UHedy Lamarr wayengengowokuqala ukwenza ifilimu ehamba ze kunye nenkohliso ye-orgasm kwikhamera, kodwa waqulunqa inkqubo yonxibelelwano lukanomathotholo ngokhuseleko ekuthinteleni.
Ndicinga ukuba ingqondo yabantu inomdla ngakumbi kunenkangeleko yabo.
- watsho umlingisi waseHollywood kunye nomqambi uHedy Lamarr ngo-1990, iminyaka eyi-10 ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe.
U-Hedy Lamarr ngumdlali we-actress othakazelisayo we-40s yenkulungwane edlulileyo, owathi waziwa kwihlabathi kungekhona nje ngenxa yenkangeleko yakhe eqaqambileyo kunye nomsebenzi oyimpumelelo, kodwa nangenxa yezakhono zakhe ezibalaseleyo zengqondo.
U-Hedy, uhlala ebhidekile kwiifoto kunye nobunye ubuhle be-cinematic yenkulungwane yama-20, uVivien Leigh (i-Scarlett, uhambe nomoya), wanika ihlabathi amandla onxibelelwano lwe-spectrum (esivumela ukuba sisebenzise iiselfowuni kunye ne-Wi-Fi namhlanje).
UVivien Leigh kunye noHedy Lamarr
Ubomi kunye nomsebenzi walo mfazi ungaqhelekanga kwakungekho lula, kodwa kwangaxeshanye kumnandi kwaye kuyamangalisa.
UHedy Lamarr, owazalwa nguHedwig Eva Maria Kiesler, wazalwa ngoNovemba 9, 1914 eVienna, eOstriya, kwintsapho yamaYuda yomdlali wepiyano uGertrud Lichtwitz kunye nomlawuli webhanki uEmil Kiesler. Unina wayengowaseBudapest, yaye uyise wayephuma kwintsapho yamaYuda ehlala eLviv.
Ukususela ebuntwaneni, intombazana iye yabamba wonke umntu ngobuchule bakhe kunye neetalente. Wafunda i-ballet, waya kwisikolo sedrama, wadlala ipiyano, kwaye intombazana encinci nayo yafunda izibalo. Ekubeni intsapho yakowabo yayizizityebi, kwakungekho mfuneko yokuba asebenze esemncinane, kodwa phezu kwako nje oku, uHedy walishiya ikhaya labazali bakhe eneminyaka eli-16 ubudala waza waya kwisikolo sedrama. Kwangelo xesha, eneminyaka eyi-17, waqala ukwenza iifilimu, emenza ukuba aqale ngo-1930 kwifilimu yaseJamani ethi “Girls in a Nightclub.” Waqhubeka nomsebenzi wakhe wefilimu, esebenza kwiifilimu zaseJamani naseCzechoslovakian.
Ukuqala komsebenzi wakhe kwaba yimpumelelo kakhulu, kodwa kule minyaka mithathu izayo wayengomnye nje abaninzi, ifilimu Czechoslovak-Austrian "Ecstasy" nguGustav Machaty wamzisela udumo ehlabathini lonke. Ifilimu ye-1933 yayivuselela kwaye iphikisana.
Umboniso wemizuzu elishumi wokuqubha uhamba ze kwichibi lehlathi umsulwa ngokwemigangatho yenkulungwane yama-21, kodwa ngaloo minyaka ubangele uqhwithela lweemvakalelo. Kwamanye amazwe, ifilimu yade yavalwa ukuba ingaboniswa, yaza yakhululwa kwiminyaka embalwa kamva ngokuhlolwa.
UHedy Lamarr kwifilimu ethi Ecstasy, ngo-1933
I-hype ejikeleze ifilimu kunye nomsindo ovuthayo kwicala lecawe wadlala ezandleni zomdlali we-actress, njengoko ngenxa yoku waba nodumo. Ngaloo mzuzu, i-scandal ayizange ibangelwe bunqunu ngokwayo, kodwa ngumbono we-orgasm yokuqala efanisiweyo kwimbali ye-cinema, edlalwa ngokukholisayo yintombazana, eyabangela ukuqhuma okukhulu kweemvakalelo. Umdlali we-actress wathi kamva umlawuli wambethelela ngepini yokhuseleko ngexesha lokufota umfanekiso ovuselela inkanuko ukuze izandi ezenziweyo zibonakale zikholeleka.
