Inkcazo ye-DevOps inzima kakhulu, ngoko kufuneka siqale ingxoxo malunga nayo yonke into rhoqo. Kukho iwaka leempapasho kuHabré yedwa ngalo mbandela. Kodwa ukuba ufunda oku, mhlawumbi uyazi ukuba yintoni iDevOps. Kuba andikwenzi. Malo igama lam ngu Alexander Titov (@), kwaye siza kuthetha nje nge-DevOps kwaye ndiza kubelana ngamava am.
Kudala ndicinga malunga nendlela yokwenza ibali lam libe luncedo, ke kuya kubakho imibuzo emininzi apha - leyo ndizibuza yona, kunye naleyo ndiyibuza kubathengi benkampani yethu. Ngokuphendula le mibuzo, ukuqonda kuyaphucuka. Ndiza kukuxelela ukuba kutheni i-DevOps iyadingeka ngokwembono yam, yintoni na, kwakhona, ukusuka kwindawo yam, kunye nendlela yokuqonda ukuba uqhubela phambili kwi-DevOps kwakhona kwimbono yam. Inqaku lokugqibela liya kuba ngemibuzo. Ngokuziphendulela ngokwakho, unokuqonda ukuba inkampani yakho ibheka kwi-DevOps okanye ukuba kukho iingxaki ngandlela thile.
Ngexesha elithile ndandikhwela amaza okudibanisa kunye nokufunyanwa. Kuqala ndasebenzela indawo encinci ebizwa ngokuba yiQik, emva koko yathengwa yinkampani enkulu kancinane ebizwa ngokuba yiSkype, eyathi ke yathengwa yinkampani enkulu kancinane ebizwa ngeMicrosoft. Ngeli xesha, ndiye ndaqala ukubona ukuba umbono weDevOps wawuguquka njani kwiinkampani ezinobukhulu obahlukeneyo. Emva koko, ndaba nomdla ekujongeni i-DevOps kwimbono yemarike, kwaye oogxa bam kunye nam ndaseka inkampani Express 42. Kwiminyaka eyi-6 ngoku sihamba kunye namaza emarike.
Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ndingomnye wabaququzeleli be-DevOps yoluntu lwaseMoscow kunye nomququzeleli we-DevOps-Days 2017, kodwa andizange ndiququzelele i-2018. I-Express 42 isebenza neenkampani ezininzi. Sikhulisa iiDevOps apho, jonga ukuba yenzeka njani, sigqibezele, sihlalutye, sixelele wonke umntu izigqibo zethu, kwaye siqeqeshe abantu kwiinkqubo zeDevOps. Ngokubanzi, senza konke okusemandleni ethu ukwandisa amava kunye nobuchule bethu kulo mba.
Kutheni i-DevOps
Umbuzo wokuqala okhathaza wonke umntu kwaye uhlala uthi kutheni? Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba i-DevOps yi-automation nje okanye into efanayo ukuba yonke inkampani esele inayo.
-Besinodibaniso oluqhubekayo - oku kuthetha ukuba sele sine-DevOps, kwaye kutheni zonke ezi zinto zifuneka? Bonwabile kumazwe angaphandle, kodwa bayawuphazamisa umsebenzi wethu!
Ngaphezulu kweminyaka eyi-9 yophuhliso loluntu kunye neendlela, sele sele kucacile ukuba oku akusiyo intengiso yokuthengisa, kodwa akukacaci ngokupheleleyo ukuba kutheni kufuneka. Njengaso nasiphi na isixhobo kunye nenkqubo, i-DevOps ineenjongo ezithile ezizifezayo ekugqibeleni.
Konke oku kungenxa yokuba ihlabathi liyatshintsha. Usuka kude kwindlela yoshishino, xa iinkampani zihamba ngokuthe ngqo kumaphupha azo, njengoko kwacula iklasi yethu yaseSt.
Ngokomgaqo, yonke into kwi-IT kufuneka yakhiwe ngokwale ndlela. Apha i-IT isetyenziselwa kuphela ukuzenzekelayo iinkqubo.
I-automation ayitshintshi rhoqo, kuba xa inkampani isihla ngokunyathelwa kakuhle, yintoni enokuthi itshintshe? Iyasebenza - ungayichukumisi. Ngoku iindlela zehlabathi ziyatshintsha, kwaye enye ebizwa ngokuba yi-Agile icebisa ukuba indawo yokugqibela B ayibonakali kwangoko.
Xa inkampani ihamba ngeemarike, isebenza kunye nomxhasi, ihlala ihlola imarike kwaye iguqula isiphelo sokugqibela B. Ngaphezu koko, ngokuphindaphindiweyo inkampani iguqula indlela yayo, iphumelele ngakumbi ekugqibeleni, kuba ikhetha i-niches yeemarike ezininzi.
Isicwangciso sibonakaliswa yinkampani enomdla endisandula ukufunda ngayo. I-One Box Shave yinkonzo yomrhumo yokuhambisa iincakuba kunye nezixhobo zokutsheva kwibhokisi. Bayayazi indlela yokwenza ngokwezifiso "ibhokisi" yabo kubathengi abahlukeneyo. Oku kwenziwa yisoftware ethile, ethi ke ithumele umyalelo kumzi-mveliso waseKorea ovelisa imveliso.
Le mveliso yathengwa ngu-Unilever nge-1 yeebhiliyoni zeedola. Ngoku ikhuphisana noGillette kwaye ithathe isabelo esibalulekileyo sabathengi kwimarike yaseMelika. I-One Box Shave ithi:
— 4 iincakuba? Ngaba uzimisele? Kutheni ufuna oku?Ayiphuculi umgangatho wokutsheva nangayiphi na indlela. Ikhrimu ekhethwe ngokukhethekileyo, ivumba elimnandi kunye nencakuba ekumgangatho ophezulu enamagqabi amabini asombulula iingxaki ezininzi kunezo zidenge ze-4 Gillette! Sizakufika ku-10 kungekudala?
