Ngomhla we-5 kaFebruwari walo nyaka, umgangatho omtsha we-10-Mbit Ethernet uvunyiwe. Ewe, ufunda kakuhle: iimegabhithi ezilishumi ngomzuzwana.
Kutheni kufuneka isantya βesincinaneβ kangaka kule nkulungwane yama-21? Ukutshintsha i-zoo efihliweyo phantsi kwegama elinamandla "ibhasi yebhasi" - iProfibus, i-Modbus, i-CC-Link, i-CAN, i-FlexRay, i-HART, njl. Zininzi kakhulu, azihambelani kunye kwaye kunzima ukuziqwalasela. Kodwa ufuna nje ukuplaga intambo kwisitshixo, kwaye yiloo nto. Kuyafana ne-Ethernet eqhelekileyo.
Kwaye kungekudala kuya kwenzeka! Hlangana: "802.3cg-2019 - Umgangatho we-IEEE we-Ethernet - uLungiso lwe-5: Inkcazo ye-Physical Layer kunye neeParameters zoLawulo lwe-10 Mb / s Operation kunye nokuhanjiswa kwamandla okudityaniswayo ngaphezu kwe-Single Balanced Conductors."
Yintoni eyolisayo ngale Ethernet intsha? Okokuqala, isebenza ngaphezulu kwesibini esijijekileyo, kwaye hayi ngaphezulu kwesine. Ke ngoko, ineziqhagamshelo ezimbalwa kunye neentambo ezincinci. Kwaye ungasebenzisa intambo ephothiweyo esele ibekiwe ukuya kwi-sensor kunye nee actuators.
Unokuxoxa ukuba i-Ethernet isebenza ukuya kuthi ga kwi-100 yeemitha, kodwa abenzi boluvo babekwe kude kakhulu. Ngokwenene, oku bekukade kuyingxaki. Kodwa i-802.3cg isebenza kumgama ofikelela kwi-1 km! Isibini esinye ngexesha! Akukubanga?
Ngapha koko, nangcono: amandla nawo anokubonelelwa ngesibini esifanayo. Kulapho sizakuqala khona.
IEEE 802.3bu Amandla phezu kweMigqaliselo yeDatha (PoDL)
Ndicinga ukuba uninzi lwenu luvile malunga ne-PoE (Amandla phezu kwe-Ethernet) kwaye niyazi ukuba izibini ezi-2 zeengcingo ziyafuneka ukuhambisa amandla. Igalelo lamandla / isiphumo senziwe kwiindawo eziphakathi kwee-transformers zesibini ngasinye. Oku akunakwenziwa kusetyenziswa iperi enye. Ngoko ke, kwafuneka siyenze ngokwahlukileyo. Indlela echanekileyo iboniswe ngayo kumzobo ongezantsi. Umzekelo, iPoE yakudala nayo yongezwe.
Apha:
PSE β izixhobo zokukhangela amandla (ubonelelo lwamandla)
I-PD - isixhobo esinikwe amandla (isixhobo esikude esisebenzisa umbane)
Ekuqaleni, i-802.3bu yayineeklasi zamandla ezili-10:
Imilinganiselo emithathu eqhelekileyo yombane womthombo ibonakaliswe ngombala: 12, 24 kunye ne-48V.
Amagama:
I-Vpse - amandla ombane ombane, i-V
I-Vpd min - ubuncinci bombane kwiPD, V
I max - ubuninzi bangoku emgceni, A
I-Ppd max - amandla aphezulu okusetyenziswa kwePD, W
Ngokufika kweprotocol ye-802.3cg, ezinye iiklasi ezi-6 zongezwa:
Ewe kunjalo, ngokwahlukana okunjalo, i-PSE kunye nePD kufuneka zivumelane ngeklasi yamandla ngaphambi kokufaka i-voltage epheleleyo. Oku kwenziwa kusetyenziswa i-SCCP (iProtokholi yoHlelo loNxibelelwano lweSerial). Le yiprotocol enesantya esisezantsi (333 bps) esekwe kwi-1-Wire. Isebenza kuphela xa amandla amakhulu anganikezelwanga kumgca (kubandakanywa nemodi yokulala).