Emva kwefilimu ehlazo, abazali benza konke okusemandleni abo ukuba batshate intombi yabo ngokukhawuleza. Umyeni wokuqala kaHedy wayengumAustria uFritz Mandl, umenzi wezixhobo zemillionaire owayexhasa amaNazi waza wavelisa izixhobo kwi-Third Reich. Ngoxa wayehamba nomyeni wakhe ukuya kwiintlanganiso kunye neenkomfa, uHedy waphulaphula ngenyameko kwaye wakhumbula yonke into eyayithethwa ngamadoda - kwaye iingxoxo zabo ngelo xesha zazinomdla kakhulu, kuba iilebhu zokuvelisa zaseMandl zazisebenza ekudaleni izixhobo ezilawulwa ngunomathotholo zamaNazi. Kodwa le nyaniso "yadutshulwa" kamva.
Umyeni wabonakala engumntu okhohlakeleyo, kwaye wayenomona ngaye wonke umntu odibana naye. Kwaphela ngomfazi omncinci evalelwe ngokoqobo "kwindlwana yegolide", engakwazi ukwenza iifilimu, aze adibane nabahlobo. Wazama ukuthenga zonke iikopi ze-“Ecstasy” kwirenti yaseVienna. Umtshato obuhlungu wathatha iminyaka emine, kodwa, engakwazi ukuthwala isimo sengqondo esinjalo kuye, umfazi ongonwabanga womzi ocebileyo kunye nonamandla omenzi wezixhobo ezinzulwini zobusuku, sele enike intombazana iipilisi zokulala kwaye enxibe iimpahla zakhe, uyasinda. ukusuka endlwini ngebhayisekile kwaye ukhwele inqanawa yaseNormandy.
Wafudukela eUnited States ngaphambi kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II yaye, kwinqanawa eyayisuka eLondon isiya eNew York, wadibana nentloko yesitudiyo seMGM (Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer), uLouis Mayer. U-Lamarr wayethetha isiNgesi esincinci, nto leyo yayiyinto enhle, njengoko wayekwazi ukusayina isivumelwano esinengeniso sokudlala kwiifilimu zaseHollywood.
Ukuze ungabangeli imibutho engadingekile phakathi koluntu lwe-puritanical yaseMelika, uthatha i-pseudonym, eboleka kumdlali we-MGM uBarbara La Marr, owayeyintandokazi kaMeyer, owafa ngo-1926 ngenxa yentliziyo eyaphukileyo ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi.
Inqanaba elitsha lomsebenzi wakhe lityhileka ngempumelelo. Ngethuba lomsebenzi wakhe eHollywood, umdlali we-actress wadlala kwiifilimu ezidumileyo njenge "Algiers" (1938, indima kaGabi), "iLady in the Tropics" (1939, indima kaManon de Vernet), kunye nokulungiswa kwefilimu kaJ. Steinbeck "I-Tortilla Flat" (ngo-1942, umlawuli uVictor Fleming, indima kaDolores Ramirez), "Uvavanyo oluyingozi" (1944), "umfazi ongaqhelekanga" (1946) kunye nefilimu ye-epic kaCecil de Mille "uSamson noDelila" (1949). Ukubonakala kokugqibela kwisikrini kwakukho kwifilimu ethi "Isilwanyana sasetyhini" (1958, indima kaVanessa Windsor).
Kwanento yokuba ngeli xesha uLamarr waba ngumama wabantwana abathathu ayizange iphazamise imisebenzi yakhe yokudlala. Liyinyaniso elokuba, le nkcazelo iyangqubana kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo, ekubeni mhlawumbi omnye umntwana wayengengonyana wakhe.
UHedy wayishiya iMetro-Goldwyn-Mayer ngowe-1945. Lilonke, uHedy Lamarr uzuze i-30 yezigidi zeedola ngokufota.
Ubuhle baseViennese bafumana ubomi eBeverly Hills kwaye bahlikihla ingqiniba kunye nosaziwayo abafana noJohn F. Kennedy kunye noHoward Hughes, owambonelela ngezixhobo zokuqhuba imifuniselo kwinqwelwana yakhe xa engafotayo. Kwakukule meko yenzululwazi apho uLamarr wafumana ubizo lwakhe lokwenyani.