Le yindlela ihlabathi elitshintsha ngayo. Unilever babanga ukuba banenkqubo epholileyo ye-IT ekuvumela ukuba wenze oku. Ekugqibeleni kubonakala ngathi yingcamango Ixesha ukuya kwimarike, ekungekho mntu sele ethethile ngayo.
Inqaku le-Time-to-market ayikokuba sibeka kangaphi na. Ungahlala uthumela, kodwa imijikelo yokukhulula iya kuba yinde. Ukuba imijikelezo yokukhutshwa kweenyanga ezintathu ibekwe phezulu komnye nomnye, itshintshe ngeveki, kubonakala ukuba inkampani ibonakala ihambisa kanye ngeveki. Kwaye ukusuka kwingcamango ukuya ekuphunyezweni kokugqibela kuthatha iinyanga ezi-3.
Ixesha lokuya kwimarike limalunga nokunciphisa ixesha ukusuka kwingcamango ukuya ekuphunyezweni kokugqibela.
Kule meko, isoftware isebenzisana nemarike. Le yindlela i-One Box Shave iwebhusayithi inxibelelana ngayo nomxhasi. Abanabo abathengisi-iwebhusayithi nje apho iindwendwe zicofa kwaye zenze iminqweno. Ngokufanelekileyo, kufuneka uhlale uthumela into entsha kwindawo kwaye uyihlaziye ngokuhambelana neminqweno yakho. Ngokomzekelo, eMzantsi Korea bacheba ngokungafaniyo kuneRashiya, kwaye bathanda iphunga elingekho ipineyini, kodwa, umzekelo, iinqathe kunye ne-vanilla.
Ekubeni kuyimfuneko ukutshintsha ngokukhawuleza umxholo wesayithi, uphuhliso lwesofthiwe lutshintsha kakhulu. Ngesoftware, kufuneka sifumanise ukuba umthengi ufuna ntoni. Ngaphambili, sifunde oku ngeendlela ezijikelezayo, umzekelo, ngolawulo lweshishini. Emva koko siye sayila, sibeka iimfuno kwinkqubo ye-IT, kwaye yonke into yayipholile. Ngoku yahlukile-isoftware yenzelwe wonke umntu obandakanyekayo kwinkqubo, kubandakanywa iinjineli, kuba bafunda ngeenkcazo zobugcisa ukuba imarike isebenza njani kwaye babelane ngolwazi lwabo kunye neshishini.
Ngokomzekelo, eQik, ngequbuliso safunda ukuba abantu bathanda ngokwenene ukulayisha uluhlu lwabafowunelwa kwiseva, kwaye basinika isicelo. Ekuqaleni asizange sicinge ngayo. Kwinkampani yakudala, wonke umntu ngekhe wathatha isigqibo sokuba le yibug, kuba i-spec ayitshongo ukuba kufanele isebenze kakuhle kwaye iphunyezwe ngesiqingatha sokubhaka, ngeba balicimile eli nqaku bathi: “Akukho mntu ufuna le, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba umsebenzi ophambili uyasebenza.” . Kwaye inkampani yeteknoloji ibona oku njengethuba kwaye iqala ukutshintsha isofthiwe ngokuhambelana nale nto.
Ngo-1968, umfana onombono, uMelvin Conway, wenza le ngcamango ilandelayo.
Umbutho odala inkqubo unyanzelwa luyilo oluphindaphinda ulwakhiwo lonxibelelwano lwaloo mbutho.
Ngeenkcukacha ezithe kratya, ukuze uvelise iinkqubo zodidi olwahlukileyo, kufuneka ube nesakhiwo sonxibelelwano ngaphakathi kwenkampani yodidi olwahlukileyo. Ukuba ulwakhiwo lwakho lonxibelelwano luyi-hierarchical ephezulu, ke oku akuyi kukuvumela ukuba wenze iinkqubo ezinokubonelela ngesalathisi esiphezulu kakhulu seXesha lokuya kwiMakethi.
Funda unako . Kubalulekile ukuqonda inkcubeko yeDevOps okanye ifilosofi kuba ekuphela kwento etshintsha ngokusisiseko kwi-DevOps sisakhiwo sonxibelelwano phakathi kwamaqela.
Ukususela kumbono wenkqubo, phambi kwe-DevOps, zonke izigaba: uhlalutyo, uphuhliso, uvavanyo, ukusebenza, kwakunomgca.
Kwimeko ye-DevOps, zonke ezi nkqubo zenzeka ngaxeshanye.
Ixesha ukuya kwimarike kuphela kwendlela enokwenziwa ngayo. Kubantu abasebenza kwinkqubo yakudala, oku kujongeka ngathi yi-cosmic, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo kunjalo-njalo.
Ke kutheni ufuna iDevOps?
Kuphuhliso lwemveliso yedijithali. Ukuba awunayo imveliso yedijithali kwinkampani yakho, i-DevOps ayidingeki - ibaluleke kakhulu.
I-DevOps yoyisa imida yesantya sokuveliswa kwesoftware elandelelanayo. Kuyo, zonke iinkqubo zenzeka ngaxeshanye.
Ubunzima buyanda. Xa abashumayeli beDevOps bekuxelela ukuba iya kwenza kube lula kuwe ukukhulula isoftware, bullshit leyo.
NgeDevOps, izinto ziya kuba nzima ngakumbi.
Kwinkomfa kwi-stand ye-Avito, unokubona ukuba kunjani ukuhambisa isitya se-Docker-umsebenzi ongenakwenzeka. Ubunzima buba buthintelo; kufuneka ujije iibhola ezininzi ngaxeshanye.
