Sawubona!
Igama lam nguMikhail, ndinguSekela Mlawuli we-IT kwinkampani ye-Sportmaster. Ndifuna ukwabelana ngebali ngendlela esiye sajongana ngayo nemiceli mngeni eye yavela ngexesha lobhubhane.
Kwiintsuku zokuqala zezinto zokwenyani ezintsha, ifomathi yesiqhelo yokurhweba ngaphandle kwe-intanethi ye-Sportmaster iqhwale, kunye nomthwalo kwisitishi sethu se-intanethi, ngokuyinhloko malunga nokuhanjiswa kwidilesi yomxhasi, yanda amaxesha angama-10. Kwiiveki nje ezimbalwa, siguqule ishishini elikhulu elingaxhunyiwe kwi-intanethi laba lele-intanethi kwaye sahlengahlengisa inkonzo ngokweemfuno zabathengi bethu.
Ngokusisiseko, eyona nto yayiyimisebenzi yethu esecaleni yaba lishishini lethu eliphambili. Ukubaluleka kwayo yonke iodolo ye-intanethi kunyuke kakhulu. Kwakuyimfuneko ukugcina yonke i-ruble ukuba umthengi wayizisa kwinkampani.
Ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza izicelo zabathengi, savula iziko elongezelelweyo loqhagamshelwano kwiofisi enkulu yenkampani, kwaye ngoku sinokufumana iifowuni ze-285 zamawaka ngeveki. Kwangaxeshanye, sihambise iivenkile ezingama-270 kwifomati entsha yokungaqhagamshelwa kunye nekhuselekileyo yokusebenza, eyavumela abathengi ukuba bafumane iiodolo kunye nabasebenzi ukuba bagcine imisebenzi yabo.
Ngexesha lenkqubo yenguqu, siye sadibana neengxaki ezimbini eziphambili. Okokuqala, umthwalo kwizixhobo zethu ze-intanethi uye wanda kakhulu (uSergey uya kukuxelela indlela esenze ngayo oku). Okwesibini, ukuhamba kwemisebenzi enqabileyo (yangaphambi kwe-COVID) yonyuke kaninzi, nto leyo ethe yafuna isixa esikhulu se-automation ekhawulezileyo. Ukusombulula le ngxaki, kwafuneka sitshintshe ngokukhawuleza izibonelelo ezivela kwiindawo ezaziphambili ngaphambili. U-Elena uya kukuxelela indlela esiye sahlangabezana ngayo nale nto.
Ukusebenza kweenkonzo ze-intanethi
U-Kolesnikov Sergey, ojongene nokusebenza kwevenkile ye-intanethi kunye ne-microservices
Ukususela oko iivenkile zethu zokuthengisa zaqala ukuvala iindwendwe, saqala ukurekhoda ukunyuka kweemetriki ezifana nenani labasebenzisi, inani lee-odolo ezifakwe kwisicelo sethu, kunye nenani lezicelo kwizicelo.
Inani lee-odolo ukusuka kwi-18 kaMatshi ukuya kwi-31 kaMatshiInani lezicelo kwiinkonzo ezincinci zeentlawulo ze-intanethiInani lee-odolo ezifakwe kwiwebhusayithi
Kwigrafu yokuqala sibona ukuba ukwanda kwakumalunga namaxesha angama-14, okwesibini - amaxesha ama-4. Sithathela ingqalelo ixesha lokuphendula imetric yezicelo zethu njengesona sikhombisi.
Kule grafu sibona impendulo ye-fronts kunye nezicelo, kwaye ngokwethu sizimisele ukuba asiqaphelanga naluphi na ukukhula ngolo hlobo.
Oku kungenxa yokuba siqale umsebenzi wokulungiselela ekupheleni kuka-2019. Ngoku iinkonzo zethu zigcinwe, ukunyamezela impazamo kuqinisekiswa kwinqanaba leeseva eziphathekayo, iinkqubo ze-virtualization, i-dockers, kunye neenkonzo kuzo. Ngexesha elifanayo, umthamo wemithombo yethu yomncedisi uvumela ukuba simelane nemithwalo emininzi.
Esona sixhobo esisincedileyo kweli bali yinkqubo yethu yokubeka iliso. Kuyinyani, kude kube mva nje besingenayo inkqubo enye ebinokusivumela ukuba siqokelele iimetrics kuzo zonke iileya, ukusuka kwinqanaba lezixhobo ezibonakalayo kunye nehardware ukuya kwinqanaba leemethrikhi zeshishini.