UHedy Lamarr wayengumfazi onothando, onomdla kunye noguquguqukayo owayesoloko eziva efuna izinto ezintsha. Akumangalisi ukuba ukongeza kumaqabane akhe asemthethweni, kwaye kwakukho abathandathu kubo bonke ubomi bakhe, umdlali we-actress wayenabathandi abaninzi.
Kwiminyaka emibini emva kokubaleka umyeni wakhe wokuqala, uLamarr waphinda watshata. Umyeni wesibini wayengumbhali wesikrini kunye nomvelisi uGene Macri, wayemthanda umfazi wakhe, kodwa uHedy wayengathandani naye. Nangona wayenomyeni onothando, kwangaxeshanye waqala ukuthandana nomdlali uJohn Lauder waza wazala naye umntwana (njengoko eminye imithombo ingxelo). UMacri wavuma ukwamkela unyana kaHedi kuba wayengenako ukucinga ubomi bakhe ngaphandle kwalo mfazi utofotofo. Nangona kunjalo, emva kweminyaka embalwa, wayesaqhawula umtshato, kwaye uLamarr waqala ukuhlala noyise womntwana wakhe, uJohn Loder, abathe bawenza ngokusesikweni ubudlelwane babo.
Umtshato wesithathu womdlali we-actress wahlala iminyaka emi-4. Ngeli xesha, wazala Loder abanye abantwana ababini: unyana nentombi. Yaye ngowe-1947 wavakalisa umnqweno wokuqhawula umtshato. Emva koko, kwalandela eminye imitshato emithathu esemthethweni: kunye nomthengisi kunye nomculi uTeddy Stouffer (1951-1952), indoda yeoli uWilliam Howard Lee (1953-1960) kunye negqwetha uLewis Boyes (1963-1965).
Njengoko sibona, ikamva likaHedy Lamarr lalingelona limnandi kakhulu. Imitshato emithandathu ayizange imenze onwabe. Ubudlelwane nabantwana abathathu nabo babukude kakhulu.
Edla ngokubizwa ngokuba "ngoyena mfazi umhle kwiimuvi", ubuhle bukaHedy Lamarr kunye nobukho besikrini bamenza ukuba abe ngomnye wabadlali badumileyo bexesha lakhe.
Ewe, umsebenzi kaLamarr wokubambela wamenza waduma, kodwa yayingumsebenzi wakhe wenzululwazi owamzisela ukungafi kokwenyani.
Ngokungathi ukuba ngumdlali weqonga omhle, onetalente kwakunganelanga, uHedy wayekrelekrele kakhulu kwaye eyiyile. Wayezazi kakuhle izibalo kwaye, ngemigudu yomyeni wakhe wokuqala, wayezazi kakuhle izixhobo.
Izakhono zakhe kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo zavuselelwa yintlanganiso kunye nomqambi we-avant-garde kunye nomqambi uGeorge Antheil. Emva kokuthetha nomdlali we-actress ngenye imini, wafumanisa ukuba umntu owayethetha naye wayehlakaniphile kunokuba wayebonakala.
ULamarr wayeyithanda indlela awayesebenzisa ngayo izixhobo ezingaqhelekanga kunye namalungiselelo kumculo wakhe kwaye wayethanda ukunkcunkca kunye nokuyila okuninzi, njengoko wenzayo. UHedy waphefumlelwa yindlela yakhe yokusebenzisa iiteyiphu ezininzi ezikhatywayo kwipiyano yoomatshini, evumela ukudlala kwakhona ukuba kutshintshelwe kwesinye isixhobo ukuya kwesinye ngaphandle kokuchaphazela umculo (ngokoqobo, “ngaphandle kokuphulukana nesingqi esinye”). Emva kwexesha, baye baphumelela ilungelo elilodwa lomenzi wetekhnoloji ekrelekrele ye-pseudo-random frequency hopping (PRFC), equka umbono okhankanyiweyo wokusebenzisa iiteyiphu zephepha elikhutshiweyo ukukhusela amaza kanomathotholo kwi-jamming. Kanye njengokuba ungqamaniso olunyamekileyo lweeteyiphu ezikhatywayo luqinisekisa ukuqhubeka komculo odlalwa kwiipiyano ezahlukeneyo, umqondiso werediyo utshintsha ukusuka kwesinye isitishi ukuya kwesinye.