I-DevOps itshintsha ngokupheleleyo inkqubo kunye nombutho kwinkampani - ngokuchanekileyo, akusiyo i-DevOps eguqukayo, kodwa imveliso yedijithali. Ukufika kwi-DevOps, kusafuneka uyitshintshe ngokupheleleyo le nkqubo.
Imibuzo yengcali
Unantoni? Imibuzo onokuthi uzibuze yona ngelixa usebenza kwinkampani kwaye uphuhlisa njengengcali.
Ngaba unaso isicwangciso sokwenza imveliso yedijithali? Ukuba kukho, sele kulungile. Oku kuthetha ukuba inkampani yakho ibheka kwi-DevOps.
Ngaba inkampani yakho sele isenza imveliso yedijithali? Oku kuthetha ukuba unokunyuka kwelinye inqanaba kwaye wenze izinto ezinomdla ngakumbi, kwakhona ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga i-DevOps. Ndithetha ngokwale mbono kuphela.
Ngaba inkampani yakho yenye yeenkokeli zentengiso kwi-niche enemveliso yedijithali? ISpotify, Yandex, Uber ziinkampani ezikwincopho yenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji ngoku.
Zibuze le mibuzo, kwaye ukuba zonke iimpendulo zimbi, mhlawumbi akufanele wenze i-DevOps kule nkampani. Ukuba isihloko se-DevOps sinomdla ngokwenene kuwe, mhlawumbi ... kufuneka uhambe kwenye inkampani? Ukuba inkampani yakho ifuna ukungena kwi-DevOps, kodwa uphendule ngokuthi "Hayi" kuyo yonke imibuzo, ngoko kufana nomkhombe omhle ongasoze watshintsha.
umbutho
Njengoko besenditshilo, ngokomthetho kaConway, umbutho kwinkampani uyatshintsha. Ndiza kuqala ngento evimbela i-DevOps ukuba ingene ngaphakathi kwinkampani ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga umbutho.
Ingxaki yamaqula
Igama lesiNgesi elithi "Silo" liguqulelwe apha kwisiRashiya ngokuthi "kakuhle". Inqaku lale ngxaki kukuba akukho tshintshiselwano ngolwazi phakathi kwamaqela. Iqela ngalinye ligrumba nzulu kubuchwephesha balo, ngaphandle kokwakha imephu eqhelekileyo yokuhamba.
Ngandlel’ ithile, oku kundikhumbuza ngomntu osandul’ ukufika eMoscow yaye engekayazi indlela yokuhamba kwimephu yemetro. IiMuscovites zihlala ziyazi kakuhle indawo yazo, kwaye zihambahamba kulo lonke elaseMoscow zisebenzisa imephu yemetro. Xa ufika eMoscow okokuqala, awunalo obu buchule, kwaye udidekile nje.
I-DevOps iceba ukoyisa lo mzuzu wokuphazamiseka kunye nokwenza imephu yonxibelelwano efanayo kuwo onke amasebe kunye.
Zimbini izinto ezithintela oku.
Isiphumo senkqubo yolawulo lweshishini. Yakhiwe “ngamaqula” ahlukeneyo ngokwemigangatho. Ngokomzekelo, kukho ii-KPI ezithile kwiinkampani ezixhasa le nkqubo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ubuchopho bomntu ofumana kunzima ukuya ngaphaya kwemida yobuchule babo kunye nokuhamba ngendlela yonke inkqubo ingena endleleni. Akumnandanga. Khawufane ucinge ukuba uzifumana ukwisikhululo seenqwelomoya saseBangkok - awuyi kuyifumana indlela yakho ngokukhawuleza. I-DevOps ikwanzima ukuhamba, kwaye yiyo loo nto abantu besithi kufuneka ufumane isikhokelo ukuze ufike apho.
Kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ingxaki "yamaqula" kwinjineli ezaliswe ngumoya we-DevOps, ifunde i-Fowler kunye neqela lezinye iincwadi, ibonakaliswe kwinto yokuba. “Amaqula” awakuvumeli ukuba wenze izinto “ezicacileyo”. Sihlala sidibana emva kweDevOps eMoscow, sithethe omnye nomnye, kwaye abantu bayakhalaza:
-Besifuna nje ukusungula iCI, kodwa kwavela ukuba abaphathi abayidingi.
Oku kwenzeka kanye ngenxa yokuba CI и Inkqubo yoNikezo oluQhubekayo basemdeni weemviwo ezininzi. Ngokulula nje ukuba ungayoyisi ingxaki “yamaqula” kwinqanaba lentlangano, awuyi kukwazi ukuqhubela phambili, kungakhathaliseki ukuba wenza ntoni na nokuba kubuhlungu kangakanani na.
Umthathi-nxaxheba ngamnye kwinkqubo kwinkampani: umva kunye nabaphuhlisi be-frontend, uvavanyo, i-DBA, ukusebenza, inethiwekhi, ukugrumba kwicala labo, kwaye akukho mntu unemephu efanayo ngaphandle komphathi, obeka iliso ngandlela-thile kwaye abalawule ngokusebenzisa "ukwahlulahlula. kwaye woyise” indlela.
Abantu balwela iinkwenkwezi ezithile okanye iiflegi, wonke umntu uzimba ubuchwephesha bakhe.
Ngenxa yoko, xa kuvela umsebenzi wokudibanisa konke oku kunye nokwakha umbhobho oqhelekileyo, kwaye akusekho mfuneko yokulwela iinkwenkwezi kunye neeflegi, umbuzo uvela: yintoni esifanele siyenze? Kufuneka sivumelane ngandlel’ ithile, kodwa akukho mntu usifundise ukwenza oku esikolweni. Siye safundiswa ukusukela esikolweni: ibanga lesibhozo - wow! — xa kuthelekiswa nebanga lesixhenxe! Kuyafana apha.
