Kungekudala, izixhobo ezixhasa i-Wi-Fi 6 (IEEE 802.11ax) iteknoloji, ekuthethwa ngayo kakhulu, isanda kungena kwiimarike. Kodwa bambalwa abantu abazi ukuba uphuhliso lwesizukulwana esitsha sobuchwephesha be-Wi-Fi sele siqhubeka - Wi-Fi 7 (IEEE 802.11be). Fumana ukuba i-Wi-Fi 7 iya kuba njani kweli nqaku.
ukubuzwa
NgoSeptemba ka-2020, siza kubhiyozela isikhumbuzo seminyaka engama-30 yeprojekthi ye-IEEE 802.11, ethe yanempembelelo enkulu kubomi bethu. Okwangoku, iteknoloji ye-Wi-Fi, echazwe yi-IEEE 802.11 yosapho lwemigangatho, yeyona teknoloji idumileyo esetyenziselwa ukuxhuma kwi-Intanethi, kunye ne-Wi-Fi ephethe ngaphezu kwesiqingatha se-traffic yomsebenzisi. Ngelixa itekhnoloji yeselula iphinda ihlaziye yonke iminyaka elishumi, njengokutshintsha igama le-4G nge-5G, kubasebenzisi be-Wi-Fi, ukuphuculwa kwezantya zedatha, kunye nokuqaliswa kweenkonzo ezintsha kunye neempawu ezintsha, zenzeka phantse zingakhange ziqatshelwe. Bambalwa abathengi abakhathalele oonobumba "n", "ac" okanye "ax" abalandela "802.11" kwiibhokisi zezixhobo. Kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba iWi-Fi ayiphumi.
Obunye ubungqina bokuvela kwe-Wi-Fi kukunyuka okumangalisayo kwezantya ezilinganiselweyo zedatha: ukusuka kwi-2 Mbps kuguqulelo luka-1997 ukuya phantse kwi-10 Gbps kumgangatho wamva nje we-802.11ax, okwaziwa ngokuba yi-Wi-Fi 6. I-Wi-Fi yanamhlanje ifikelela kule ndlela. impumelelo yokusebenza ngenxa yophawu olukhawulezayo kunye noyilo lwekhowudi, amajelo abanzi kunye nokusetyenziswa kobuchwepheshe .
Ukongeza kwi-instream ye-high-speed wireless area networks, i-evolution ye-Wi-Fi ibandakanya iiprojekthi ezininzi ze-niche. Umzekelo, i-Wi-Fi HaLow (802.11ah) yayilinge lokuzisa i-Wi-Fi kwi-intanethi ye-intanethi yezinto zemarike. I-Millimeter wave i-Wi-Fi (802.11ad/ay) ixhasa amanani edatha aqhelekileyo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-275 Gbps, nangona imigama emifutshane kakhulu.
Izicelo ezitsha kunye neenkonzo ezinxulumene nokusasazwa kwevidiyo ephezulu, inyani kunye nokwandiswa kwenyani, umdlalo, iofisi ekude kunye necomputing yamafu, kunye nesidingo sokuxhasa inani elikhulu labasebenzisi abane-traffic enzulu kwiinethiwekhi ezingenazintambo, zifuna ukusebenza okuphezulu.
Wi-Fi 7 iinjongo
NgoMeyi ka-2019, iqela eliphantsi le-BE (TGbe) leQela eliSebenzayo le-802.11 leKomiti yeMigangatho yeNgingqi yeNgingqi kunye neMetropolitan Area Networks yaqala umsebenzi wokongezwa olutsha kumgangatho we-Wi-Fi oza kunyuka. ugqithiso lwegama ukuya kuthi ga kwi-40 Gbit/s kwisitishi esinye samaza oluhlu "oluqhelekileyo" lwe-Wi-Fi <= 7 GHz. Nangona amaxwebhu amaninzi edwelisa "ubuninzi be-throughput ubuncinane ye-30 Gbps", iprothokholi entsha yomaleko womzimba iya kubonelela ngezantya zesiqhelo ezingaphezulu kwe-40 Gbps.