Umzobo webhloko ubonisa indlela amandla anikezelwa ngayo:
- umjelo okhoyo we-10mA unikeziwe kwaye ubukho be-4V zener diode kweso siphelo buyakhangelwa.
- iklasi yamandla kuvunyelwene ngayo
- amandla aphambili anikezelwe
- ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwehla ngaphantsi kwe-10mA, imo yokulala ivuliwe (ukunikezelwa kwamandla okulinda 3.3V)
- ukuba ukusetyenziswa kudlula i-1mA, indlela yokulala iyaphuma
Akukho mfuneko yokuvumelana ngeklasi yokutya ukuba iyaziwa kwangaphambili. Olu khetho lubizwa ngokuba yiNdlela yokuQalisa ngokukhawuleza. Isetyenziswa, umzekelo, kwiimoto, kuba akukho mfuneko yokutshintsha ukucwangciswa kwezixhobo ezixhunyiwe.
Zombini i-PSE kunye nePD zinokuqalisa imo yokulala.
Ngoku masiqhubele phambili kwinkcazo yokudluliselwa kwedatha. Kwakhona kunomdla apho: umgangatho uchaza iindlela ezimbini zokusebenza - ubude obude kunye nobude obufutshane.
10BASE-T1L
Olu lukhetho olude lokufikelela. Iimpawu eziphambili zezi zilandelayo:
- ububanzi - ukuya kwi-1 km
- abaqhubi 18AWG (0.8mm2)
- ukuya kuthi ga kwi-10 izihlanganisi eziphakathi (kunye neziqhagamshelo zetheminali ezimbini)
- imowudi yokusebenza ye-point-to-point
- i-duplex epheleleyo
- isimboli rate 7.5 Mbaud
- Ukumodareyitha kwePAM-3, i-4B3T encoding
- uphawu kunye ne-amplitude 1V (1Vpp) okanye i-2.4V
- I-Energy Efficient Ethernet ("ithule / ihlaziye" inkxaso yeEEE).
Ngokucacileyo, olu khetho lujoliswe kwizicelo zoshishino, iinkqubo zokulawula ukufikelela, ukwakha i-automation, i-elevators. Ukulawula izikhenkcezisi, izifudumezi zomoya, kunye neefeni ezibekwe eluphahleni. Okanye iibhoyili zokufudumeza kunye neepompo ezikumagumbi obugcisa. Oko kukuthi, zininzi izicelo ezahlukeneyo ngaphandle koshishino. Singasathethi ke nge-Intanethi yezinto (IoT).
Kufanelekile ukukhankanya ukuba i-10BASE-T1 yenye kuphela yemigangatho yeSingle Pair Ethernet (SPE). Kukho kwakhona i-100BASE-T1 (802.3bw) kunye ne-1000BASE-T1 (802.3bp). Enyanisweni, zaphuhliswa kwizicelo zeemoto, ngoko ke uluhlu lukhona kuphela i-15 (UTP) okanye i-40 yeemitha (STP). Nangona kunjalo, izicwangciso sele zibandakanya uluhlu olude lwe-100BASE-T1L. Ke kwixesha elizayo baya kongeza i-auto-negotiation yesantya.
Okwangoku, ulungelelwaniso alusetyenziswanga - "ukuqala ngokukhawuleza" kwe-interface kubhengezwa: ngaphantsi kwe-100ms ukusuka kumbane ukuya ekuqaleni kokutshintshiselana kwedatha.
Enye inketho (ukhetho) kukunyusa i-amplitude yokudlulisa ukusuka kwi-1 ukuya kwi-2.4V ukuphucula umlinganiselo we-signal-to-noise, ukunciphisa inani leempazamo, kunye nokuchasana nokuphazamiseka kwamashishini.
