1.1. Intshayelelo
Ukuthetha malunga nokuphuhliswa kwe-IT kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, umntu akanako ukusilela ukuqaphela isabelo sezisombululo ze-Cloud phakathi kwabanye. Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi izisombululo zefu, iteknoloji, njl.
I-computing yamafu (okanye iinkonzo zefu) yisethi ekhethekileyo yezixhobo kunye neendlela zokulungiselela, ukugcinwa kunye nokulungiswa kwedatha kwizibonelelo zekhompyutheni ezikude, ezibandakanya amaseva, iinkqubo zokugcina idatha (DSS), iinkqubo zokudlulisa idatha (DTS).
Xa uvelisa imveliso ye-IT, ingaba yiwebhusayithi yekhadi leshishini, ivenkile ye-intanethi, i-portal ephezulu okanye inkqubo yedatha yedatha, kukho ubuncinane iinketho ezimbini zokubeka imveliso yakho.
Kwindawo yomthengi (eng.-kwindawo) okanye efini. Ngelo xesha, akunakwenzeka ukuthetha ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba yeyiphi inzuzo ngakumbi ngokwemali kwimeko eqhelekileyo.
Ukuba usebenzisa umncedisi apho unesiseko esincinci esisebenzayo esingadingi ukunyamezela iphutha kunye newebhusayithi elula ngaphandle komthwalo omkhulu - ewe, ukusingathwa okusekelwe kumhlaba kuyindlela yakho. Kodwa ngokukhawuleza ukuba umsebenzi wakho kunye neemfuno zinyuka, kufuneka ucinge ngokufudukela efini.
1.2. Amafu phakathi kwethu
Ngaphambi kokuxubusha ngokuthe ngqo indlela amafu anikezelwa ngayo, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba ibali malunga namafu alikho malunga nezikhulu ezinkulu zecandelo le-IT kunye neenkonzo zabo zangaphakathi Sisebenzisa i-computing yamafu yonke imihla.
Namhlanje, ngo-2019, kunzima ukufumana umntu ongasebenzisi i-Instagram, i-imeyile, iimephu kunye nokuxinana kweetrafikhi kwifowuni yakhe. Ingaba yonke le nto igcinwe kwaye iqhutywe phi? Kunene!
Nokuba wena, njengengcali ye-IT kwinkampani enenethiwekhi encinci yesebe (ukucacisa), faka iinkqubo zokugcina kwiziseko zophuhliso, ngoko kungakhathaliseki ukuba unika njani ukufikelela kwi-resource, ingaba yi-web interface, i-ftp okanye i-samba. , oku kubasebenzisi bakho ivault iya kuba lilifu elibekwe... kwenye indawo apho. Sinokuthini malunga nezinto eziqhelekileyo esizisebenzisa ezandleni zethu amaxesha alishumi elinesibini yonke imihla.
2.1. Iindidi ze-Cloud Capacity Deployment
Kulungile, ilifu. Kodwa akukho lula ngolo hlobo. Sonke siza emsebenzini - abathengisi, iingcali ze-IT, abaphathi. Kodwa lo ngumbono obanzi, ngamnye unenjongo kunye nokuhlelwa okuthile. Kuyafana apha. Ngokubanzi, iinkonzo zefu zinokuhlulwa zibe ziintlobo ezi-4.
1.Ilifu loluntu liqonga elivuleleke esidlangalaleni kubo bonke abasebenzisi simahla okanye ngomrhumo ohlawulweyo. Amaxesha amaninzi ilawulwa ngumntu othile okanye iziko elisemthethweni. Umzekelo yi-portal-aggregator yamanqaku olwazi lwenzululwazi.
2. Ilifu labucala - into echasene ngqo nenqaku 1. Eli liqonga elivaliweyo kuluntu, lihlala lijoliswe kwinkampani enye (okanye inkampani kunye nemibutho yamaqabane). Ufikelelo lunikezelwa kuphela kubasebenzisi ngumlawuli wenkqubo. Ezi zinokuba ziinkonzo zangaphakathi, umzekelo inethiwekhi ye-intranet, inkqubo ye-SD (idesksi yenkonzo), i-CRM, njl. Ngokuqhelekileyo, abanikazi bamafu okanye amacandelo bathatha umba wokhuseleko lolwazi kunye nokukhuselwa kweshishini njengento ebaluleke kakhulu, ekubeni ulwazi malunga nokuthengisa, abathengi, izicwangciso ezicwangcisiweyo zeenkampani, njl. zigcinwe kumafu abucala.
3. Ilifu loluntu sinokuthi eli lifu labucala elisasazwa phakathi kweenkampani ezininzi ezinemisebenzi efanayo okanye umdla. Ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa xa kuyimfuneko ukunika amalungelo okusebenzisa isibonelelo sesicelo kubantu abaninzi, amasebe avela kwiinkampani ezahlukeneyo.
