Ubuchwephesha be-5G buya kwenza ukuba kube lula ukuqokelela idatha ye-telemetry ngokufanelekileyo kwaye uvule imisebenzi emitsha ngokupheleleyo yezithuthi ezinokuphucula ukhuseleko ezindleleni kunye nokuphuhlisa intsimi yezithuthi ezingenabantu. Iinkqubo ze-V2X (inkqubo yokutshintshiselana kwedatha phakathi kwezithuthi, izinto zeziseko zendlela kunye nabanye abasebenzisi bendlela) zinamandla okuba unxibelelwano lwe-5G NR luya kusetyenziswa ukuvula. Oku kuya kwandisa kakhulu izinga lokhuseleko kubaqhubi, abakhweli nabahambi ngeenyawo, kunciphise ukusetyenziswa kwamafutha kunye nexesha lokuhamba.
Ngo-Matshi walo nyaka, umbutho we-3GPP, olungelelanisa amanethiwekhi e-5G, wavuma ukuqaliswa kwenkcazo yokuqala ye-C-V5X kunye nenkxaso ye-16G NR kwinguqu elandelayo ye-2G NR standard standard (Release 5). Sikholelwa ukuba le nguqulo iya kwamkelwa kwisiqingatha sokuqala sika-2020. Ukudibanisa le teknoloji kunye nenkxaso ye-EMBB (i-ultra mobile broadband), iinkcukacha ezivunyiweyo kwi-3GPP Release 15, iya kuba yinyathelo lokuqala ekusebenziseni i-5G NR ukudala iimoto ezihlakaniphile ezisekelwe kwi-Qualcomm Snapdragon Automotive Platform.
Asilindanga ukukhutshwa kwehlabathi jikelele kweenethiwekhi ze-5G ukwenzela ukuba unxibelelwano oluthe ngqo kwisithuthi ukuya kwisithuthi sisebenzisa itekhnoloji yeselula. Emuva kwi-3GPP Release 14, i-V2X iteknoloji yachazwa evumela iimoto ukuba zitshintshe ulwazi olusisiseko kunye nabanye abasebenzisi bendlela kwaye, umzekelo, izibane zendlela, ngamaxesha athile. Izakhono zabo zibonakaliswe kwiimvavanyo ezininzi zisebenzisa i-chip yethu ye-C-V2X, i-Qualcomm 9150. Unxibelelwano oluthe ngqo usebenzisa i-C-V2X iteknoloji ivumela umatshini ukuba "abone" indawo engqongileyo nakwiimeko apho ezinye izinto zingekho kumgca wokubonwayo, njengaku. iindlela ezingaboniyo okanye kwiimeko ezimbi zemozulu. Ngokwenza njalo, ubuchwephesha obutsha buncedisana kunye nokwandisa amandla alethwe zezinye izinzwa ezingabonakaliyo ezifana ne-radar, i-LIDAR kunye neenkqubo zekhamera, ezinoluhlu kunye nemida yokubonakala.
I-3GPP Ukukhutshwa kwe-16 kunye ne-2G NR-enabled C-V5X standardization iya kuthatha ezi zakhono kwinqanaba elitsha kwaye yenza ukuba izithuthi zifumane kwaye zithumele ulwazi oluninzi, njengedatha ye-sensor eneenkcukacha kunye nolwazi malunga "neenjongo" zabasebenzisi bendlela, iziseko zendlela kunye neentshukumo zabahambi ngeenyawo. Ngaphezu koko, ukutshintshiselwa kwedatha "kwiinjongo" kuya kunceda ukucwangcisa umzila wesithuthi ngokufanelekileyo, okubalulekileyo ekuphuhliseni izithuthi ezingenabantu kwixesha elizayo. I-C-V2X iza kuvela kubuchwepheshe obusebenza ngokuyintloko njengendlela yokuphucula ukhuseleko ezindleleni kwi-Release 14, ukuya kwisixhobo sokusebenzisana ngokuthe ngqo kumsebenzisi-to-road esiya kunceda ekuphuculeni ukhuseleko ezindleleni kunye nokwazisa ngezithuthi, kunye nokunciphisa amafutha kunye iindleko zexesha. indlela.
Ukuthatha ngokupheleleyo i-C-V2X kunye ne-5G NR
Izisombululo ze-C-V2X ezisekelwe kwi-NR ezisekelwe kwi-5G zisebenzisa amandla obuchule obutsha obuveliswe nge-4G kunye ne-5G inethiwekhi. Inguqulelo yokuqala yothungelwano lwe-5G, oluya kuqalisa ukuphunyezwa kule ntwasahlobo kwaye lusemgangathweni kwi-3GPP Release 15, yazisa i-scalable frequency grid spacing ekwasetyenziselwa i-C-V2X. Omnye umzekelo wokusetyenziswa kwayo kukukwazi ukutshintsha ubuninzi bomqondiso wesalathiso kuxhomekeke kwisantya sesithuthi. Ngokoqikelelo lwethu, ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-spectral kwisantya esiphezulu kule meko kuya kwanda ngamaxesha angama-3,5, okubaluleke kakhulu kwiimeko ezintsha zokusebenzisa i-C-V2X, umzekelo, utshintshiselwano phakathi kweemoto kunye nezinto zeziseko zendlela ezinomthamo omkhulu wedatha. ukusuka kuluvo.