Olunye ulwalathiso lophuhliso olubalulekileyo lwe-Wi-Fi 7 yi inkxaso izicelo real-time (imidlalo, inyani yenyani kunye neyongeziweyo, ulawulo lwerobhothi). Kuyaphawuleka ukuba nangona i-Wi-Fi ibamba i-audio kunye nevidiyo yetrafikhi ngendlela ekhethekileyo, kudala kukholelwa ukuba ukubonelela ngenqanaba elisezantsi eliqinisekisiweyo le-latency (i-milliseconds), eyaziwa ngokuba yi-Time-Sensitive Networking, kwiinethiwekhi ze-Wi-Fi ngokusisiseko. akunakwenzeka. NgoNovemba 2017, iqela lethu elivela kwi-IITP RAS kunye ne-National Research University Higher School of Economics (ungayithathi i-PR) yenza isiphakamiso esihambelanayo kwiqela le-IEEE 802.11. Isindululo sivelise umdla omkhulu kwaye i-subgroups ekhethekileyo yasungulwa ngoJulayi 2018 ukufundisisa umba ngakumbi. Ngenxa yokuba ukuxhasa izicelo zexesha langempela kufuna zombini iireyithi eziphezulu zedatha yegama kunye nokusebenza okuphuculweyo kwe-link-layer, iQela eliSebenzayo le-802.11 ligqibe ekubeni liphuhlise iindlela zokuxhasa izicelo zexesha langempela ngaphakathi kwe-Wi-Fi 7.
Umba obalulekileyo kunye ne-Wi-Fi 7 kukuhlalisana kwayo kunye nobuchwepheshe benethiwekhi yeselula (4G / 5G) ephuhliswa yi-3GPP kwaye isebenze kwiibhendi ezifanayo ezingavumelekanga. Sithetha nge-LTE-LAA/NR-U. Ukufunda iingxaki ezinxulumene nokuhlalisana kwe-Wi-Fi kunye neenethiwekhi zeselula, i-IEEE 802.11 iqalise iKomidi eMisiweyo ekhoyo (Coex SC). Ngaphandle kweentlanganiso ezininzi kunye neworkshop edibeneyo ye-3GPP kunye ne-IEEE 802.11 abathathi-nxaxheba ngoJulayi 2019 eVienna, izisombululo zobugcisa azikavunywa. Ingcaciso enokubakho yale mampunge kukuba zombini i-IEEE 802 kunye ne-3GPP bayathandabuza ukutshintsha ubugcisa babo ukuze buhambelane nobunye. Ngoko, Okwangoku akukacaci ukuba iingxoxo ze-Coex SC ziyakuchaphazela umgangatho we-Wi-Fi 7.
Inkqubo yophuhliso
Nangona inkqubo yophuhliso ye-Wi-Fi 7 ikwinqanaba lokuqala kakhulu, sele kukho malunga nama-500 eziphakamiso malunga nokusebenza okutsha kwi-Wi-Fi 7 ezayo, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-IEEE 802.11be, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Uninzi lweengcamango zixoxwa nje kwi-be subgroup kwaye isigqibo malunga nabo asikathathwa. Ezinye iimbono zisanda kuvunywa. Apha ngezantsi kuya kuboniswa ngokucacileyo ukuba zeziphi izindululo ezivunyiweyo nezixoxwa kuphela.
Ekuqaleni kwakucwangcisiwe ukuba uphuhliso lweendlela ezintsha ezingundoqo luya kugqitywa ngoMatshi ka-2021. Inguqulelo yokugqibela yomgangatho kulindeleke ekuqaleni kuka-2024. NgoJanuwari ka-2020, i-11 yaphakamisa iinkxalabo malunga nokuba uphuhliso luya kuhlala lukwishedyuli ngokwesantya sangoku somsebenzi. Ukukhawulezisa inkqubo yophuhliso olusemgangathweni, iqela elincinane livumile ukukhetha isethi encinci yezinto eziphambili ezinokuthi zikhutshwe ngo-2021 (Ukukhupha i-1), kwaye ushiye ukuphumla kwi-Release 2. Iimpawu eziphambili eziphambili kufuneka zinike iinzuzo eziphambili zokusebenza. kwaye iquka inkxaso ye-320 MHz, i-4K- QAM, ukuphuculwa okucacileyo kwi-OFDMA ukusuka kwi-Wi-Fi 6, i-MU-MIMO ene-16 imilambo.
