Yintoni entsha ku-Ubuntu 20.04

23 APR yathatha indawo Ukukhutshwa kwe-Ubuntu version 20.04, ebizwa ngokuba yi-Focal Fossa, yinkxaso elandelayo yexesha elide (LTS) yokukhululwa kwe-Ubuntu kwaye kukuqhubekeka kwe-Ubuntu 18.04 LTS ekhutshwe ngo-2018.

Kancinci malunga negama lekhowudi. Igama elithi "Focal" lithetha "indawo esembindini" okanye "eyona ndawo ibalulekileyo", oko kukuthi, inxulunyaniswa nombono wokugxila, iziko lazo naziphi na iipropathi, isenzeko, izehlo, kwaye "iFossa" inengcambu ethi "FOSS" (Isoftware yasimahla kunye neVulekileyo-isoftware yasimahla kunye nevulelekileyo) kunye nesiko lokubiza iinguqulelo zobuntu emva kwezilwanyana. Fossa -esona silwanyana sanyisayo sikhulu sisuka kusapho lwecivet olusuka kwisiqithi saseMadagascar.

Abaphuhlisi babeka Ubuntu 20.04 njengohlaziyo olukhulu noluyimpumelelo ngenkxaso yeminyaka emi-5 elandelayo yeedesktops kunye neeseva.

Ubuntu 20.04 ibikukuqhubekeka okunengqiqo kwe-Ubuntu 19.04 “Disco Dingo” kunye no-Ubuntu 19.10 “Eoan Ermine”. Kwiinguqulelo zedesktop, ngokulandela iindlela zamva nje, kuvele umxholo omnyama. Ke, ku-Ubuntu 20.04 kukho iindlela ezintathu zokukhetha umxholo oqhelekileyo weYaru:

• Ukukhanya,
• Mnyama,
• Imigangatho.

I-app yeAmazon nayo yasuswa. Ubuntu 20.04 isebenzisa inguqulelo yamva nje njengeqokobhe lomzobo elingagqibekanga GNOME 3.36.

Utshintsho oluphambili

Ubuntu 20.04 isekwe kwi-5.4 kernel, eyakhutshwa ngoNovemba 24, 2019. Le nguqulo yazisa izinto ezintsha ezininzi ezibalulekileyo, esiza kuxoxa ngazo ngezantsi.

lz4

Iinjineli zeCanonical ziye zavavanya iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokucinezela i-kernel kunye nomfanekiso we-initramfs we-boot, uzama ukufumana urhwebo phakathi koxinzelelo olungcono (ubungakanani befayile encinci) kunye nexesha loxinzelelo. I-algorithm ye-compression algorithm lz4 ibonise ezona ziphumo zibonakalayo kwaye yongezwa ku-Ubuntu 19.10, ivumela ukuba icuthe amaxesha okuqalisa xa kuthelekiswa nokukhutshwa kwangaphambili (Ubuntu 18.04 kunye ne-19.04). I-algorithm efanayo iya kuhlala ku-Ubuntu 20.04.

Linux Lockdown Kernel

Uphawu lwe-Lockdown luphucula ukhuseleko lwe-Linux kernel ngokuthintela ukufikelela kwimisebenzi enokuvumela ukuphunyezwa kwekhowudi ngokungekho mthethweni ngekhowudi evezwe yinkqubo yomsebenzisi. Ukubeka nje, kwaneakhawunti ye-root superuser ayikwazi ukutshintsha ikhowudi ye-kernel. Oku kukuvumela ukuba unciphise umonakalo ovela ekuhlaselweni okunokwenzeka, nangona i-akhawunti yengcambu iphazamisekile. Ngaloo ndlela, ukhuseleko olupheleleyo lwenkqubo yokusebenza luyanda.

exFAT

Inkqubo yefayile ye-FAT ye-Microsoft ayikuvumeli ukuthunyelwa kweefayile ezinkulu kune-4 GB. Ukoyisa lo mda, iMicrosoft yenza inkqubo yefayile ye-exFAT (esuka kwiNgesi Eyongeziweyo FAT - "iFAT eyandisiweyo"). Ngoku unokufomatha, umzekelo, i-USB drive kwi-exFAT usebenzisa inkxaso eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi inkqubo yefayile ye exFAT.

WireGuard

Ngoxa i-Ubuntu 20.04 ayiyi kusebenzisa i-5.6 kernel, ubuncinane kungekhona ngokukhawuleza, sele isebenzisa i-WireGuard backport kwi-5.4 kernel. WireGuard nguye igama elitsha kwishishini leVPN, ngoko ukubandakanywa WireGuard kwi-kernel sele inika Ubuntu 20.04 inzuzo kwicala lelifu.

Ilungisiwe ibug enezabelo zeCFS kwaye ngoku izicelo ezinemisonto emininzi zinokubaleka ngokukhawuleza. Umqhubi wongezwe ekuvumela ukuba usebenze ngobushushu kunye ne-voltage sensors ye-Ryzen processors.

Ezi ayizizo zonke izinto ezintsha ezivele kwi-kernel 5.4. Uphononongo oluneenkcukacha lunokufunyanwa kwisixhobo kernelnewbies.org (ngesiNgesi) nakwiforam opennet (ngesiRashiya).

Ukusebenzisa iKubernetes

ICanonical iphumeze inkxaso epheleleyo kwi-Ubuntu 20.04 Kubernetes 1.18 ngenkxaso UChared Kubernetes, IiMicKKs и kubeadm.