Ngaba kuyafana nakwinkampani yakho?
Ukujonga oku, unokuzibuza le mibuzo ilandelayo.
Ngaba amaqela asebenzisa izixhobo eziqhelekileyo kwaye afake isandla kwiinguqu kwezi zixhobo eziqhelekileyo?
Kukangaphi na amaqela ehlengahlengisa—ezinye iingcali zisuka kwelinye ziye kwelinye ziye kwelinye? Kukwimeko-bume ye-DevOps ukuba oku kuqhelekile, kuba ngamanye amaxesha umntu akanakuyiqonda into eyenziwa yenye indawo yobuchwephesha. Ufudukela kwelinye isebe, usebenza apho iiveki ezimbini ukuze azenzele imephu yoqhelaniso kunye nokusebenzisana neli sebe.
Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukudala ikomiti yotshintsho kwaye utshintshe into? Okanye ifuna isandla esomeleleyo solona lawulo luphezulu kunye nezalathiso? Kutshanje ndibhale kwi-Facebook indlela enye ibhanki encinci eyaziwayo isebenzisa izixhobo ngokusebenzisa imiyalelo: sibhala umyalelo, siwuphumeza unyaka, kwaye sibone okwenzekayo. Oku, kunjalo, ixesha elide kwaye libuhlungu.
Kubaluleke kangakanani ukuba abaphathi bafumane impumelelo yabo ngaphandle kokuqwalasela impumelelo yenkampani?
Ukuba uyaziphendulela le mibuzo, kuya kucaca ngakumbi ukuba unayo ingxaki enjalo kwinkampani yakho.
Iziseko zophuhliso njengekhowudi
Emva kokuba le ngxaki idluliselwe, isenzo sokuqala esibalulekileyo, ngaphandle kokuba kunzima ukuqhubela phambili kwi-DevOps, kunjalo iziseko zophuhliso njengekhowudi.
Amaxesha amaninzi, iziseko zophuhliso njengekhowudi zibonwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
- Masizenzele yonke into kwi-bash, masizigqume ngemibhalo ukuze ii-admins zibe nomsebenzi omncinci wezandla!
Kodwa oku akuyonyani.
Iziseko zophuhliso njengekhowudi zithetha ukuba uchaza inkqubo ye-IT osebenza nayo ngendlela yekhowudi ukuze uhlale uyiqonda imeko yayo.
Kunye namanye amaqela, wenza imephu ngendlela yekhowudi enokuthi wonke umntu ayiqonde kwaye angakwazi ukuzulazula kunye nokuhamba. Ayinamsebenzi nokuba yenziwa ntoni na kwi-Chef, iAnsible, iTyuwa, okanye ukusebenzisa iifayile ze-YAML kwi-Kubernetes-akukho mahluko.
Kwinkomfa, umlingane ovela kwi-2GIS wathetha ngendlela abazenzele ngayo into yabo yangaphakathi ye-Kubernetes, echaza isakhiwo seenkqubo zomntu ngamnye. Ukuchaza iisistim ezingama-500, babedinga isixhobo esahlukileyo esenza loo nkcazelo. Xa kukho le nkcazo, wonke umntu unokujongana nomnye, ukubeka iliso utshintsho, indlela yokutshintsha nokuphucula, yintoni engekhoyo.
Vuma, izikripthi ze-bash zomntu ngokuqhelekileyo aziboneleli ngoku kuqonda. Kwenye yeenkampani endisebenza kuzo, bekukho negama elithi "bhala kuphela" iskripthi - xa iskripthi sibhaliwe, kodwa akusenakwenzeka ukusifunda. Ndicinga ukuba oku kuqhelekile nakuwe.
Iziseko zophuhliso njengekhowudi ikhowudi echaza imeko yangoku yesiseko. Uninzi lweemveliso, iziseko zophuhliso, kunye namaqela eenkonzo asebenza kunye kule khowudi, kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, bonke kufuneka baqonde ukuba le khowudi isebenza njani.
Ikhowudi igcinwa ngokweendlela ezilungileyo zokusebenza ngekhowudi.: uphuhliso lwentsebenziswano, ukuphononongwa kwekhowudi, i-XP-programming, uvavanyo, ukutsala izicelo, i-CI yeziseko zekhowudi - konke oku kufanelekileyo kwaye kunokusetyenziswa.
Ikhowudi iba lulwimi oluqhelekileyo kuzo zonke iinjineli.
Ukutshintsha isiseko kwikhowudi akuthathi ixesha elininzi. Ewe, kunokubakho ityala lobugcisa kwikhowudi yeziseko zophuhliso kwakhona. Ngokuqhelekileyo amaqela adibana nayo malunga nonyaka kunye nesiqingatha emva kokuba eqalise ukuphumeza "iziseko zophuhliso njengekhowudi" ngendlela yemibhalo emininzi okanye i-Ansible, abayibhala njengekhowudi ye-spaghetti, kwaye baphinde baphose izikripthi ze-bash kumxube!
ebalulekileyo: Ukuba awukayizami le nto okwangoku, khumbula oko Ansible ayikho bash! Funda amaxwebhu ngononophelo, ufunde oko bakubhalayo ngawo.
Iziseko zophuhliso njengekhowudi kukwahlulwa kwekhowudi yeziseko zophuhliso kwimigangatho eyahlukeneyo.
