Makhe sibone ukuba yintoni undoqo wendlela yokusebenza kwaye inokuthi ixhamle bani.
Siza kuthetha ngeengcali ze-DevOps: imisebenzi yabo, imivuzo kunye nezakhono.
photo /Flickr/CC BY-SA
Yintoni i-DevOps
I-DevOps yindlela yokuphuhlisa isoftware umsebenzi wayo kukuseka intsebenziswano phakathi kwabacwangcisi benkqubo kunye nabalawuli benkqubo kwinkampani. Ukuba iingcali ze-IT ezivela kumasebe ahlukeneyo aziyiqondi imisebenzi yomnye nomnye, ukukhutshwa kwezicelo ezitsha kunye nohlaziyo lwabo kulibaziseka.
I-DevOps idala umjikelo wophuhliso "ongenamthungo", ngaloo ndlela unceda ukukhawulezisa ukukhutshwa kwemveliso yesoftware. Ukukhawuleza kufezekiswa ngokungeniswa kweenkqubo ezizenzekelayo. Ngaphezu koko, abaprogram baqala ukuthatha inxaxheba ekusekweni kweeseva kunye nokufumana iibhugi, umzekelo, banokubhala iimvavanyo ezizenzekelayo.
Oku kuphucula intsebenziswano phakathi kwamasebe. Abasebenzi baqala ukuqonda ngcono ukuba zeziphi izigaba imveliso yesoftware ehamba ngayo phambi kokuba ingene ezandleni zomsebenzisi.
Xa umphuhlisi eqonda into ejongene nomlawuli xa ebeka umncedisi, uya kuzama ukugudisa "iikona ezibukhali" kwikhowudi. Oku kunciphisa inani leempazamo xa uhambisa isicelo - ngokwezibalo, yona malunga namaxesha amahlanu.
Ngubani ofuna kwaye akayifuni indlela yokwenza
Baninzi ukuba i-DevOps iya kunceda nawuphi na umbutho ophuhlisa isoftware. Oku kuyinyaniso nokuba inkampani ingumthengi olula weenkonzo ze-IT kwaye ayiphuhlisi izicelo zayo. Kule meko, ukuphumeza inkcubeko ye-DevOps kuya kukunceda ugxininise kwizinto ezintsha.
Ngaphandle Ukuqala, kodwa apha yonke into ixhomekeke kwisikali seprojekthi. Ukuba injongo yakho kukuqalisa ubuncinci obusebenzayo (MVP) ukuvavanya umbono omtsha, ngoko unokwenza ngaphandle kweDevOps. Ngokomzekelo, umseki weGroupon waqala ukusebenza kwinkonzo ngesandla zonke izibonelelo kwiwebhusayithi kunye neeodolo eziqokelelweyo. Akazange asebenzise naziphi na izixhobo ezizenzekelayo.
Iyavakala kuphela ukuphumeza indlela yokusebenza kunye nezixhobo xa isicelo siqala ukufumana ukuthandwa. Oku kuya kunceda ukulungelelanisa iinkqubo zoshishino kunye nokukhawulezisa ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezihlaziyiweyo.
Uyenza njani iDevOps
Ngezantsi kukho iingcebiso zokutshintshela kwindlela entsha yokusebenza.
Chonga iingxaki kwiinkqubo zoshishino. Ngaphambi kokuba usebenzise indlela yokusebenza, gxininisa iinjongo kunye neengxaki zombutho. Isicwangciso sokutshintshela kwi-DevOps siya kuxhomekeka kubo. Ukwenza oku, yenza uluhlu lwemibuzo, umzekelo:
- Yintoni ethatha ixesha elininzi xa uhlaziya isoftware?
- Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukwenza le nkqubo ngokuzenzekelayo?
- Ngaba ulwakhiwo lombutho luyayichaphazela le nto?
Funda ngakumbi malunga nokuchonga iingxaki kumbutho Β«"Kwaye"Β»kubabhali bendlela yokusebenza.