Ngokusesikweni, kwakukho iliso kwinkampani, kodwa njengomthetho yasasazwa kwaye yayikwindawo yoxanduva lwamasebe athile. Enyanisweni, xa isiganeko senzeka, phantse asizange sibe nokuqonda okufanayo malunga nokuba kwenzeke ntoni kanye kanye, kwakungekho nxibelelwano, kwaye oku ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwakukhokelela ekugijimeni kwizangqa ukukhangela kunye nokuhlukanisa ingxaki ukuze ilungiswe.
Ngexesha elithile, sacinga kwaye sagqiba ekubeni sanele ukunyamezela oku - sifuna inkqubo edibeneyo yokubona umfanekiso wonke ngokupheleleyo. Iiteknoloji eziphambili ezibandakanyiweyo kwi-stack yethu yi-Zabbix njengeziko lokulumkisa kunye nokugcinwa kweemetriki, i-Prometheus yokuqokelela kunye nokugcina i-metrics yesicelo, i-Stack ELK yokungena kunye nokugcina idatha kuyo yonke inkqubo yokubeka iliso, kunye ne-Grafana yokujonga, i-Swagger, i-Docker kunye nezinye izinto eziluncedo kunye nezinto eziqhelekileyo kuwe.
Kwangaxeshanye, asisebenzisi kuphela itekhnoloji ekhoyo kwimarike, kodwa sikwaphuhlisa ezethu. Ngokomzekelo, senza iinkonzo zokudibanisa iinkqubo kunye nomnye, oko kukuthi, uhlobo oluthile lwe-API yokuqokelela i-metrics. Kwaye sisebenza kwiinkqubo zethu zokubeka iliso - kwinqanaba leemetriki zeshishini sisebenzisa iimvavanyo ze-UI. Kwaye kunye ne-bot kwiTelegram ukwazisa amaqela.
Sikwazama ukwenza inkqubo yokubeka iliso ifikeleleke kumaqela ukuze akwazi ukugcina ngokuzimeleyo kwaye asebenze kunye neemetrics zawo, kubandakanywa ukuseta izilumkiso kwezinye iimetriki ezimxinwa ezingasetyenziswanga ngokubanzi.
Kuyo yonke le nkqubo, sizama ukusebenza kunye nokufakwa kwezehlo kwindawo ngokukhawuleza. Ukongeza, inani lee-microservices kunye neenkqubo zethu zikhule kakhulu mva nje, kwaye inani lokudityaniswa likhule ngokufanelekileyo. Kwaye njengenxalenye yokuphucula inkqubo yokuxilongwa kweziganeko kwinqanaba lokudityaniswa, siphuhlisa inkqubo ekuvumela ukuba wenze uhlolo lwenkqubo enqamlezayo kwaye ubonise isiphumo, esikuvumela ukuba ufumane iingxaki eziphambili ezinxulumene nokungeniswa ngaphandle kunye nokusebenzisana kweenkqubo kunye.
Ewe kunjalo, sisenendawo yokukhula nokuphuhlisa ngokwemigaqo yenkqubo yokusebenza, kwaye sisebenza ngokukhutheleyo koku. Unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nenkqubo yethu yokubeka iliso .
Iimvavanyo zobugcisa
U-Orlov Sergey, ukhokela iziko lobuchule kuphuhliso lwewebhu kunye neselula
Oko kwaqala ukuvalwa kwevenkile ebonakalayo, siye sajongana nemiceli mngeni eyahlukeneyo ngokwembono yophuhliso. Okokuqala, umthwalo uyanyuka ngolo hlobo. Kucacile ukuba ukuba amanyathelo afanelekileyo awathathwa, ngoko xa umthwalo ophezulu usetyenziswa kwinkqubo, unokujika ube yithanga nge-bang edabukisayo, okanye uthobe ngokupheleleyo ekusebenzeni, okanye ulahlekelwe ngumsebenzi wayo.
Inkalo yesibini, incinci ecacileyo, kukuba inkqubo ephantsi komthwalo ophezulu kwafuneka itshintshwe ngokukhawuleza, ilungele utshintsho kwiinkqubo zoshishino. Ngamanye amaxesha amaxesha amaninzi ngosuku. Iinkampani ezininzi zinomgaqo wokuba ukuba kukho umsebenzi omningi wokuthengisa, akukho mfuneko yokwenza naluphi na utshintsho kwinkqubo. Akukho konke konke, yivumele isebenze logama nje isebenza.