Lo mbono kamva waba ngundoqo wonxibelelwano olukhuselekileyo lwasemkhosini kunye nobuchwepheshe befowuni ephathwayo. NgoAgasti 1942, yena kunye nomqambi uGeorge Antheil bafumana inombolo yelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza 2, “Inkqubo yoNxibelelwano olufihlakeleyo,” evumela ukulawulwa kude kweetorpedoes. Ixabiso letekhnoloji ye-frequency hopping yaxatyiswa kuphela kwiminyaka emininzi kamva. Umdla wokwenziwa kolu yilo wawungumyalezo omalunga nenqanawa yokufuduka eyatshona ngoSeptemba 292, 387, apho kwasweleka abantwana abangama-17. Ubuchule bakhe obumangalisayo kwisayensi echanekileyo bamvumela ukuba avelise iinkcukacha ezininzi zobugcisa kwiincoko malunga nezixhobo umyeni wakhe wokuqala wayenabo kunye noogxa bakhe.
Bekunye noGeorge, baqalisa ukuqulunqa i-torpedo elawulwa ngunomathotholo, ulawulo olungenakuthintelwa okanye luxinzelelwe. U-Lamarr wabelane ngombono obaluleke kakhulu kunye no-Antheil: ukuba unxibelelana ukude nolungelelwaniso lwethagethi kwi-torpedo elawulwayo kwi-frequency enye, ngoko utshaba lunokuthintela ngokulula umqondiso, luyifake okanye luqondise kwakhona i-torpedo kwenye itekeni, kwaye ukuba usebenzisa ikhowudi engaqhelekanga kwi-transmitter eya kutshintsha itshaneli yothumelo, emva koko Unokwenza ungqamaniso lweenguqu ezifanayo kumamkeli. Olu tshintsho lwamajelo onxibelelwano luqinisekisa ukukhutshelwa okukhuselekileyo kolwazi. Kude kube lelo xesha, iikhowudi ezingeyonyani zazisetyenziselwa ukufihla ulwazi olusasazwa kumajelo onxibelelwano angatshintshiyo. Nantsi inyathelo eliya phambili lenzeka: isitshixo esiyimfihlo saqala ukusetyenziswa ekutshintsheni ngokukhawuleza amajelo okusasaza ulwazi.
Isicwangciso esivela kwi-patent ka-1942. Umfanekiso: Flickr / Umgangatho, onelayisensi phantsi kweCC BY-SA 2.0. (Umfanekiso osuka kwilungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza ka-1942. Umfanekiso: Flickr/Mgangatho, usasazwe phantsi kwelayisensi yeCC BY-SA 2.0.)
Umbono wokuqala, ojolise ekusombululeni ingxaki yotshaba lwemijukujelwa elawulwa ngonomathotholo ngexesha leMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi, ibandakanye kwangaxeshanye ukuguqula amaza onomathotholo ukuthintela iintshaba ekubhaqeni umqondiso. Wayefuna ukunika ilizwe lakhe ithuba lokungenela umkhosi. Ngelixa itekhnoloji yelo xesha ekuqaleni yayiyithintele imbono ukuba ingafezeki, ukufika kwe-transistor kunye nokucutheka kwayo okwalandelayo kwenza imbono kaHedy ibaluleke kakhulu kunxibelelwano lomkhosi kunye nolweselula.
Nangona kunjalo, uMkhosi waManzi waseMelika wayigatya le projekthi ngenxa yobunzima bokuphunyezwa kwayo, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwayo okulinganiselwe kwaqala kuphela ngo-1962, ngoko ke abaqambi abazange bafumane mali yokuhlawula. Kodwa isiqingatha senkulungwane kamva, le patent yaba sisiseko sonxibelelwano lwe-spectrum, olusetyenziswa namhlanje kuyo yonke into ukusuka kwiiselfowuni ukuya kwi-Wi-Fi.
"Kulula kum ukuyila," utshilo uLamarr kwi "Bombshell." "Akufuneki ndicinge ngeengcinga, ziza kum."