Guqula inkcubeko kwinkampani. Kubalulekile ukukholisa bonke abasebenzi ukuba batshintshe iindlela zabo eziqhelekileyo zokusebenza kwaye bandise uluhlu lwabo lobuchule. Umzekelo, kuFacebook bonke abadwelisi benkqubo kuwo wonke umjikelo wobomi besicelo: ukusuka kwikhowudi ukuya ekuphunyezweni. Kwakhona, i-Facebook ayinalo isebe lokuvavanya elahlukileyo - iimvavanyo zibhalwa ngabaphuhlisi ngokwabo.
Qala kancinci. Khetha inkqubo ethatha ixesha elininzi kunye nomzamo xa ukhulula uhlaziyo kwaye uzenzele. Oku uvavanyo okanye inkqubo yokusasazwa kwesicelo. Iingcali Inyathelo lokuqala kukuphumeza izixhobo zolawulo loguqulelo olusasaziweyo. Benza kube lula ukulawula imithombo. Phakathi kwezisombululo ezinjalo, ezona zidumileyo yiGit, Mercurial, Subversion (SVN) kunye neCVS.
Kukwafanelekile ukunikela ingqalelo kwiinkqubo zokudibanisa eziqhubekayo ezinoxanduva lokudibanisa nokuvavanya imveliso yokugqibela. Imizekelo yezixhobo ezinjalo: Jenkins, TeamCity kunye neBamboo.
Vavanya uphuculo. Phuhlisa imilinganiselo yokusebenza yezisombululo eziphunyeziweyo kwaye wenze uluhlu lokutshekisha. Iimethrikhi zinokubandakanya ukukhutshwa rhoqo, ixesha elichithwe ekusebenzeni kwiifitsha zesoftware, kunye nenani leempazamo kwikhowudi. Xoxa ngeziphumo kungekhona kuphela nabaphathi, kodwa kunye neqela lonke elibandakanyekayo kwiprojekthi. Buza ukuba zeziphi izixhobo ezingekhoyo. Zithathele ingqalelo ezi zicelo xa ulungiselela ngakumbi iinkqubo zakho.
Ukugxekwa kwe-DevOps
Nangona indlela yokwenza imibutho inokwenza izigqibo ngokukhawuleza malunga nophuhliso lwesicelo, inani leempazamo kwisoftware kwaye ikhuthaza abasebenzi ukuba bafunde izinto ezintsha, nayo inabagxeki.
kukho ukuba abadwelisi benkqubo akufuneki baqonde iinkcukacha zomsebenzi wabalawuli benkqubo. Ngokucacileyo, i-DevOps ikhokelela kwinto yokuba endaweni yeengcali zophuhliso okanye zolawulo, inkampani inabantu abayiqondayo yonke into, kodwa ngaphezulu.
Kukwakholelwa ukuba i-DevOps ngolawulo olulambathayo. Ukuba uphuhliso kunye namaqela olawulo akanalo iinjongo ezifanayo, ngabaphathi abanetyala lokungaququzeleli unxibelelwano phakathi kwamaqela. Ukusombulula le ngxaki, into efunekayo asiyondlela intsha yokwenza izinto, kodwa yinkqubo yokuvavanya abaphathi ngokusekwe kwingxelo evela kwabangaphantsi. Ungayifunda apha, .
photo /Flickr/CC BY-SA
Ngubani iNjineli yeDevOps
Injineli yeDevOps isebenzisa indlela yeDevOps. Ivumelanisa zonke izigaba zokudala imveliso yesoftware: ukusuka kwikhowudi yokubhala ukuya kuvavanyo kunye nokukhulula isicelo. Ingcali enjalo ilawula amasebe ophuhliso kunye nolawulo, kunye nokwenza ngokuzenzekelayo ukwenziwa kwemisebenzi yabo ngokwazisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zesoftware.
Iqhinga lenjineli ye-DevOps kukuba udibanisa ezininzi iingcali: umlawuli, umphuhlisi, umhloli kunye nomphathi.
UJoe Sanchez, umshumayeli weDevOps eVMware, inkampani yesoftware yokwenza izinto, inani lezakhono ekufuneka injineli ye-DevOps ibe nayo. Ukongeza kulwazi olucacileyo lwendlela ye-DevOps, lo mntu kufuneka abe namava okulawula iinkqubo zokusebenza zeWindows kunye neLinux kunye namava okusebenza ngezixhobo ezizenzekelayo njenge. , , . Kufuneka akwazi ukubhala izikripthi kunye nekhowudi kwiilwimi ezimbalwa kwaye aqonde itekhnoloji yenethiwekhi.