Kwaye ngokwenyani sasinoLwesihlanu oMnyama ongenasiphelo, apho kwakuyimfuneko ukutshintsha inkqubo. Kwaye nayiphi na impazamo, ingxaki, okanye ukungaphumeleli kwinkqubo kuya kuba yindleko enkulu kwishishini.
Ukujonga phambili, ndiza kuthetha ukuba sikwazile ukujamelana nolu vavanyo, zonke iinkqubo zixhathise umthwalo, zilinganiswe ngokulula, kwaye asizange sibe nakufumana nakuphi na ukungaphumeleli kobugcisa behlabathi.
Kukho iintsika ezine apho amandla enkqubo yokumelana nemithwalo ephezulu yokunyuka aphumle. Eyokuqala kuzo kukubeka iliso, ofunde ngayo apha ngasentla. Ngaphandle kwenkqubo yokuhlola eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi, phantse akunakwenzeka ukufumana imiqobo yenkqubo. Inkqubo elungileyo yokuhlola ifana nempahla yasekhaya, kufuneka ikhululeke kwaye ilungiselelwe wena.
Inkalo yesibini kukuvavanya. Sithatha le ngongoma nzulu kakhulu: sibhala iiyunithi zakudala, iimvavanyo zokudibanisa, iimvavanyo zomthwalo kunye nezinye ezininzi kwinkqubo nganye. Siphinde sibhale isicwangciso sokuvavanya, kwaye kwangaxeshanye sizama ukunyusa izinga lovavanyo ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba lokuba asisadingi ukuhlolwa ngesandla.
Intsika yesithathu yi-CI/CD Pipeline. Iinkqubo zokwakha, zokuvavanya, kunye nokuthunyelwa kwesicelo kufuneka zenziwe ngokuzenzekela kangangoko kunokwenzeka; akufuneki kubekho ungenelelo lwezandla. Isihloko se-CI/CD Pipeline sinzulu kakhulu, kwaye ndiza kuyichukumisa nje ngokufutshane. Kuyafaneleka ukukhankanya kuphela ukuba sinoluhlu lokukhangela uMbhobho weCI / CD, apho iqela ngalinye lemveliso lihamba ngoncedo lwamaziko obuchule.
Kwaye nalu uluhlu lokukhangela
Ngale ndlela, iinjongo ezininzi ziyafezekiswa. Olu luguqulelo lwe-API kunye nesici sokuguqula ukunqanda uloliwe wokukhulula, kunye nokufikelela kwi-inshorensi yovavanyo olwahlukeneyo kwinqanaba lokuba uvavanyo luzenzekela ngokupheleleyo, ukuthunyelwa akunamthungo, njalo njalo.
Intsika yesine yimigaqo yoyilo kunye nezisombululo zobugcisa. Sinokuthetha kakhulu malunga noyilo lwezakhiwo ixesha elide, kodwa ndifuna ukugxininisa imigaqo embalwa endingathanda ukugxila kuyo.
Okokuqala, kufuneka ukhethe izixhobo ezikhethekileyo kwimisebenzi ethile. Ewe, kuvakala kucacile, kwaye kuyacaca ukuba izikhonkwane kufuneka zibethelwe ngehamile, kwaye iiwotshi kufuneka zihlulwe ngee-screwdrivers ezikhethekileyo. Kodwa kwixesha lethu, izixhobo ezininzi zilwela ukusebenzelana komhlaba wonke ukuze kugutyungelwe elona candelo liphezulu labasebenzisi: i-database, i-cache, izikhokelo kunye nokunye. Umzekelo, ukuba uthatha i-database ye-MongoDB, isebenza ngeentengiselwano ezininzi zamaxwebhu, kunye ne-Oracle database isebenza kunye ne-json. Kwaye kubonakala ngathi yonke into ingasetyenziselwa yonke into. Kodwa ukuba simela imveliso, ngoko kufuneka siqonde ngokucacileyo amandla kunye nobuthathaka besixhobo ngasinye kwaye sisebenzise ezo ziyimfuneko kwiklasi yethu yemisebenzi.
Okwesibini, xa kuyilwa iinkqubo, ukunyuka ngalunye kobunzima kufuneka kuthethelelwe. Kufuneka sihlale siyikhumbula le nto; umgaqo wokudibanisa okuphantsi waziwa ngumntu wonke. Ndiyakholelwa ukuba kufuneka isetyenziswe kwinqanaba lenkonzo ethile, kwaye kwinqanaba lenkqubo yonke, kunye nenqanaba le-architectural landscape. Ukukwazi ukukala ngokuthe tye icandelo lenkqubo nganye ecaleni kwendlela yomthwalo nako kubalulekile. Ukuba unalo obu buchule, ukukala akuyi kuba nzima.