Kodwa ngokutsho koxwebhu olutsha malunga nobomi bakhe, ukucinga ngobuchule lelona lifa lakhe likhulu. Ibizwa ngokuba yiBombshell: Ibali likaHedy Lamarr. Ifilimu ichaza ngelungelo lomenzi elifakwe nguLamarr kwitekhnoloji ye-frequency hopping ngo-1941, isandulela sokukhusela i-Wi-Fi, iGPS kunye neBluetooth. I-Frequency hopping spectrum ngomnye wemiba ebaluleke kakhulu yeKhowudi yeCandelo loFikelelo oluninzi (CDMA), esetyenziswa kuninzi lobuchwepheshe esibusebenzisayo namhlanje. Enye yeyokuqala yiGPS, oyisebenzisa rhoqo xa ujonga indawo okuyo kwimephu ye-smartphone yakho. Iifowuni eziphathwayo nazo zasebenzisa i-CDMA kwiimpawu zefowuni, kwaye ukuba ukhe wakhuphela nantoni na kwinethiwekhi ye-3G, uye wasebenzisa iteknoloji esekelwe kwimveliso ye-Lamarr kunye ne-Antheil. Itekhnoloji yokutsiba rhoqo isisijikelezile, kulula ukuyithabatha lula, kodwa uyilo belufanele ukunconywa kunye nentlonipho ngenxa yokuyila kunye nokusungula izinto.
Nangona kunjalo, uLamarr akazange afumane udumo kunye nembuyekezo eyifaneleyo ngeengcamango zakhe. Ilungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza, awalifaka kumqambi uGeorge Antheil, wayefuna ukukhusela imveliso yabo yasemkhosini kunxibelelwano lukanomathotholo olunokuthi "luxhumeke" ukusuka kwesinye isihlandlo ukuya kwelinye ukuthintela amaNazi ekubhaqeni ii-Allied torpedoes. Ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje, uLamarr okanye ubutyebi bakhe akafumananga penny kushishino lwebhiliyoni zeedola apho umbono wakhe wavula indlela, nangona umkhosi wase-US uvume esidlangalaleni ukutsiba ipatent kunye negalelo kwitekhnoloji.
Umsebenzi kaLamarr njengomqambi awuzange upapashwe ngeminyaka yoo-1940. Kukongamela ukuba umlawuli weBombshell kunye nomseki weMifanekiso ehlaziyiweyo u-Alexandra Dean ukholelwa ukuba iyahambelana nebali elimxinwa lenkwenkwezi bhanyabhanya ngezo mini.
UNjingalwazi uJan-Christopher Horak, umlawuli we-UCLA Film and Television Archive, uthi kwi-Bombshell ukuba umphathi we-studio ye-MGM uLouis B. Mayer, owasayina okokuqala uLamarr kwinkontileka yaseHollywood, wabona abafazi bechazwa kwiindidi ezimbini: mhlawumbi babekhohlisa, okanye kwakufuneka babekwe phezu kwesiseko kwaye banconywe kude. Unjingalwazi uHorak ukholelwa ukuba ibhinqa elinomtsalane kunye nelinencasa yayingeyiyo le nto uMayer wayezimisele ukuyamkela okanye ayinike kubaphulaphuli.
Le mpumelelo yezobuchwepheshe ekhangayo, edibene netalente yakhe yokudlala kunye nomgangatho weenkwenkwezi, yenza "ibhinqa elihle kakhulu kwifilimu" enye yabasetyhini abanomdla kunye nabanengqondo kwishishini lefilimu.
“ULouis B. Mayer wahlulahlula ihlabathi laba ziindidi ezimbini zamabhinqa: iMadonna nehenyukazi. Andiqondi ukuba wayekhe wakholelwa ukuba wayeyinto enye ngaphandle kwale yokugqibela, ”utshilo uHorak kwifilimu, ebhekisa kuLamarr.
UGqr Simon Naik, uSihlalo we-Branding kwiSikolo soShishino lwe-ESSEC eParis kunye noMfo wangaphambili kwiSikolo soShishino saseHarvard, uyavuma ukuba iHollywood pigeonholes abafazi. UDkt. Naik ufundisa i-Power Brand Anthropology kwi-ESSEC kwaye uyingcali ekusebenziseni i-archetypes yabasetyhini kwiintengiso nakwimidiya.