Ngenxa ye-coronavirus, iqela okwangoku alidibani nomntu, kodwa libamba ii-teleconferences rhoqo. Ngaloo ndlela, uphuhliso lwehla kancinci, kodwa aluzange luyeke.
Iinkcukacha zeteknoloji
Makhe sijonge izinto ezintsha ezintsha ze-Wi-Fi 7.
- Iprotocol entsha yomaleko womzimba luphuhliso lweprotocol ye-Wi-Fi 6 ngokunyuka kabini i-bandwidth ukuya kwi-320 MHz, kabini inani lemijelo ye-MU-MIMO yendawo, okwandisa i-nominal throughput ngo-2 Γ 2 = amaxesha ama-4. I-Wi-Fi 7 nayo iqalisa ukusebenzisa ukumodareyitha 4K-QAM, eyongeza enye i-20% kwi-output yegama. Ngoko ke, i-Wi-Fi 7 iya kunika i-2x2x1,2 = amaxesha angama-4,8 ireyithi yedatha elinganisiweyo ye-Wi-Fi 6: I-Wi-Fi 7 i-throughput ephezulu ye-9,6 Gbps x 4,8 = 46 Gbit / s. Ukongeza, kuya kubakho utshintsho oluguqukayo kwiprotocol yomgangatho womzimba ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhambelana neenguqulelo zexesha elizayo ze-Wi-Fi, kodwa iya kuhlala ingabonakali kubasebenzisi.
- Ukutshintsha indlela yokufikelela kwitshaneli ye inkxaso isicelo real-time iya kwenziwa kuthathelwe ingqalelo amava e-IEEE 802 TSN kuthungelwano olunentambo. Iingxoxo eziqhubekayo kwikomiti yemigangatho zihambelana nenkqubo ye-random backoff yokufikelela kumzila, iindidi zeenkonzo zezithuthi kwaye ngoko ke imigca eyahlukileyo ye-traffic yexesha langempela, kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yenkonzo yepakethe.
- Yaziswa kwi-Wi-Fi 6 (802.11ax) I-OFDMA -Ixesha kunye ne-frequency-division-division channel access method (efana naleyo isetyenziswa kwi-4G kunye ne-5G networks) - ibonelela ngamathuba amatsha okunikezelwa kwezibonelelo ezifanelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kwi-11ax, i-OFDMA ayibhetyebhetye ngokwaneleyo. Okokuqala, ivumela indawo yofikelelo ukuba inike ibhloko enye kuphela yesixhobo sobungakanani obumiselweyo kwisixhobo somthengi. Okwesibini, ayikuxhasi ukuhanjiswa ngokuthe ngqo phakathi kwezikhululo zabaxumi. Zomibini ezingalunganga zinciphisa ukusebenza kwe-spectral. Ukongeza, ukunqongophala kokuguquguquka kwe-Wi-Fi 6 ye-OFDMA yelifa kuthoba ukusebenza kuthungelwano oluxineneyo kwaye kwandisa i-latency, ebaluleke kakhulu kwizicelo zexesha lokwenyani. 11be iya kusombulula ezi ngxaki ze-OFDMA.
- Olunye lotshintsho oluqinisekisiweyo lwe-Wi-Fi 7 yinkxaso yemveli ukusetyenziswa ngaxeshanye koqhagamshelo oludityanisiweyo oluninzi kumaza ahlukeneyo, eluncedo kakhulu kuzo zombini iireyithi ezinkulu zedatha kunye ne-latency ephantsi kakhulu. Nangona ii-chipsets zanamhlanje sele zikwazi ukusebenzisa uxhulumaniso oluninzi ngaxeshanye, umzekelo, kwiibhendi ze-2.4 kunye ne-5 GHz, olu xhulumaniso luzimele, oluthintela ukusebenza komsebenzi onjalo. Kwi-11be, inqanaba lokulungelelaniswa phakathi kwamajelo liya kufunyanwa elivumela ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwezibonelelo zetshaneli kwaye kuya kubandakanya utshintsho olubalulekileyo kwimigaqo yokufikelela kwiprotocol.