Kwinkampani yethu, sihlula iileyile ezi-3 ezisisiseko, ezicacileyo kwaye zilula, kodwa zinokuba zininzi. Unokujonga ikhowudi yakho yesiseko kwaye uxelele ukuba unayo le meko okanye ayikho. Ukuba akukho maleko igxininisiweyo, kuya kufuneka uthathe ixesha kwaye uhlaziye kancinci.
umaleko wesiseko - yile ndlela i-OS, i-backups kunye nezinye izinto ezisezantsi ziqwalaselwe, umzekelo, indlela i-Kubernetes isetyenziswe ngayo kwinqanaba elisisiseko.
Inqanaba lenkonzo -ezi ziinkonzo obonelela ngazo kumphuhlisi: ukugawulwa kwemithi njengenkonzo, ukubeka esweni njengenkonzo, isiseko sedatha njengenkonzo, ibhalansi njengenkonzo, umgca njengenkonzo, uNikezo oluQhubelekayo njengenkonzo - iqela leenkonzo ezithi amaqela ngamanye inokubonelela kuphuhliso. Konke oku kufuna ukuchazwa kwiimodyuli ezahlukeneyo kwinkqubo yakho yolawulo loqwalaselo.
Umaleko apho izicelo zenziwe khona kwaye ichaza ukuba ziya kutyhilwa njani ngaphezulu kweeleya ezimbini ezidlulileyo.
imibuzo yovavanyo
Ngaba unayo indawo yokugcina yeziseko ezingundoqo kwinkampani yakho? Ngaba uyawalawula amatyala obugcisa kwizakhiwo zakho? Ngaba usebenzisa iinkqubo zophuhliso kwindawo yokugcina iziseko zophuhliso? Ngaba iziseko zakho zoncedo zisikiwe zibe ziileya? Ungajonga umzobo we-Base-service-APP. Kunzima kangakanani ukwenza utshintsho?
Ukuba ufumanisa ukuba kuthatha usuku kunye nesiqingatha ukwenza utshintsho, oko kuthetha ukuba unetyala lobugcisa kwaye kufuneka usebenze kulo. Usandula ukukhubeka kwi-rake yetyala lobugcisa kwikhowudi yakho yeziseko zophuhliso. Ndikhumbula amabali amaninzi anjalo xa, ukuze utshintshe i-CCTL ethile, kufuneka ubhale kwakhona isiqingatha sekhowudi yeziseko zophuhliso, kuba ubuchule kunye nomnqweno wokwenza ngokuzenzekelayo yonke into iholele ekubeni yonke into igqwethwe kuyo yonke indawo, zonke izibambo zisusiwe, kwaye kuyafuneka ukuphinda-factor.
Unikezelo oluqhubekayo
Masithelekise idebhithi kunye nekhredithi. Okokuqala kuza inkcazo yeziseko zophuhliso, ezinokuba sisiseko. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba uchaze yonke into ngokweenkcukacha, kodwa inkcazo esisiseko iyafuneka ukuze usebenze nayo. Kungenjalo, akucacanga ukuba makwenziwe ntoni ngokuqhubekayo ngokuhambisa ngokulandelayo. Zonke ezi zenzo zivela ngaxeshanye xa ufika kwi-DevOps, kodwa kufuneka uqale ngokuqonda into onayo kunye nendlela yokulawula ngayo. Le yeyona ndlela ichanekileyo yokwenziwa kweziseko zophuhliso njengekhowudi.
Nje ukuba kucace ukuba unendlela yokulawula, uqala ukuqonda indlela yokuthumela ikhowudi yomphuhlisi kwimveliso ngokukhawuleza. Ndiyathetha, kunye nomphuhlisi, sikhumbula malunga nengxaki "yamaqula", oko kukuthi, ayingobantu ngabanye abeza nale nto, kodwa iqela.
Xa sinjalo Vanya Evtukhovich wabona incwadi yokuqala Jez Thobekile kunye namaqela ababhali "Ukuhanjiswa okuqhubekayo", eyapapashwa ngowama-2009, sacinga ixesha elide ngendlela yokuguqulela isihloko sayo kwisiRashiya. Babefuna ukuyiguqulela ngokuthi "Ukuhambisa rhoqo", kodwa, ngelishwa, yaguqulelwa ngokuthi "Ukuhanjiswa okuqhubekayo". Kubonakala kum ukuba kukho into eRashiya, ngoxinzelelo, egameni lethu.
Ukuhambisa ngokuqhubekayo kuthetha
Ikhowudi ekwindawo yokugcina imveliso ingasoloko ikhutshelwa kwimveliso. Usenokungakhutshelwa ngaphandle, kodwa uhlala ekulungele oko. Ngokufanelekileyo, uhlala ubhala ikhowudi ngemvakalelo enzima-yokuchaza yokukhathazeka phantsi komsila wakho. Idla ngokuvela xa ukhupha ikhowudi yeziseko zophuhliso. Le mvakalelo yokungakhululeki yenzelwe ukuba ibekho - ibangela iinkqubo zengqondo ezikuvumela ukuba ubhale ikhowudi ngokwahlukileyo kancinci. Oku kufuneka kubhalwe kwimigaqo yophuhliso.
Ukuzisa rhoqo, udinga ifomathi ye-artifact ehamba ngapha kwe-platform ye-infrastructure. Ukuba uphonsa "inkunkuma yomsebenzi obalulekileyo" malunga neqonga leziseko zophuhliso lweefomathi ezahlukeneyo, ngoko liba limanyene, kunzima ukuyigcina, kwaye kuvela ingxaki yetyala lobugcisa. Ifomathi ye-artifact kufuneka ilungelelaniswe - oku kwakhona ngumsebenzi odibeneyo: sonke kufuneka sihlangane, siqhube iingqondo zethu kwaye size nale fomati.