Injineli ye-DevOps inoxanduva lwalo nakuphi na ukuzenzekelayo kwemisebenzi enxulumene nokuqwalasela kunye nokuthunyelwa kwezicelo. Ukujongwa kwesoftware kwakhona kuwela emagxeni akhe. Ukucombulula ezi ngxaki, usebenzisa iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokulawula uqwalaselo, izisombululo ze-virtualization kunye nezixhobo zamafu zokulinganisa izixhobo.
Ngubani oqeshayo
Iinjineli ze-DevOps zinokunceda nawuphi na umbutho ophuhlisa izicelo okanye olawula amanani amakhulu amaseva. Iinjineli zeDevOps Iingxilimbela ze-IT ezifana ne-Amazon, i-Adobe kunye ne-Facebook. Bakwasebenza kwiNetflix, Walmart kunye noEtsy.
Iinjineli zeDevOps ziziqalo kuphela. Umsebenzi wabo kukukhulula ubuncinci bemveliso esebenzayo ukuvavanya umbono omtsha. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukuqalisa kunokwenza ngaphandle kweDevOps.
Ingakanani intlawulo
Iinjineli zeDevOps ngaphezu kwakhe nabani na kwishishini. Umyinge wemivuzo yeengcali ezinjalo kwihlabathi jikelele usukela kwi-100 ukuya kwi-125 lamawaka eedola ngonyaka.
E-USA bona I-90 yamawaka eedola ngonyaka (ama-ruble angama-500 amawaka ngenyanga). ECanada bona I-122 lamawaka eedola ngonyaka (i-670 lamawaka eeruble ngenyanga), kwaye e-UK - i-67,5 amawaka eepounds e-sterling ngonyaka (i-490 amawaka eeruble ngenyanga).
Ngokuphathelele eRashiya, iinkampani zaseMoscow hlawula iingcali ze-DevOps ukusuka kwi-100 ukuya kwi-200 lamawaka eeruble ngenyanga. ESt. Petersburg, abaqeshi banesisa kancinci - banikela nge-160-360 lamawaka eeruble ngenyanga. Kwimimandla, imivuzo icatshulwa kwi-ruble eyi-100-120 lamawaka ngenyanga.
Indlela yokuba yingcali ye-DevOps
I-DevOps isalathiso esitsha kwi-IT, ngoko ke akukho luhlu lumiselweyo lweemfuno zeenjineli ze-DevOps. Kwizithuba, phakathi kweemfuno zesi sikhundla ungafumana zombini iDebian kunye neCentOS izakhono zolawulo kunye nokukwazi ukusebenza ngeediski zokuqhuba. .
Ngokusekwe koku, sinokugqiba kwelokuba, okokuqala, injineli ye-DevOps kufuneka ibe nembono entle yobugcisa. Kubalulekile ukuba umntu onjalo ahlale efunda izixhobo ezintsha kunye nobuchwepheshe.
Eyona ndlela ilula yokuba yinjineli ye-DevOps iya kuba ngumlawuli wenkqubo okanye umphuhlisi. Sele beneqela lezakhono ezifuna ukuphuhliswa. Umsebenzi oyintloko kukuphucula isethi encinci yolwazi kwi-DevOps, ukuqonda indlela yokusebenza kunye nezixhobo ezizenzekelayo kunye nokuzalisa izikhewu ekulawuleni, kwiprogram kunye nezakhono ze-virtualization.
Ukuqonda apho ulwazi lusanqongopheleyo, ungasebenzisa okanye . Abahlali beHacker News nabo funda iincwadi ""Kwaye""(esikhankanyile ngasentla) kunye"Β» phantsi kwesitampu se-O'Reilly Media.
Ungarhuma kwi , funda imixholo kwaye uqale ukunxibelelana neenjineli zeDevOps ngaphakathi . Kukwafanelekile ukujonga iikhosi zasimahla kwi okanye .
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umthombo: www.habr.com