Ukufaka iKubectl ku-Ubuntu 20.04:

# snap install kubectl --classic

kubectl 1.18.0 from Canonical ✓ installed

Ukusebenzisa iSNAP

ICanonical iyaqhubeka nokukhuthaza ifomati yephakheji yendalo yonke - i-snap. Oku kubonakala ngakumbi ngokukhululwa kwe-Ubuntu 20.04. Ukuba uzama ukuqhuba inkqubo engafakwanga, ngoko kuqala kuzo zonke uya kunikwa ukuyifaka usebenzisa:

# snap install <package>

Uphuculo lwenkxaso yeZFS

Nangona kunjalo ULinus Torvalds unokungayithandi iZFS, iseyinkqubo yefayile eyaziwayo kwaye inkxaso yovavanyo yongeziwe kunye no-Ubuntu 19.10.
Kuyinto efanelekileyo kwaye izinzile ukugcina idatha, indawo yokugcina yasekhaya okanye ukugcinwa kweseva emsebenzini ("ngaphandle kwebhokisi" inokwenza ngaphezu kwe-LVM efanayo). I-ZFS ixhasa ubungakanani bokwahlula ukuya kuthi ga kwi-256 quadrillion Zettabytes (kungoko "Z" egameni) kwaye inokusingatha iifayile ukuya kuthi ga kwi-16 Exabytes ngobukhulu.

I-ZFS yenza iitshekhi zokuthembeka kwedatha ngokusekelwe kwindlela ezibekwe ngayo kwidiski. Isici sokukhuphela-ngokubhala siqinisekisa ukuba idatha esetyenziswayo ayibhalwa ngaphezulu. Endaweni yoko, ulwazi olutsha lubhalwa kwibhloko entsha kwaye imethadatha yenkqubo yefayile ihlaziywa ukuze ikhombe kuyo. I-ZFS ikuvumela ukuba wenze ii-snapshots (ii-snapshots zesistim yefayile) ezilandelela utshintsho olwenziwe kwisixokelelwano sefayile kunye notshintshiselwano ngedatha kunye nayo ukugcina indawo yedisk.

I-ZFS yabela i-checksum kwifayile nganye ekwidiski kwaye isoloko ijonga ubume bayo ngokuchasene nayo. Ukuba ifumanisa ukuba ifayile yonakele, iya kuzama ukuyilungisa ngokuzenzekelayo. Isifakeli se-Ubuntu ngoku sinenketho eyahlukileyo ekuvumela ukuba usebenzise i-ZFS. Unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nembali ye-ZFS kunye neempawu zayo kwibhlog Yi-FOSS.

Sala kakuhle iPython 2.X

Inguqulelo yesithathu yePython yaziswa ngo-2008, kodwa kwaneminyaka eyi-12 yayinganelanga ukuba iiprojekthi zePython 2 ziqhelane nayo.
Emuva ku-Ubuntu 15.10, umzamo wenziwa ukulahla iPython 2, kodwa inkxaso yayo yaqhubeka. Kwaye ngoku nge-20 ka-Epreli 2020 yaphuma Python 2.7.18, okukukukhutshwa kwamva nje kwesebe lePython 2. Akusayi kubakho ukuhlaziywa kwayo.

Ubuntu 20.04 ayisaxhasi iPython 2 kwaye isebenzisa iPython 3.8 njengoguqulelo olungagqibekanga lwePython. Ngelishwa, zininzi iiprojekthi zePython 2 ezishiyekileyo emhlabeni, kwaye kubo ukutshintshela ku-Ubuntu 20.04 kunokuba buhlungu.

Unokufaka inguqulelo yamva nje yePython 2 ngomyalelo omnye:

# apt install python2.7

Ukongeza kwiPython 3.8, abaphuhlisi banokonwabela iseti ehlaziyiweyo yezixhobo ezibandakanya:

• I-MySQL 8
• I-glibc 2.31,
• I-OpenJDK 11
• PHP 7.4
• Perl 5.30
• IGolang 1.14.

Sala kakuhle 32 bits

Kwiminyaka eliqela ngoku, Ubuntu abukaniki imifanekiso ye-ISO yeekhompyuter ze-32-bit. Okwangoku, abasebenzisi abakhoyo be-32-bit yeenguqulelo ze-Ubuntu banokunyusela ku-Ubuntu 18.04, kodwa abasayi kuphinda bakwazi ukunyusela ku-Ubuntu 20.04. Oko kukuthi, ukuba ngoku usebenzisa i-32-bit Ubuntu 18.04, ungahlala nayo kude kube ngu-Epreli 2023.

Uhlaziywa njani

Ukunyuselwa ku-Ubuntu 20.04 ukusuka kwiinguqulelo zangaphambili kulula njenge-shelling pears-sebenzisa le miyalelo ilandelayo:

# sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade
# sudo do-release-upgrade

Siyavuya ukwazisa ukuba Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (Focal Fossa) sele ifumaneka njengomfanekiso koomatshini ababonakalayo kumatshini wethu. iqonga Cloud. Yenza eyakho isiseko se-IT yenyani usebenzisa isoftware yamva nje!

IUPS: Abasebenzisi be-Ubuntu 19.10 baya kukwazi ukunyusela kwi-20.04 ngoku, kwaye abasebenzisi be-Ubuntu 18.04 baya kukwazi ukuphucula emva kokukhululwa kwe-20.04.1, ecwangciselwe ukukhululwa ngoJulayi 23, 2020.

umthombo: www.habr.com