4. Ilifu leHybrid Olu luhlobo lweziseko ezingundoqo ezidibanisa ubuncinane ezimbini iintlobo zokusasazwa. Owona mzekelo uqhelekileyo kukukala iziko ledatha yomxhasi usebenzisa ilifu. Oku kwenziwa ukwenzela ukugcina imali, ukuba akunakwenzeka ukufudukela efini 100%, okanye ngenxa yezizathu zokhuseleko kunye nokuthotyelwa.
2.2. Iintlobo zenkonzo
Super, iintlobo zokusasazwa zahluke kakhulu, kodwa kufuneka kubekho into ebadibanisayo? Ewe, ezi ziintlobo zeenkonzo, ziyafana kuzo zonke iintlobo zamafu. Makhe sijonge ezi-3 eziqhelekileyo.
IaaS (iziseko zophuhliso njengenkonzo) - iziseko zophuhliso njengenkonzo. Ngolu khetho, unikezelwa ngamaseva ngendlela yoomatshini bee-virtual (VMs), iidiski, izixhobo zenethiwekhi, apho unokuhambisa khona i-OS kunye nokusingqongileyo okufunayo, ukufaka iinkonzo, njl. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba ngoku ndiphuhlisa ngokusebenzayo kwilifu elivela kwiYandex, ndaqala ukuqhelana ne-GCP (iPlatifomu yeLifu yeGoogle), ngoko ke ndiya kunika imizekelo ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yayo, kwaye ngokubanzi ndiya kuthetha ngababoneleli emva kancinci. Ngoko, umzekelo wesisombululo se-IaaS kwi-GCP iya kuba yi-Compute Engine element. Ezo. Le yi-BM eqhelekileyo eqhelekileyo ozikhethela yona inkqubo yokusebenza, qwalasela isoftware ngokwakho kwaye usebenzise usetyenziso. Makhe sijonge umzekelo. Ungumdwelisi we-python kwaye ufuna ukwenza iwebhusayithi ene-backend efini, ucinga kuphela inketho ye-IaaS. Kuya kufuneka uthathe i-VM enye apho isiza siya kusebenza khona, kule nto kufuneka uyifake (kwi-gcp ikhethiwe kwinqanaba lokudala umzekelo) i-OS, hlaziya umphathi wompakisho (kutheni kungenjalo), faka inguqulelo efunekayo python, nginx, etc... KwiiVM ezintathu zenza iqoqo ledatha ye-faillover (nangesandla). Ukubonelela ngokugawulwa kwemithi, njl. Ixabiso eliphantsi kwaye lide, kodwa ukuba ufuna ukuguquguquka okuphezulu, olu lukhetho lwakho.
Okulandelayo kukufutshane nokulula kunye neendleko eziphezulu I-PaaS (iqonga njengenkonzo). Apha kwakhona ufumana i-VM, ngokuqinisekileyo, kodwa ngaphandle kokukwazi ukutshintsha ulungelelwaniso ngokuguquguqukayo, awukhethi i-OS, isethi yesofthiwe, njl., Ufumana indawo esele yenziwe kwimveliso yakho. Masibuyele kumzekelo ofanayo. Uthenga iimeko ezimbini ze-Injini ye-App kwi-GCP, enye yazo iya kuba yinxalenye yesiseko sedatha, okwesibini kuya kuba yinxalenye yomncedisi wewebhu. Awudingi ukuqwalasela naziphi na iinkqubo zenkxaso ungaqhuba imeko yemveliso kanye ngaphandle kwebhokisi. Ibiza ngaphezulu, kufuneka uvume, umsebenzi kufuneka uhlawulwe, kwaye yonke iScript ikusebenzele. Kodwa ufumana iqonga elenziwe lilungele umsebenzi.
Olwesithathu kwezona zikhetho ziphambili, zimi ngaphezu kwazo zonke ezinye - I-SaaS (iSoftware njengeNkonzo). Awuyilungisi kakuhle iVM, awuyiqwalaseli kwaphela. Awudingi ukuba yingcali ye-IT, awudingi ukuba ubhale ikhowudi, awudingi ukwenza i-backend. Ngaba yonke into ilungile. Ezi zizisombululo esele zenziwe, ezisetyenzisiweyo, ezifana ne-GSuite (eyayisakuba yi-Google Apps), i-DropBox, i-Ofisi 365.