Ukuthetha ngezisombululo zobugcisa, sacela amaqela emveliso ukuba alungiselele isethi entsha yeengcebiso, iingcamango kunye nezisombululo, eziye zaphunyezwa ekulungiseleleni amaza omsebenzi olandelayo.
Keshi
Kuyimfuneko ukusondela ngokucophelela ekukhethweni kwee-cache zendawo kunye nokusabalalisa. Ngamanye amaxesha kuyavakala ukusebenzisa zombini ngaphakathi kwesixokelelwano esifanayo.Umzekelo, sinezixokelelwano apho enye idatha iyindawo yokubonisa, oko kukuthi, umthombo wohlaziyo usemva kwenkqubo ngokwayo, kwaye iinkqubo azitshintshi. le data. Kule ndlela sisebenzisa iCacheine Cache yendawo.
Kwaye kukho idatha yokuba inkqubo itshintsha ngokusebenzayo ngexesha lokusebenza, kwaye apha sele sisebenzisa i-cache esasazwayo kunye neHazelcast. Le ndlela ivumela ukuba sisebenzise izibonelelo ze-cache esasazwayo apho zifuneka ngokwenene, kwaye sinciphise iindleko zenkonzo yokujikeleza idatha yeqela le-Hazelcast apho sinokwenza khona ngaphandle kwayo. Sibhale okuninzi malunga nee-cache. ΠΈ .
Ukongeza, ukutshintsha i-serializer ukuya kwiKryo eHazelcast kwasinika ukomelela okuhle. Kwaye utshintsho ukusuka kwiReplicatedMap ukuya kwi-Imap + Kufuphi neCache eHazelcast kusivumele ukuba sicuthe intshukumo yedatha ngapha kweqela.
Ingcebiso encinci: kwimeko yokungasebenzi kwe-cache enkulu, iqhinga lokufudumeza i-cache yesibini kwaye utshintshele kuyo ngamanye amaxesha liyasebenza. Kubonakala ngathi ngale ndlela kufuneka sifumane ukusetyenziswa kwememori kabini, kodwa ekusebenzeni, kwezo nkqubo apho oku kwenziwa khona, ukusetyenziswa kwememori kuyancipha.
Isitaki esisebenzayo
Sisebenzisa istaki esisebenzayo kwinani elikhulu leenkqubo. Kwimeko yethu, le Webflux okanye Kotlin kunye coroutines. Isitaki esisebenzayo silunge ngakumbi apho silindele imisebenzi ecothayo yemveliso. Umzekelo, ufowunela kwiinkonzo ezicothayo, ukusebenza ngesixokelelwano sefayile okanye iinkqubo zokugcina.
Umgaqo obaluleke kakhulu kukuphepha ukuvala iifowuni. Izikhokelo ezisebenzayo zinenani elincinci lemisonto yenkonzo ephilayo ehamba phantsi kwe-hood. Ukuba sivumela ngokungakhathali ukuba senze umnxeba othintela ngokuthe ngqo, njengokufowunela umqhubi we-JDBC, inkqubo iya kugaya ngokulula.
Zama ukuguqula iimpazamo zibe zezakho ixesha lokubaleka. Olona qukuqelo lokwenziwa kwenkqubo lutshintshela kwisakhelo esisebenzayo, kwaye ukuphunyezwa kwekhowudi kuba kungaqhelekanga. Ngenxa yoko, kunzima kakhulu ukufumanisa iingxaki usebenzisa i-stack traces. Kwaye isisombululo apha siya kuba kukudala izinto ezicacileyo, eziziinjongo ezikhethekileyo zexesha lokubaleka kuyo yonke impazamo.
Elasticsearch
Xa usebenzisa i-Elasticsearch, musa ukukhetha idatha engasetyenziswanga. Oku, ngokomgaqo, isiluleko esilula kakhulu, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo yiloo nto elityelweyo. Ukuba ufuna ukukhetha ngaphezulu kwe-10 lamawaka eerekhodi ngexesha, kufuneka usebenzise Skrola. Ukusebenzisa isifaniso, kufana nekhesa kwisiseko sedatha esinxulumeneyo.
Musa ukusebenzisa isihluzi seposi ngaphandle kokuba kuyimfuneko. Ngedatha enkulu kwisampulu ephambili, lo msebenzi ulayisha kakhulu i-database.