I-artifact iphuculwa ngokuqhubekayo kwaye itshintsha ukuze ihambelane nemekobume yemveliso njengoko ihamba kumbhobho wokuhanjiswa. Xa i-artifact ihamba ecaleni kombhobho, ihlala idibana nezinto ezingathandekiyo kuyo, ezifana ne-artifact oyifaka kwiindibano zemveliso. Ukuba ekuphuhlisweni kweklasi oku kwenziwa ngumlawuli wenkqubo owenza ukukhutshwa, ngoko kwinkqubo ye-DevOps oku kwenzeka rhoqo: apha bavavanya ngezinye iimvavanyo, apha baphosa kwi-cluster ye-Kubernetes, engaphezulu okanye engaphantsi efanayo. kwimveliso, ke ngequbuliso baqalisa uvavanyo lomthwalo .
Oku kufana nokusikhumbuza umdlalo wePac-Man-i-artifact ihamba ngohlobo lwebali. Kwangaxeshanye, kubalulekile ukulawula ukuba ingaba ikhowudi ihamba ngenyani na kwaye ingaba idityaniswe ngandlela thile nemveliso yakho. Amabali avela kwimveliso anokutsalwa ngaphakathi kweNkqubo yokuHanjiswa ngokuqhubekayo: kwakunje xa into ethile yawa, ngoku makhe sicwangcise le meko ngaphakathi kwinkqubo. Ngalo lonke ixesha ikhowudi iya kudlula kule meko kakhulu, kwaye awuyi kudibana nale ngxaki kwixesha elizayo. Uya kufunda ngayo kwangoko kakhulu kunokuba ifike kumxhasi wakho.
Izicwangciso ezahlukeneyo zokusasazwa. Umzekelo, usebenzisa uvavanyo lwe-AB okanye i-canary deployments ukuvavanya ikhowudi ngokwahlukileyo kubathengi abahlukeneyo, fumana ulwazi malunga nendlela ikhowudi esebenza ngayo ngaphambili kunokuba ikhuphela kubasebenzisi abazizigidi ezili-100.
"Ukuhambisa rhoqo" kubonakala ngolu hlobo.
Inkqubo yokuhanjiswa kwe-Dev, i-CI, uVavanyo, i-PreProd, i-Prod ayiyona indawo eyahlukileyo, ezi zizigaba okanye izitishi ezineemali ezingenamlilo apho i-artifact yakho idlula khona.
Ukuba unekhowudi yeziseko ezingundoqo echazwe njenge-Base Service APP, ngoko iyanceda ungalibali zonke iimeko, kwaye uzibhale ngendlela yekhowudi yale artifact, khuthaza i-artifact kwaye uyitshintshe njengoko uhamba.
Imibuzo yokuzivavanya
Ixesha ukusuka kwinkcazo yesici ukuya kwimveliso ingaphantsi kweveki kwi-95% yamatyala? Ngaba umgangatho we-artifact uyaphucuka kwinqanaba ngalinye lombhobho? Ngaba kukho ibali emva kwayo? Ngaba usebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokusasaza?
Ukuba zonke iimpendulo zingu-ewe, ngoko upholile ngendlela emangalisayo! Bhala iimpendulo zakho kumazwana - ndiya kuvuya).
Обратная связь
Lo ngowona mkhuba unzima kuzo zonke. Kwinkomfa ye-DevOpsConf, umlingane ovela ku-Infobip, ethetha ngayo, wayebhidekile kancinane kumazwi akhe, kuba ngokwenene oku kuyindlela enzima kakhulu malunga nendlela ofuna ukubeka esweni ngayo yonke into!
Ngokomzekelo, kwakudala, xa ndisebenza eQik kwaye saqonda ukuba kufuneka sibeke iliso kuyo yonke into. Senze oku, kwaye ngoku sinezinto ze-150 kwi-Zabbix ezihlala zibekwe esweni. Kwakusoyikeka, umlawuli wezobugcisa wayejikeleza umnwe wakhe etempileni yakhe:
- Guys, kutheni udlwengula umncedisi ngento engacacanga?
Kodwa ke kwenzeka isiganeko esibonisa ukuba ngokwenene esi sisicwangciso esihle kakhulu.
Enye yeenkonzo yaqala ukuntlitheka rhoqo. Ekuqaleni, ayizange iphazamiseke, into enomdla, ikhowudi ayizange yongezwa apho, kuba yayingumthengisi osisiseko, owawungenamsebenzi weshishini - wathumela nje imiyalezo phakathi kweenkonzo ezahlukeneyo. Inkonzo ayizange itshintshe kwiinyanga ezi-4, kwaye ngokukhawuleza yaqala ukuphazamiseka ngephutha elithi "Segmentation fault".
Sothuka, savula iitshathi zethu kwiZabbix, kwaye kwavela ukuba iveki kunye nesiqingatha edlulileyo, ukuziphatha kwezicelo kwinkonzo ye-API esetyenziswa ngulo mthengisi watshintsha kakhulu. Emva koko siye sabona ukuba amaxesha okuthumela uhlobo oluthile lomyalezo atshintshile. Emva kwexesha siye safumanisa ukuba ezi ngabathengi be-android. Sabuza:
— Guys, kwenzeka ntoni kuni kwiveki enesiqingatha eyadlulayo?
Ukuphendula, seva ibali elinomdla malunga nendlela abayila ngayo i-UI. Akunakwenzeka ukuba nabani na oya kuthi ngokukhawuleza atshintshe ilayibrari ye-HTTP. Kubathengi be-Android, kufana nokutshintsha isepha kwindawo yokuhlambela - abakhumbuli nje. Ngenxa yoko, emva kwemizuzu engama-40 yencoko, safumanisa ukuba bayitshintshile ilayibrari yeHTTP, kwaye amaxesha ayo angagqibekanga atshintshile. Oku kubangele ukuziphatha kwetrafikhi kwiseva ye-API ukuba itshintshe, eyakhokelela kwimeko eyabangela ugqatso ngaphakathi kwe-broker, kwaye yaqala ukuphahlazeka.