Kwaye, kunjalo, EEE. Le yindlela yokugcina umbane ngokucima i-transmitter ukuba akukho datha yokuhambisa okwangoku. Umzobo ubonisa ukuba oku kujongeka njani:
Akukho datha - sithumela umyalezo "ndaya kulala" kwaye uqhawuke. Ngamanye amaxesha sivuka kwaye sithumele umyalezo othi "Ndiselapha." Xa idatha ibonakala, icala elichaseneyo liyaziswa "Ndiyavuka" kwaye ukuhanjiswa kuqala. Oko kukuthi, ngabamkeli kuphela abasebenza rhoqo.
Ngoku makhe sibone ukuba beze ngantoni ngoguqulelo lwesibini lomgangatho.
I-10BASE-T1S
Sele isuka kwileta yokugqibela kucacile ukuba le yiprotocol yemigama emifutshane. Kodwa kutheni ifuneka ukuba i-T1L isebenza kumgama omfutshane? Ukufunda iimpawu:
- uluhlu ukuya kwi-15m kwimowudi ye-point-to-point
- i-duplex okanye i-half duplex
- ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ 24-26AWG (0.2-0.13ΠΌΠΌ2)
- isimboli rate 12.5 Mbaud
- I-DME, ikhowudi 4B5B
- Umqondiso one-amplitude 1V (1Vpp)
- ukuya kuthi ga kwi-4 izihlanganisi eziphakathi (kunye neziqhagamshelo zetheminali ezimbini)
- akukho nkxaso ye-EEE
Kubonakala ngathi akukho nto ikhethekileyo. Ngoko yenzelwe ntoni? Kodwa ngenxa yoko:
- uluhlu ukuya kwi-25m kwimowudi ye-multipoint (ukuya kwi-8 knots)
Kwaye oku:
- indlela yokusebenza enokuphepha ukungqubana kwe-PLCA RS (i-PHY-Level Collision Avoidance Reconciliation Sublayer)
Kwaye oku kunomdla ngakumbi, akunjalo? Ngokuba inceda kakhulu ukunciphisa inani leengcingo kwiikhabhathi zolawulo, oomatshini, iirobhothi, kunye neemoto. Kwaye sele kukho izindululo zokuyisebenzisa njengokutshintshwa kwe-I2C kwiiseva, iiswitshi kunye nezinye izinto zombane.
Kodwa imowudi ye-multipoint inemiqobo yayo. Eyona nto iphambili yindlela yokuhanjiswa kwedatha ekwabelwanayo ngayo. Ewe, ukungqubana kusonjululwa kusetyenziswa i-CSMA/CD. Kodwa akwaziwa ukuba kuya kuba yintoni ukulibaziseka. Kwaye kwezinye izicelo oku kubalulekile. Ngoko ke, kumgangatho omtsha, i-multipoint yongezwa ngemodi ekhethekileyo ye-PLCA RS (jonga icandelo elilandelayo).
I-drawback yesibini kukuba i-PoDL ayisebenzi kwii-multipoints. Oko kukuthi, amandla kuya kufuneka anikezelwe ngentambo eyahlukileyo okanye athathwe kwindawo ethile kwisiza.
Nangona kunjalo, kwimowudi ye-point-to-point, i-PoDL ikwasebenza kwi-T1S.
I-PLCA RS
Le mowudi isebenza ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
- iindawo zokuchongwa phakathi kwazo, indawo ene-ID=0 iba ngumnxibelelanisi
- umququzeleli ukhupha isignali ye-BEACON kwinethiwekhi, ebonisa ukuqala komjikelezo omtsha wothumelo kunye nokuhambisa ipakethi yedatha
- emva kokuhambisa ipakethe yedatha, umgca wothumelo uhambela kwi-node elandelayo
- ukuba i-node ayizange iqalise ukuthumela ngexesha elifunekayo ukuhambisa amasuntswana angama-20, umgca ushukuma ukuya kwindawo elandelayo.