I-2G NR-enikwe amandla i-C-V5X ukuphunyezwa ibonelela ngophuculo olukhulu oluninzi kwinqanaba likanomathotholo elikhethekileyo kwi-5G NR. Kwi-Release 16, ngokokuqala ngqa, ikhonkco "lecala" liya kongezwa kumgangatho we-5G - ishaneli yokutshintshiselana ngedatha ngokuthe ngqo kwiinkqubo zeV2X. Le teknoloji iya kusebenza njengesiseko sophuhliso lwezisombululo ezizayo kusetyenziswa i-5G NR kwii-smartphones nakwezinye iindawo ezifana nokhuseleko loluntu. Isiseko sokudalwa kwayo yayikuphuhliso lwe-Qualcomm Technologies ye-LTE Direct, eyona nto yakhokelela ekuveleni kwe-C-V3X teknoloji kwi-14GPP Release 2. Kwakhona, ubuchwepheshe obuchazwe kwi-Release 14 buya kuvumela izithuthi ezinenkxaso yenguqu endala ye-C-V2X ukuba zinxibelelane endleleni kunye neemodeli zamva nje ezisebenzisa zombini iinguqulelo ze-C-V2X (ukusuka kwi-Release 14 kunye ne-16 ye-Release nge-5G NR inkxaso. ).
Iparadigm entsha yotshintshiselwano lwedatha yesithuthi ukuya kwisithuthi
Kwiparadigm yanamhlanje yokutshintshiselana kwedatha usebenzisa amanethiwekhi eselula, izixhobo zitshintsha iiparitha zokuhambisa umqondiso, njengokumodareyitha kwayo kunye ne-encoding, kuxhomekeke kumgangatho wesiginali yezikhululo zesiseko. Nge-C-V2X, umceli mngeni unzima kukuba sithetha ngezithuthi ezihamba rhoqo kunezikhululo ezisisiseko ezimileyo. Kule meko, umgangatho womqondiso wodwa akwanelanga ukuqonda ukuba zeziphi izithuthi ezifanelekileyo zokunxibelelana kwimeko nganye. Khawufane ucinge ukuba kukho imoto ekudibaneni kweendlela ekoneni. Inqanaba layo lomqondiso libuthathaka, kodwa imoto ngokwayo isondele kakhulu, oko kukuthi, iyinxalenye yokusingqongileyo ebalulekileyo kwimoto yethu. Ngoko ke, zombini izithuthi kule meko kufuneka zikwazi ukufumana ulwazi olupheleleyo kwii-sensors, kungakhathaliseki ukuba zihambelana ngqo nomgca omnye komnye.
Kwaye oku, kuthetha ukuba i-paradigm entsha iyadingeka engayi kuthathela ingqalelo kuphela inqanaba lomqondiso, kodwa kunye nomgama phakathi kwezinto. Ngenxa yoku, indlela yokuphuhlisa uthungelwano lwe-5G ngokwayo iyahluka kwindlela uthungelwano lwezizukulwana zangaphambili ezakhiwe ngayo. Ngokukodwa, kwimigangatho "ephantsi" ye-5G NR (i-physical and MAC layers), kukho imfuneko yokuqikelelwa komgama. Ngokomzekelo, izithuthi ziya kuthumela ukuvuma, njengezicelo zokubuyisela ngokuzenzekelayo ezifana ne-ACK / NAK, kuphela ukuba ziphakathi komgama othile ukusuka kumthumeli kwaye kuphela ukuba ulwazi oludlulisiweyo luluncedo kweso sithuthi. Le ndlela iya kunceda kwakhona ukujamelana nengxaki "ye-node efihliweyo" ngendlela yemoto echazwe ngasentla kunye nenqanaba lesignali elibuthathaka, elibekwe kwikona. Ngokubanzi, sibulela kuyo, ukuthembeka kokuhanjiswa kolwazi kuzo zonke izithuthi kunyuswa kwaye inkqubo enkulu yokuqhubela phambili iyaqinisekiswa, kuba izixhobo zenethiwekhi azisayi kusetyenziselwa ukuhambisa "ezingenamsebenzi" kwabanye abathathi-nxaxheba bendlela.
I-C-V2X esekelwe kwi-5G NR ayikho kuphela iteknoloji yokudlulisa idatha
Isigqibo sokubandakanya i-2G NR-enikwe amandla i-C-V5X iinkcukacha kwi-3GPP Release 16 iya kuba linyathelo elibalulekileyo ekumiseni iteknoloji yonxibelelwano lwedatha oluphezulu oluhlangabezana neemfuno zeshishini lemoto kwizithuthi ezitsha, kubandakanywa nezithuthi ezizimeleyo. Ukongeza kwiindlela zonxibelelwano, sikwaqhuba uphando kunye nokulinganisa umgangatho ophezulu wemigaqo kunye neendlela zokuthumela imiyalezo kwimigangatho yengingqi efana ne-SAE, i-ETSI ITS kunye ne-C-ITS. Le miyalezo isemgangathweni iya kuvumela izithuthi ezivela kubavelisi abahlukeneyo ukuba basebenzise ngokupheleleyo itekhnoloji entsha ye-C-V2X. Njenge-C-V2X echazwe kwi-3GPP Release 14, i-2G NR-enabled C-V5X izisombululo ziya kusebenzisa ngokuyinhloko ibhendi ye-5,9 GHz, egcinelwe iimoto kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi, njenge-US, iYurophu ne-China. Nangona kunjalo, inguqulelo entsha ye-C-V2X iya kusebenzisa amanye amajelo kolu luhlu.
umthombo: www.habr.com