NgokukaGqr. Naik, abafazi babekwe njengenye yezinto ezintathu zakudala: ukumkanikazi onamandla nokrelekrele, inkosazana ehendayo, okanye i-femme fatale, edityaniswe zombini. Uthi ezi archetypes zibuyela kwiintsomi zamaGrike kwaye zisasetyenziselwa ukubonisa abafazi kwimidiya kunye neentengiso. UGqr. Nick uthi "i-femme fatale" luhlobo angena kulo umqambi omhle, okrelekrele uLamarr, kwaye abasetyhini abaneenkalo ezininzi badla ngokubonwa njengabayingozi kakhulu.
"Unamandla, u-sexy, kodwa umfazi ohlakaniphile ... Oko kuyoyikisa kakhulu kubafana abaninzi," kusho uDkt Naik. "Ubonisa nje indlela esibuthathaka ngayo."
UGqr. Naik uphawula ukuba ngokwembali, abasetyhini babekwe kumajelo eendaba ngaphakathi kwexesha elidala, isakhelo esine-dimensional eyodwa eyenziwe ngokwembono yamadoda. Ngaphakathi kwesi sikhokelo, abafazi abanetalente ezininzi njengoLamarr bahlala bexatyiswa kuphela ngenxa yomzimba wabo kunokuba babe namandla okucinga, ukuyila kunye nokudala. Olu lwazi malunga nokukhubazeka kwabasetyhini kulindeleke ukuba lufikelele kubabukeli abanomdla kwihlabathi jikelele.
UGqr. Naik uthi: “Imeko yamabhinqa iphantse ifane neyezinto zokudlala. “Abanalo ilungelo lokuvota. Yiyo kanye ingxaki leyo.”
Ngoko ke, uDkt Nick akamangalisi ukuba imisebenzi yezorhwebo kaLamarr ekuveliseni nasekulawuleni iifilimu ayizange ixhaswe kwi-1940. Okanye ukuba kuthathe amashumi eminyaka ukuba ibali likaLamar liguquke ukuze limnike imbeko emfaneleyo njengomqambi awayenguye.
Intombi kaLamarr, uDenise Loder, inebhongo ngengqondo kanina yokuqamba kunye nomsebenzi awenzileyo kuwo wonke umsebenzi wakhe wokutyhala imida yendlela abonwa ngayo abantu basetyhini. Uqaphela ukuba umama wakhe wayengomnye wabasetyhini bokuqala ukuba nenkampani yemveliso kwaye abalise amabali ngokwembono yabasetyhini.
“Wayengaphambi kwexesha lakhe xa wayengumntu wabasetyhini,” utshilo uLoder kwiBombshell.
(“Ibhombu”). Akazange abizwe ngolo hlobo, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo wayebizwa njalo.
Kwathatha ixesha elide, kodwa uLamarr kunye no-Antheil ngoku baziwa ngokubanzi njengabaqambi be-frequency hopping, eyakhokelela kuphuhliso lwe-Wi-Fi, iBluetooth kunye ne-GPS. Ngo-1997, xa uLamarr wayeneminyaka engama-82 ubudala, i-Electronic Frontier Foundation yamwonga ngeembasa ezimbini zempumelelo.
ULamarr wayengacingi kwaye engazicingeli ekrelekrele kunabo babemngqongileyo. Endaweni yoko, sisimo sakhe sengqondo kunye nembono yakhe kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zobomi ezimenza ahluke kwabanye. Wabuza imibuzo. Wayefuna ukuphucula izinto. Wayezibona iingxaki kwaye wayesazi ukuba zifuna ukusonjululwa. Abanye abantu ebomini bakhe babecinga ukuba esi sisimo sengqondo esingafanelekanga, yaye wayesoloko egxekwa ngokuba yinkwenkwezi enzima. Kodwa uLamarr wenza kanye le nto ebeyifuna, ngoko waphumelela ngokucacileyo. Yaye waphumelela njani? Njengoko watshoyo kwiPopcorn eParadesi: Ndiphumelele kuba ndafunda kwiminyaka eyadlulayo ukuba lowo woyika ukulahlekelwa yimali uhlala elahlekile. Andikhathali, yiyo loo nto ndiphumelela.
Wafa kwiminyaka emithathu kamva.
Kunyaka ophelileyo, iQela loLonwabo lweDijithali, umbutho waseMelika oxhasa kwaye ukhuthaze amaqonga okuzonwabisa, wawonga uGeena Davis ngembasa yeHedy Lamarr yokutsha kushishino lokuzonwabisa ngomsebenzi wakhe kwimiba yesini nakwimidiya. Eli wonga liwonga abasetyhini abenze igalelo elibalulekileyo kushishino lwezolonwabo nobuchwepheshe.
Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, uLamarr wayengumxholo weGoogle Doodle.
Ngoko ukuba ufunda oku kwifowuni yakho, cinga ngomfazi oye wanceda ukuba kwenzeke.
Umlinganiswa kaHedy owayenengxabano kunye nodidi oluphakathi wamxabanisa nayo yonke iHollywood kwaye wamenza ukuba angabikho grata kwizangqa zefilimu. ULamarr wadlala kwiifilimu de kwangowe-1958, emva koko wagqiba kwelokuba athathe ikhefu elide. Ngeli xesha, wabhala i-autobiography yakhe, i-Ecstasy kunye nam, kunye nombhali wesikrini uLeo Guild kunye nentatheli uCy Rice. Le ncwadi, eyapapashwa ngo-1966, yayiyimpembelelo kumsebenzi we-actress.
Lo msebenzi wawusithi le ntwazana inesifo senymphomania kwaye ikwalala namadoda nabafazi. Ezi nkcukacha zabangela ukugwetywa okunomsindo phakathi koluntu lwaseHollywood. Umqambi waphika zonke iziqwenga ezihlazo zale ncwadi, ebanga ukuba zongezwa ngasese ngababhali-bambisene nabo, kodwa emva kwehlazo akazange anikwe indima yeenkwenkwezi.
Emva koko, umdlali we-actress oneminyaka engama-52 ubudala wazama ukubuyela kwisikrini, kodwa oku kuthintelwe yiphulo lokuxhatshazwa eliqaliswe kuye. Umlingiswa wakhe othanda ukuxabana, ongqwabalala kunye nomkhwa wokuvakalisa ngokuphandle izimvo ezingathandekiyo malunga neHollywood kunye nokuziphatha kwayo kwahlanganisa iintshaba ezininzi ezinempembelelo kumdlali weqonga.
Ngo-1997, uLamarr wawongwa ngokusemthethweni ngokufunyanwa kwakhe, kodwa umdlali weqonga akazange abekho kulo msitho, kodwa wathumela irekhodi elirekhodiweyo kwintetho yakhe yokwamkela.
Ebudaleni bakhe, uHedy wayephila ubomi obulolo yaye akazange athethe namntu ngokuthe ngqo, ekhetha ukuncokola ngefowuni.
Ngokubanzi, iminyaka yokugqibela kaHedy Lamarr yayingonwabanga kakhulu, izaliswe ngamahlazo kunye nentlebendwane embi, kwaye isizungu kakhulu.
Wawachitha kwikhaya labalupheleyo, apho wafela khona eneminyaka engama-86 ubudala.
Umdlali we-actress wasweleka eCasselberry, eFlorida ngoJanuwari 19, 2000. Unobangela wokufa kukaLamarr yayisisifo sentliziyo. Ngokomyolelo, unyana ka-Anthony Loder wasasaza uthuthu lukanina e-Austria, eVienna Woods.
Ukufaneleka kukaHedy Lamarr kunye noGeorge Antheil baqatshelwa ngokusemthethweni kuphela kwi-2014: amagama abo afakwe kwi-US National Inventors Hall of Fame.
Ngegalelo lakhe kunye nempumelelo yakhe kwi-cinema, uHedy Lamarr wawongwa inkwenkwezi kwiHollywood Walk of Fame.
Kwaye ngomhla wokuzalwa we-actress, ngoNovemba 9, uSuku lwe-Inventor lubhiyozelwa kumazwe athetha isiJamani.
Imithombo:
Enkosi ngokuhlala nathi. Ngaba uyawathanda amanqaku ethu? Ngaba ufuna ukubona umxholo onomdla ngakumbi? Sixhase ngokufaka iodolo okanye ngokucebisa abahlobo, I-30% isaphulelo kubasebenzisi beHabr kwi-analogue ekhethekileyo yeeseva zomgangatho wokungena, eyenzelwe wena: (ifumaneka nge-RAID1 kunye ne-RAID10, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-24 cores kunye ne-40GB DDR4).
I-Dell R730xd 2 amaxesha aphantsi? Kuphela apha eNetherlands! Dell R420 - 2x E5-2430 2.2Ghz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB - ukusuka $99! Funda malunga
umthombo: www.habr.com