- xa zonke ii-nodes zigqithise idatha (okanye yeqa ixesha labo), umququzeleli uqala umjikelo omtsha
Ngokubanzi ifana ne-TDMA. Kodwa ngokungaqhelekanga ukuba i-node ayisebenzisi ixesha layo ukuba ayinanto yokuhambisa. Kwaye ubungakanani besakhelo abuchazwanga ngokungqongqo, kuba... kuxhomekeke kubungakanani bepakethi yedatha ehanjiswa yi-node. Kwaye zonke zihamba phezulu kwemigangatho ye-802.3 ye-Ethernet (i-PLCA RS iyakhethwa, ngoko kufuneka kubekho ukuhambelana).
Isiphumo sokusebenzisa i-PLCA siboniswe ngezantsi kwiigrafu. Eyokuqala kukulibaziseka kuxhomekeke kumthwalo, okwesibini kukuphuma ngokuxhomekeke kwinani lee-nodes ezithumelayo. Kuyaphawuleka ngokucacileyo ukuba ukulibaziseka kuye kwabonakala ngakumbi. Kwaye kwimeko embi kakhulu yi-2 imiyalelo yobukhulu obungaphantsi kweyona meko imbi kakhulu CSMA/CD:
Kwaye umthamo wetshaneli kwimeko ye-PLCA uphezulu, kuba ayichithwanga ekusombululeni ungquzulwano:
Iziqhagamshelo
Ekuqaleni, sikhethe kwiinketho ezi-6 zokudibanisa ezinikezelwa ziinkampani ezahlukeneyo. Ngenxa yoko, siye sazinza kwezi zimbini iinketho:
Kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo zokusebenza, iCommScope's IEC 63171-1 LC isidibanisi sikhethiwe.
Kwiindawo ezinzima - i-IEC 63171-6 (yangaphambili i-61076-3-125) yokudibanisa intsapho esuka e-HARTING. Ezi ziqhagamshelo ziyilelwe izidanga zokhuseleko ukusuka IP20 ukuya IP67.
Ngokuqinisekileyo, izihlanganisi kunye neentambo zinokuba yi-UTP okanye i-STP.
ΠΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΅
Unokusebenzisa intambo ye-Ethernet eqhelekileyo, usebenzisa isibini ngasinye kwitshaneli ye-SPE eyahlukileyo. Ukuze ungatsali iintambo ezine ezahlukeneyo kwindawo ethile kumgama. Okanye sebenzisa intambo enezimbini-nye, kwaye ufake isitshixo se-Ethernet esinesibini ekupheleni.
Okanye ungaqhagamshela olu tshintsho ngokuthe ngqo kwinethiwekhi yendawo yeshishini, ukuba inethiwekhi sele yandisiwe kumgama omde ngefiber optics. Ncamathelisa izixhobo zoluvo kuyo apho, kwaye ufunde ufundo oluphuma kuzo apha. Ngqo kwinethiwekhi. Ngaphandle kweziguquli zojongano kunye namasango.
Kwaye ezi akunyanzelekanga ukuba zibe zinzwa. Kusenokubakho iikhamera zevidiyo, ii-intercom okanye iiglowubhu ze-smart light. Ukuqhuba kwezinye iivalvu okanye ii-turnstiles ekungeneni.
Ngoko ke amathemba avula umdla. Akunakwenzeka, ewe, ukuba i-SPE ithathe indawo yazo zonke iibhasi zasendle. Kodwa uya kuthabatha isiqwenga esilungileyo kubo. Ngokuqinisekileyo ezimotweni.
I-PS andiyifumananga isicatshulwa somgangatho kwindawo yoluntu. Olu lwazi lungentla luqokelelwe isiqwenga ngasinye kwiinkcazo ezahlukeneyo kunye nezixhobo ezikhoyo kwi-Intanethi. Ngoko kusenokubakho ukungachaneki kuyo.
umthombo: www.habr.com