3.1. Yintoni phantsi kwe-hood?
Uyifumene entlokweni yakho? Kulungile, masiqhubele phambili. Sithenge i-VM, sisebenze nayo, siyitshabalalise kwaye sithenge i-10 ngaphezulu. Xa ungenisa ugcino kwiziseko ezingundoqo zeshishini lakho, mhlawumbi ulufakile kwindawo yokubeka kwigumbi leseva. Ke, ababoneleli betekhnoloji yelifu bakunika inxalenye yegumbi labo leseva ukuba lirente, kuphela ubukhulu obukhulu. Into ebizwa ngokuba yi-DPC (iziko lokucubungula idatha). Ezi zizakhiwo ezinkulu ezibekwe phantse kuyo yonke iplanethi. Ulwakhiwo luqhele ukwenziwa kufutshane nezo ndawo ezinokuba ngumthombo wokupholisa kwendalo ubuncinci benxalenye yonyaka, kodwa abanye abameli banokwakhiwa kwintlango yaseNevada. Ukongeza kwinto yokuba umboneleli ubeka amakhulu aliqela eerakhi kwi-hangar enkulu, ukwanexhala malunga nokuhanjiswa kobushushu (ngaba basazi ukuba iikhompyuter azikwazi ukukhenkceka kwaye zifudumale?), malunga nokhuseleko lwedatha yakho, ngokuyintloko kumzimba. kwinqanaba, ngoko ke akunakwenzeka ukuba ungene kwiziko ledatha ngokungekho mthethweni liya kusebenza? Ngexesha elifanayo, iindlela zokugcina idatha kwiziko ledatha ziyahluka phakathi kwababoneleli abahlukeneyo;
3.2. Amafu ngoku kunye nokubuyela umva. Ababoneleli
Ngokubanzi, ukuba umba kwimbali, iimfuno zokuqala zokudala iiplatifomu zamafu zanamhlanje zibuyele phakathi kwe-70 yekhulu lokugqibela, ngexesha lokuphuhliswa kunye nokuphunyezwa kweprototype ye-Intanethi ye-ARPANET. Emva koko intetho yayiyeyokuba ngenye imini abantu baya kukwazi ukufumana zonke iinkonzo ezinokwenzeka ngenethiwekhi. Njengoko ixesha lihamba, iziteshi zaba zizinzile kwaye zibanzi okanye zingaphantsi, kwaye kwi-1999 inkqubo yokuqala ye-CRM yorhwebo yavela, enikezelwa ngokukodwa ngokubhaliselwa kwaye yi-SaaS yokuqala, iikopi zazo zigcinwe kwiziko elilodwa ledatha. Kamva, inkampani yabela amacandelo amaninzi anikezela nge-PaaS ngokubhaliselwa, kubandakanywa necala elikhethekileyo le-BDaaS (isiseko sedatha njengenkonzo kwi-2002, i-Amazon ikhuphe inkonzo evumela ukuba ugcine kwaye usebenze ulwazi, kwaye kwi-2008 ibonise inkonzo kwi-XNUMX). apho umsebenzisi unokudala oomatshini babo benyani, le yindlela eliqala ngayo ixesha lobuchwephesha bamafu amakhulu.
Ngoku kuqhelekile ukuthetha ngezintathu ezinkulu (nangona ndibona ezine ezinkulu kwisiqingatha sonyaka): Iinkonzo zewebhu ze-Amazon, iMicrosoft Azure, i-Google Cloud Platform ... Yandex Cloud. Kuhle kakhulu kukugqibela, kuba xa abantu basekhaya bekhawuleza begqabhuka kwinqanaba lehlabathi, ikratshi elikhethekileyo lihamba ngesikhumba.
Kukho neenkampani ezininzi, umzekelo, i-Oracle okanye i-Alibaba, enamafu abo, kodwa ngenxa yeemeko ezithile azithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabasebenzisi. Kwaye ke, abafana ababambeleyo, abakwangababoneleli ababonelela ngePaaS okanye izisombululo ze-SaaS.
3.3. Amaxabiso kunye neZibonelelo
Andiyi kuhlala kakhulu kumgaqo-nkqubo wamaxabiso wababoneleli, kuba kungenjalo kuya kuba yintengiso evulekileyo. Ndingathanda ukuqaphela into yokuba zonke iinkampani ezinkulu zibonelela ngezibonelelo ukusuka kwi-200 yeedola ukuya kwi-700 yeedola zonyaka okanye amaxesha amafutshane ukuze wena, njengabasebenzisi, ube namava amandla ezisombululo zabo kwaye uqonde ukuba yintoni kanye kanye oyifunayo.
Kwakhona, zonke iinkampani ezivela kwiintathu ezinkulu ... okanye ezine malunga ... zinika ithuba lokujoyina amanqanaba amaqabane, ukuqhuba iisemina kunye noqeqesho, ukubonelela ngesatifikethi kunye neenzuzo kwiimveliso zabo.
umthombo: www.habr.com