Sebenzisa imisebenzi emininzi apho kuyimfuneko.
API
Xa uyila i-API, bandakanya iimfuno zokunciphisa idatha edlulisiweyo. Oku kuyinyani ngokukodwa ngokunxulumene nomphambili: kukulo mdibaniso ukuba sihamba ngaphaya kwamajelo amaziko ethu edatha kwaye sele sisebenza kumjelo osidibanisa nomxhasi. Ukuba ineyona ngxaki incinci, i-traffic eninzi ibangela amava omsebenzisi angalunganga.
Kwaye ekugqibeleni, musa ukulahla yonke idatha yedatha, cacisa malunga nekhontrakthi phakathi kwabathengi kunye nababoneleli.
Inguqu yombutho
U-Eroshkina Elena, uSekela Mlawuli we-IT
Ngeli xesha xa uvalelo lwenzeka, kwaye kwavela isidingo sokunyusa ngokukhawuleza isantya sophuhliso lwe-intanethi kunye nokwazisa iinkonzo ze-omnichannel, sasisele sikwinkqubo yokuguqulwa kombutho.
Inxalenye yesakhiwo sethu yatshintshwa ukuba isebenze ngokwemigaqo kunye nezenzo zendlela yemveliso. Amaqela asekiweyo ngoku anoxanduva lokusebenza kunye nophuhliso lwemveliso nganye. Abasebenzi kumaqela anjalo babandakanyeka kwi-100% kwaye baqulunqa umsebenzi wabo usebenzisa iScrum okanye i-Kanban, kuxhomekeke kwinto ekhethwayo kubo, ukumisela umbhobho wokuhambisa, ukuphumeza izenzo zobugcisa, izenzo zokuqinisekisa umgangatho, kunye nokunye okuninzi.
Ngethamsanqa, uninzi lwamaqela ethu emveliso lwalukummandla we-intanethi kunye neenkonzo ze-omnichannel. Oku kusivumele ukuba sitshintshele kwimodi yokusebenza ekude ngexesha elifutshane (ngokungqongqo, ngokoqobo kwiintsuku ezimbini) ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa kokusebenza kakuhle. Inkqubo elungiselelweyo yasivumela ukuba siqhelane ngokukhawuleza neemeko ezintsha zokusebenza kwaye sigcine isantya esiphezulu sokunikezelwa komsebenzi omtsha.
Ukongeza, sinesidingo sokuqinisa loo maqela akumda weshishini le-intanethi. Ngelo xesha kwacaca ukuba le nto sinokuyenza kuphela ngokusebenzisa izixhobo zangaphakathi. Kwaye malunga nabantu abangama-50 kwiiveki ezimbini batshintsha indawo ababesebenza kuyo ngaphambili kwaye babandakanyeka ekusebenzeni kwimveliso eyayintsha kubo.
Oku akuzange kufune naziphi na iinzame zolawulo olukhethekileyo, kuba kunye nokulungiselela inkqubo yethu, ukuphuculwa kobugcisa bemveliso, kunye nezenzo zokuqinisekisa umgangatho, sifundisa amaqela ethu ukuba azilungiselele-ukulawula inkqubo yawo yokuvelisa ngaphandle kokubandakanya izixhobo zolawulo.
Sikwazile ukujolisa izixhobo zethu zolawulo kanye apho bezifuneka khona ngelo xesha - ekunxibelelaneni kunye neshishini: Yintoni ebalulekileyo kumxhasi wethu ngoku, yeyiphi imisebenzi ekufuneka iphunyezwe kuqala, yintoni ekufuneka yenziwe ukunyusa isakhono sethu sokuphuma ukuhambisa nokwenza iiodolo. Konke oku kunye nomzekelo ocacileyo owenze ukuba kube nokwenzeka ngeli xesha ukulayisha imijelo yethu yexabiso lemveliso ngento ebaluleke ngokwenene kwaye iyimfuneko.
Kucacile ukuba ngomsebenzi okude kunye nesantya esiphezulu sotshintsho, xa izikhombisi zezoshishino zixhomekeke ekuthatheni inxaxheba komntu wonke, awukwazi ukuthembela kuphela kwiimvakalelo zangaphakathi ezivela kwinqaku elithi "Ngaba yonke into ihamba kakuhle nathi? Ewe, kubonakala kulungile. " Iimetriki zenjongo zenkqubo yemveliso ziyafuneka. Sinazo ezi, ziyafumaneka kuye nabani na onomdla kwiimetrics zamaqela emveliso. Okokuqala, iqela ngokwalo, ishishini, iikontraka ezingaphantsi kunye nabaphathi.