Ngaphandle kokubekwa kweliso okunzulu ngokuqhelekileyo akunakwenzeka ukuvula oku. Ukuba umbutho usenayo ingxaki "yamaqula", xa wonke umntu ephosa imali komnye nomnye, oku kunokuphila iminyaka. Usuka uqalise kwakhona iseva kuba akukho ndlela yokulungisa ingxaki. Xa ubeka iliso, ulandelela, ulandelela zonke iziganeko onazo, kwaye usebenzise ukubeka iliso njengokuvavanya - bhala ikhowudi kwaye ngokukhawuleza ubonise indlela yokuyibeka esweni, kwakhona ngendlela yekhowudi (sele sineziseko zophuhliso njengekhowudi), yonke into iyacaca ukuba njani. entendeni. Kwanezo ngxaki zintsonkothileyo zilandeleka ngokulula.
Ukuqokelela lonke ulwazi malunga nento eyenzekayo kwi-artifact kwinqanaba ngalinye lenkqubo yokuhanjiswa - kungekhona kwimveliso.
Layisha ukubeka iliso kwi-CI, kwaye ezinye izinto ezisisiseko ziya kuba sele zibonakala apho. Kamva uya kubabona kuVavanyo, i-PredProd, kunye novavanyo lomthwalo. Ukuqokelela ulwazi kuzo zonke izigaba, kungekhona kuphela i-metrics, izibalo, kodwa kunye neelogi: indlela isicelo esakhutshwa ngayo, i-anomalies - ukuqokelela yonke into.
Kungenjalo kuya kuba nzima ukuyiqonda. Sele nditshilo ukuba i-DevOps inzima ngakumbi. Ukumelana nobu bunzima, kufuneka ube ne-analytics elungileyo.
Imibuzo yokuzeyisa
Ngaba ukubeka iliso kwakho kunye nokuloga sisixhobo sakho sophuhliso? Xa ubhala ikhowudi, ngaba abaphuhlisi bakho, kuquka nawe, bacinga ngendlela yokuyibeka esweni?
Ngaba uyeva ngeengxaki ezivela kubaxumi? Ngaba uyamqonda umxhasi ngcono ekubekeni iliso kunye nokugawulwa kwemithi? Ngaba uyayiqonda inkqubo ngcono ekubekeni iliso kunye nokugawulwa kwemithi? Ngaba utshintsha inkqubo ngenxa nje yokuba ubone ukuba umkhwa wenkqubo ukhula kwaye uyaqonda ukuba kwiiveki ezi-3 yonke into iya kufa?
Nje ukuba ube nala macandelo mathathu, unokucinga malunga nokuba leliphi iqonga leziseko zophuhliso onalo kwinkampani yakho.
Iqonga leziseko zophuhliso
Inqaku asikuko ukuba le yiseti yezixhobo ezahlukeneyo ezinayo yonke inkampani.
Inqaku leqonga leziseko ezingundoqo kukuba onke amaqela asebenzisa ezi zixhobo kwaye aziphuhlise kunye.
Kucacile ukuba kukho amaqela ahlukeneyo ajongene nokuphuhliswa kweengcezu zomntu ngamnye weqonga leziseko. Kodwa kwangaxeshanye, zonke iinjineli zinoxanduva lophuhliso, ukusebenza, kunye nokukhuthaza iqonga leziseko. Kwinqanaba langaphakathi liba sisixhobo esiqhelekileyo.
Onke amaqela aphuhlisa iqonga leziseko zophuhliso kwaye aliphathe ngononophelo njenge-IDE yabo. Kwi-IDE yakho ufaka iiplagi ezahlukeneyo ukwenza yonke into ibe ntle kwaye ikhawuleze, kwaye uqwalasele iihotkeys. Xa uvula i-Sublime, i-Atom okanye iKhowudi ye-Visual Studio, iimpazamo zekhowudi zivela apho kwaye uyaqonda ukuba akunakwenzeka ukusebenza kuzo zonke, ngokukhawuleza uzive udabukile kwaye ugijime ukulungisa i-IDE yakho.
Phatha iqonga lakho leziseko zophuhliso ngendlela efanayo. Ukuba uyaqonda ukuba kukho into engalunganga ngayo, shiya isicelo ukuba awukwazi ukuyilungisa ngokwakho. Ukuba kukho into elula, yihlele ngokwakho, thumela isicelo sokutsala, abafana baya kuyiqwalasela kwaye bayongeze. Le yindlela eyahlukileyo kancinane kwizixhobo zobunjineli kwintloko yomphuhlisi.
Iqonga leziseko ezingundoqo liqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwe-artifact ukusuka kuphuhliso ukuya kumxhasi ngokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kumgangatho. I-IP icwangciswe kunye neeseti zamabali ezenzeka kwikhowudi kwimveliso. Ukutyhubela iminyaka yophuhliso, maninzi la mabali, amanye awo ahlukile kwaye anxulumana nawe kuphela-akunakwenzeka ukuba kuGoogle.
Ngeli xesha, iqonga leziseko zophuhliso liba lulutho lwakho lokukhuphisana, ngenxa yokuba inento eyakhelwe kuyo engekho kwisixhobo sokhuphiswano. Okukhona ubunzulu be-IP yakho, kokukhona inkulu inzuzo yakho yokhuphiswano ngexesha lokuya-kwintengiso. Ivela apha ingxaki yokutshixa umthengisi: Unokuthatha iqonga lomnye umntu, kodwa ngokusebenzisa amava omnye umntu, awuyi kuqonda ukuba kubaluleke kangakanani kuwe. Ewe, ayizizo zonke iinkampani ezinokwakha iqonga njengeAmazon. Lo ngumgca onzima apho amava enkampani ehambelana nendawo yayo kwimarike, kwaye ukutshixa umthengisi akunakusetyenziswa apho. Oku kubalulekile ukuba ucinge ngako.
