadityaniswa kwiLebhu yeSizwe yaseLos Alamos e-USA kuphela i-152 lamawaka eedola.

Umatshini waba nokusebenza kwe-19,3 gigaflops kwaye wathatha indawo ye-314 kwindawo ephezulu yehlabathi. Ekuqaleni, oku kuyimpumelelo encinci, kodwa umlinganiselo wexabiso / wokusebenza utsale abaphuhlisi be-supercomputer. Kwiminyaka nje emibini, iLinux ikwazile ukubamba i-10% yemarike.

Ukwenza ngokwezifiso. I-supercomputer nganye inesiseko se-IT esisodwa. Ukuvuleka kweLinux kunika iinjineli ukuguquguquka ezikufunayo ukwenza utshintsho kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza. Umlawuli u-Eddie Epstein, oncedise ukuyila i-Watson supercomputer, kubizwa Ukufikeleleka kunye nokulula okuzalanayo kulawulo zezona zizathu zokukhetha iSUSE Linux.

Iikhompyuter ezinkulu zexesha elizayo

Inkqubo yecomputing ye-IBM ye-148-petaflop Summit sele ikhona iminyaka emininzi ngoku. iyabamba indawo yokuqala kwi-Top500. Kodwa ngo-2021, imeko inokutshintsha - ii-supercomputers ezininzi ze-exascale ziya kungena kwimarike kwangoko.

--Ото - I-OLCF e-ORNL — CC BY

Enye yazo iphuhliswa liSebe lezaMandla lase-US (DOE) likunye neengcaphephe zaseCray. Amandla ayo iyakuthumela ukuhlola indawo kunye nemiphumo yokufudumala kwehlabathi, ukukhangela amachiza okunyanga umhlaza kunye izixhobo ezintsha kwiipaneli zelanga. Sele isaziwa ukuba i-supercomputer iya kulawulwa I-Cray Linux Environment OS-Isekelwe kwi-SUSE Linux Enterprise.

I-China iya kuzisa umatshini wayo osebenza kakhulu. Iya kubizwa ngokuba yi-Tianhe-3 kwaye iya kusetyenziswa kubunjineli bemfuza kunye nophuhliso lweziyobisi. I-supercomputer kuya kufuneka ifake i-Kylin Linux, esele isetyenziselwa i-predecessor yayo - I-Tianhe-2.

Ngaloo ndlela, sinokulindela ukuba i-status quo iya kuqhubeka kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo, kwaye i-Linux iya kuqhubeka iqinisa ubunkokeli bayo kwi-niche yee-supercomputers ezinamandla kakhulu.

Thina kwa-1cloud sibonelela ngenkonzo "Ilifu labucala". Ngoncedo lwayo, unokuhambisa ngokukhawuleza isiseko se-IT kwiiprojekthi zaluphi na ubunzima.
Ilifu lethu eyakhelwe phezu kwentsimbi Cisco, Dell, NetApp. Izixhobo zifumaneka kumaziko amaninzi edatha: iMoscow DataSpace, iSt. Petersburg SDN / Xelent kunye neAlmaty Ahost.

umthombo: www.habr.com