- Ukusetyenziswa kwemijelo ebanzi kakhulu kunye nenani elikhulu lemijelo yendawo kukhokelela kwingxaki yokuphakama okuphezulu okunxulunyaniswa nenkqubo yoqikelelo lobume besiteshi efunekayo kwi-MIMO kunye ne-OFDMA. Le overhead irhoxisa naziphi na iinzuzo ekunyuseni izinga ledatha yesiqhelo. Bekulindeleke oko inkqubo yovavanyo lwemeko yomjelo iya kuhlaziywa.
- Kumxholo we-Wi-Fi 7, ikomiti yemigangatho ixoxa ngokusetyenziswa kwezinye iindlela "eziphezulu" zokudlulisa idatha. Kwithiyori, ezi ndlela ziphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-spectral kwimeko yokuzama ukudlulisa ngokuphindaphindiweyo, kunye nokuhanjiswa kwangaxeshanye kwindlela efanayo okanye echaseneyo. Sithetha malunga nesicelo sokuphinda ngokuzenzekelayo (i-HARQ), esetyenziswa ngoku kuthungelwano lweselula, imowudi ye-duplex epheleleyo kunye nofikelelo olungelulo lwe-orthogonal (NOMA). Obu buchule bufundwe kakuhle kuncwadi kwithiyori, kodwa akukacaci ukuba iinzuzo zemveliso ezibonelela ngazo ziya kuwufanele umzamo wokuziphumeza.
- Sebenzisa IHARQ inzima yile ngxaki ilandelayo. Kwi-Wi-Fi, iipakethi zidityaniswe kunye ukunciphisa i-overhead. Kwiinguqulelo zangoku ze-Wi-Fi, ukuhanjiswa kwepakethi nganye ngaphakathi kweglued one kuqinisekiswa kwaye, ukuba ukuqinisekiswa akufiki, ukuhanjiswa kwepakethi kuphinda kusetyenziswe iindlela zeprotocol zokufikelela kwisiteshi. I-HARQ ihambisa izama kwakhona kwikhonkco yedatha ukuya kwinqanaba lomzimba, apho kungekho khona iipakethi, kodwa kuphela amagama ekhowudi, kwaye imida yeekhowudi ayihambelani nemida yeepakethi. Oku kuchithwa kwe-synchronization kwenza kube nzima ukuphunyezwa kwe-HARQ kwi-Wi-Fi.
- Ngokuphathelele I-Duplex epheleleyo, ke okwangoku akukho kwiinethiwekhi zeselula okanye kwiinethiwekhi ze-Wi-Fi kunokwenzeka ukuhambisa idatha ngaxeshanye kwitshaneli efanayo yefrikhwensi ukuya nokusuka kwindawo yofikelelo (isikhululo esisisiseko). Ukususela kumbono wobugcisa, oku kubangelwa ulwahlulo olukhulu kumandla wesignali edlulisiweyo kunye nefunyenweyo. Nangona kukho iiprototypes ezidibanisa ukutsalwa kwedijithali kunye ne-analog yesiginali egqithisiweyo ukusuka kwisignali efunyenweyo, ekwazi ukufumana uphawu lwe-Wi-Fi ngexesha lokudluliselwa kwayo, inzuzo abanokubonelela ngayo ekusebenzeni ingaba yinto engathandabuzekiyo ngenxa yokuba nangaliphi na ixesha. i-downstream ayilingani neyonyukayo (ngokomyinge "esibhedlele" ukuhla kukhulu kakhulu). Ngaphezu koko, ukuhanjiswa kweendlela ezimbini kuya kuyenza nzima kakhulu iprotocol.