Kanye emva kweeveki ezimbini, imeko ibanjwe kunye neqela ngalinye, apho i-metrics ihlalutyelwe imizuzu eyi-10, iibhotile kwinkqubo yokuvelisa zichongwa, kwaye isisombululo esidibeneyo siphuhliswa: yintoni enokwenziwa ukuphelisa ezi bhotile. Apha unokucela ngokukhawuleza uncedo kubaphathi ukuba nayiphi na ingxaki echongiweyo ingaphandle kwendawo yempembelelo yamaqela, okanye ubuchule babalingane abanokuthi sele befumene ingxaki efanayo.
Nangona kunjalo, siyaqonda ukuba ukuze sikhawulezise amaxesha amaninzi (kwaye le yinjongo kanye esizibekele yona), kusafuneka sifunde okuninzi kwaye sikuphumeze kumsebenzi wethu wemihla ngemihla. Ngoku siyaqhubeka nokukala indlela yethu yemveliso kwamanye amaqela kunye neemveliso ezintsha. Ukwenza oku, kuye kwafuneka sifunde indlela entsha kuthi - isikolo se-intanethi yeemethodologists.
Iingcali zemethodologists, abantu abancedisa amaqela ukwakha inkqubo, ukuseka unxibelelwano, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle, ngokusisiseko ziiarhente zotshintsho. Ngoku, abaphumeleleyo kwiqela lethu lokuqala basebenza namaqela kwaye bawanceda ukuba aphumelele.
Ndicinga ukuba imeko yangoku ivula amathuba kunye namathemba kuthi mhlawumbi thina ngokwethu asikaqapheli ngokupheleleyo. Kodwa amava kunye nokuziqhelanisa esikufumanayo ngoku kuqinisekisa ukuba sikhethe indlela eyiyo yophuhliso, asizukuphoswa ngala mathuba matsha kwixesha elizayo kwaye siya kukwazi ukuphendula ngendlela eyiyo kwimingeni iSportmaster eza kujongana nayo.
ezifunyanisiweyo
Ngeli xesha elinzima, siye saqulunqa imigaqo ephambili apho uphuhliso lwesoftware luphumle, endicinga ukuba luya kufaneleka kuyo yonke inkampani ejongene nale nto.
Abantu. Yile nto yonke into ixhomekeke kuyo. Abasebenzi kufuneka bawonwabele umsebenzi wabo kwaye baqonde iinjongo zenkampani kunye neenjongo zeemveliso abasebenza kuzo. Kwaye, ewe, banokuphuhla emsebenzini.
Te knoloji. Kuyimfuneko ukuba inkampani ithathe indlela evuthiweyo ekusebenzeni ngesitaki sayo setekhnoloji kwaye yakhe ubuchule apho ifuneka ngokwenene. Ivakala ilula kwaye icacile. Kwaye isoloko ingahoywa.
Iinkqubo. Kubalulekile ukulungelelanisa ngokufanelekileyo umsebenzi wamaqela emveliso kunye namaziko obuchule, ukuseka intsebenziswano kunye neshishini ukuze usebenze kunye nalo njengeqabane.
Ngokubanzi, intle kakhulu indlela esisinda ngayo. Ithisisi ephambili yexesha lethu yaqinisekiswa kwakhona, ngokucofa okuvakalayo ebunzi
Nokuba ulishishini elikhulu elingaxhunyiwe kwi-intanethi elineevenkile ezininzi kunye neqela lezixeko osebenza kuzo, phuhlisa ishishini lakho elikwi-intanethi. Eli ayisiyiyo itshaneli eyongezelelweyo yokuthengisa okanye isicelo esihle onokuthi ngaso uthenge okuthile (kwaye nangenxa yokuba abakhuphisana nabo banazo ezintle). Eli ayilovili nje elisecaleni lokukunceda unyamezele isaqhwithi.
Oku yimfuneko ngokupheleleyo. Okungekho kuphela ubuchule bakho bobugcisa kunye neziseko ezingundoqo kufuneka zilungiswe, kodwa nabantu bakho kunye neenkqubo. Emva kwakho konke, unokuthenga ngokukhawuleza imemori eyongezelelweyo, indawo, ukuhambisa iimeko ezintsha, njl. kwiiyure ezimbalwa. Kodwa abantu kunye neenkqubo kufuneka zilungiselelwe oku kwangaphambili.
umthombo: www.habr.com