Iskimu
Lo ngumzobo osisiseko weqonga leziseko ezingundoqo eliza kukunceda ukuseta zonke izenzo kunye neenkqubo kwinkampani yeDevOps.
Makhe sijonge ukuba iqulathe ntoni na.
Inkqubo yokuqulunqa izixhobo, ebonelela nge-CPU, imemori, idiski kwizicelo kunye nezinye iinkonzo. Ngaphezulu koku - iinkonzo zomgangatho ophantsi: ukubeka iliso, ukugawulwa kwemithi, i-CI / CD Injini, ukugcinwa kwe-artifact, iziseko zophuhliso njengekhowudi yenkqubo.
Iinkonzo ezikumgangatho ophezulu: ugcino lwedatha njengenkonzo, imigca njengenkonzo, iBalance yomthwalo njengenkonzo, ukulungiswa komfanekiso njengenkonzo, umzi-mveliso weDatha enkulu njengenkonzo. Ngaphezulu koku - umbhobho ohambisa ikhowudi elungiswa rhoqo kumxhasi wakho.
Ufumana ulwazi malunga nendlela isoftware yakho esebenza ngayo kumxhasi, uyitshintshe, unikeze le khowudi kwakhona, ufumane ulwazi-kwaye ke uphuhlisa rhoqo iqonga leziseko zophuhliso kunye nesoftware yakho.
Kumzobo, umbhobho wokuhambisa uqukethe izigaba ezininzi. Kodwa lo ngumzobo weskimu onikwe njengomzekelo - akukho mfuneko yokuphinda enye nganye. Izigaba zisebenzisana neenkonzo njengeenkonzo - isitena ngasinye seqonga sinembali yaso: indlela izibonelelo ezabiwa ngayo, indlela isicelo esiqaliswa ngayo, isebenza ngezibonelelo, ihlolwe, itshintshile.
Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba indawo nganye yeqonga iphethe ibali, kwaye uzibuze ukuba leliphi ibali elenziwe sesi sitena, mhlawumbi kufuneka ilahlwe kwaye endaweni yenkonzo yomntu wesithathu. Umzekelo, ngaba kunokwenzeka ukufaka i-Okmeter endaweni yesitena? Mhlawumbi abafana sele bephuhlise obu buchule ngaphezu kokuba sinabo. Kodwa mhlawumbi akunjalo - mhlawumbi sinobuchule obukhethekileyo, kufuneka siyifake iPrometheus kwaye siyiphuhlise ngakumbi.
Ukudalwa kweqonga
Le yinkqubo yonxibelelwano entsonkothileyo. Xa uneendlela ezisisiseko, uqala unxibelelwano phakathi kweenjineli ezahlukeneyo kunye neengcali eziphuhlisa iimfuno kunye nemigangatho, kwaye uzitshintshe rhoqo kwizixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye neendlela. Inkcubeko esinayo kwi-DevOps ibalulekile apha.
Ngenkcubeko, yonke into ilula kakhulu. imalunga nentsebenziswano nonxibelelwano., oko kukuthi, umnqweno wokusebenza kwintsimi efanayo kunye nomnye, umnqweno wokusebenzisa isixhobo esinye kunye. Akukho sayensi ye-rocket apha - yonke into ilula kakhulu, i-banal. Umzekelo, sonke sihlala kwisakhiwo kwaye sihlala sicocekile - inqanaba elinjalo lenkcubeko.
Unantoni?
Kwakhona, imibuzo onokuzibuza yona.
Ngaba iqonga leziseko zophuhliso linikezelwe? Ngubani onoxanduva lokuphuhlisa? Ngaba uyaziqonda iingenelo zokhuphiswano lweqonga lakho lesiseko?
Kufuneka usoloko uzibuza le mibuzo. Ukuba kukho into enokuthi idluliselwe kwiinkonzo zomntu wesithathu, kufuneka ikhutshwe; ukuba inkonzo yomntu wesithathu iqala ukuvala intshukumo yakho, ngoko kufuneka wakhe inkqubo ngaphakathi kwakho.
Ke, iDevOps...
... le yinkqubo entsonkothileyo, kufuneka ibandakanye:
- Imveliso yedijithali.
- Iimodyuli zeshishini eziphuhlisa le mveliso yedijithali.
- Amaqela emveliso abhala ikhowudi.
- Iinkqubo zokuNikeza rhoqo.
- Amaqonga njengenkonzo.
- Iziseko zoncedo njengenkonzo.
- Iziseko zophuhliso njengekhowudi.
- Imisebenzi eyahlukileyo yokugcina ukuthembeka, eyakhelwe kwi-DevOps.
- Ukuziqhelanisa nempendulo echaza yonke into.
Ungasebenzisa lo mzobo, ukongeza kuyo into osele unayo kwinkampani yakho ngenye indlela: ingaba iphuhlisiwe okanye isafuna ukuphuhliswa.
Iza kuphela kwiiveki ezimbalwa . njengenxalenye RIT ++. Yiza kwinkomfa, apho uya kufumana iingxelo ezininzi ezipholileyo malunga nokuhanjiswa okuqhubekayo, iziseko zophuhliso njengekhowudi kunye nokuguqulwa kwe-DevOps. , umhla wokugqibela wexabiso ngoMeyi 20
umthombo: www.habr.com