- Ngelixa ukuhanjiswa kwemijelo emininzi kusetyenziswa i-MIMO kufuna ii-eriyali ezininzi kumthumeli kunye nomamkeli, kunye nokufikelela okungekho-orthogonal indawo yokufikelela inokudlulisa idatha ngaxeshanye kubamkeli ababini ukusuka kwi-eriyali enye. Iinketho ezahlukeneyo zokufikelela kwi-non-orthogonal zibandakanyiwe kwiinkcazo zamva nje ze-5G. Umzekelo NOMA I-Wi-Fi yaqala ukudalwa kwi-2018 kwi-IITP RAS (kwakhona, ungayicingi ukuba yi-PR). Ibonise ukunyuka komsebenzi wama-30-40%. Inzuzo yeteknoloji ephuhlisiwe ukuhambelana kwayo ngasemva: omnye wabamkeli ababini banokuba sisixhobo esiphelelwe yisikhathi esingaxhasi i-Wi-Fi 7. Ngokubanzi, ingxaki yokuhambelana ngasemva ibaluleke kakhulu, ekubeni izixhobo zezizukulwana ezahlukeneyo ziyakwazi ukusebenza ngaxeshanye. kwinethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi. Okwangoku, amaqela amaninzi emhlabeni jikelele ahlalutya ukusebenza kokusetyenziswa okudibeneyo kwe-NOMA kunye ne-MU-MIMO, iziphumo eziza kugqiba ikamva lendlela. Sikwaqhubeka nokusebenza kwiprototype: inguqulelo yayo elandelayo iya kuboniswa kwinkomfa ye-IEEE INFOCOM ngoJulayi ka-2020.
- Ekugqibeleni, enye into entsha ebalulekileyo, kodwa ngekamva elingacacanga, i umsebenzi olungelelanisiweyo weendawo zofikelelo. Nangona abathengisi abaninzi benabalawuli babo abaphakathi kuthungelwano lwe-Wi-Fi yeshishini, amandla abalawuli abanjalo anqunyelwe ngokubanzi kwiparameter yexesha elide kunye nokukhethwa kwetshaneli. Ikomiti yemigangatho ixoxa ngentsebenziswano esondeleleneyo phakathi kweendawo zofikelelo eziselumelwaneni, ezibandakanya ukucwangciswa kothumelo olulungelelanisiweyo, ukubethelwa, kunye nokusasazwa kweenkqubo zeMIMO. Ezinye zeendlela eziqwalaselwayo zisebenzisa ukurhoxiswa kokuphazamiseka okulandelelanayo (malunga nokufana ne-NOMA). Nangona iindlela zolungelelwaniso lwe-11be zingekaphuhliswa, akukho mathandabuzo ukuba umgangatho uya kuvumela iindawo zofikelelo ezivela kubavelisi abahlukeneyo ukuba balungelelanise iishedyuli zothumelo kunye nomnye ukunciphisa ukuphazamisana. Ezinye, iindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi (ezifana nokuhanjiswa kwe-MU-MIMO) kuya kuba nzima ngakumbi ukuphumeza kumgangatho, nangona amanye amalungu eqela azimisele ukwenza njalo kwi-Release 2. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni umphumo, ikamva leendlela zokulungelelanisa indawo yokufikelela ayicacanga. Nokuba zifakwe kumgangatho, zisenokungafikeleli kwimarike. Into efanayo yenzekile ngaphambili xa uzama ukuzisa umyalelo wokuhanjiswa kwe-Wi-Fi usebenzisa izisombululo ezifana neHCCA (11e) kunye neHCCA TXOP Negotiation (11be).
Isishwankathelo, kubonakala ukuba uninzi lweziphakamiso ezinxulumene namaqela amahlanu okuqala ziya kuba yinxalenye ye-Wi-Fi 7, ngelixa izindululo ezinxulumene namaqela amabini okugqibela zifuna uphando olubalulekileyo olongezelelweyo ukubonisa ukusebenza kwabo.
Iinkcukacha ezongezelelweyo zobugcisa
Iinkcukacha zobuchwephesha malunga ne-Wi-Fi 7 zinokufundwa (ngesiNgesi)
umthombo: www.habr.com