Kunye no-Elena Gerasimova, intloko ye-faculty "Β» kwi-Netology siyaqhubeka nokuqonda indlela abasebenzisana ngayo kunye nendlela iiNzululwazi zeDatha kunye neeNjineli zeDatha ezihluke ngayo.
Kwinxalenye yokuqala baxelele .
Kulo mbandela siza kuthetha malunga nolwazi kunye nezakhono iingcali kufuneka zibe nazo, yiyiphi imfundo exabiswayo ngabaqeshi, indlela udliwano-ndlebe oluqhutywa ngayo, kunye nokuba zingakanani iinjineli zedatha kunye nososayensi bedatha abafumanayo.
Oko izazinzulu kunye neenjineli kufuneka zazi
Imfundo ekhethekileyo yazo zombini iingcali yiComputer Science.
Nayiphi na inzululwazi yedatha-inzululwazi yedatha okanye umhlalutyi-kufuneka ikwazi ukubonisa ukuchaneka kwezigqibo zabo. Ngenxa yoko, awukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kolwazi izibalo kunye nezibalo-ezisisiseko imathematika.
Ukufunda ngoomatshini kunye nezixhobo zokuhlalutya idatha zibalulekile kwihlabathi lanamhlanje. Ukuba izixhobo eziqhelekileyo azikho, kufuneka ube nezakhono ukufunda ngokukhawuleza izixhobo ezitsha, ukudala izikripthi ezilula ukuzenzekelayo imisebenzi.
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba inzululwazi yedatha kufuneka inxibelelane ngokufanelekileyo iziphumo zohlalutyo. Iza kumnceda kule nto ukubonwa kwedatha okanye iziphumo zophando kunye novavanyo lweengqikelelo. Iingcali kufuneka zikwazi ukwenza iitshathi kunye neegrafu, zisebenzise izixhobo zokubonisa, kwaye ziqonde kwaye zichaze idatha kwiideshibhodi.
Kwinjineli yedatha, iindawo ezintathu ziza ngaphambili.
I-algorithms kunye nezakhiwo zedatha. Kubalulekile ukufumana kakuhle ikhowudi yokubhala kunye nokusebenzisa izakhiwo ezisisiseko kunye ne-algorithms:
- uhlalutyo lwe-algorithm yobunzima,
- ukukwazi ukubhala ikhowudi ecacileyo, egcinekayo,
- ukusetyenzwa kwebhetshi,
- ukusetyenzwa kwexesha lokwenyani.
Iidatabases kunye nedatha yokugcina, Intelligence yeShishini:
- ugcino lwedatha kunye nokusebenza,
- uyilo lweenkqubo ezipheleleyo,
- Ukungeniswa kweDatha,
- iinkqubo zefayile ezisasaziweyo.
IHadoop kunye neDatha enkulu. Kukho idatha eninzi nangaphezulu, kwaye ngaphezulu kweminyaka emi-3-5, obu buchwepheshe buya kuba yimfuneko kuyo yonke injineli. Ukongeza:
- Iichibi zeDatha
- ukusebenza nababoneleli belifu.
Ukufunda ngomatshini iya kusetyenziswa kuyo yonke indawo, kwaye kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba zeziphi iingxaki zeshishini eza kunceda ukuzisombulula. Akuyimfuneko ukuba ukwazi ukwenza iimodeli (izazinzulu zedatha ziyakwazi ukusingatha oku), kodwa kufuneka uqonde isicelo sabo kunye neemfuno ezihambelanayo.
Zifumana malini iinjineli kunye nezazinzulu?
Ingeniso yeNjineli yeDatha
Kwinkqubo yamazwe ngamazwe imivuzo yokuqala iba yi-$100 ngonyaka kwaye inyuke kakhulu ngamava, ngokutsho kweGlassdoor. Ukongeza, iinkampani zihlala zibonelela ngeenketho zesitokhwe kunye ne-000-5% yeebhonasi zonyaka.
E Rashiya ekuqaleni umsebenzi, umvuzo ngokuqhelekileyo akukho ngaphantsi kwe 50 amawaka eeruble kwimimandla kunye 80 amawaka eMoscow. Akukho mava ngaphandle koqeqesho olugqityiweyo olufunekayo kweli nqanaba.
Emva kweminyaka eyi-1-2 yomsebenzi - ifolokhwe ye-90-100 amawaka eeruble.
Ifolokhwe iyanda ukuya kwi-120-160 lamawaka kwiminyaka eyi-2-5. Izinto ezifana nobuchule beenkampani zangaphambili, ubungakanani beeprojekthi, ukusebenza ngedatha enkulu, njl.
Emva kweminyaka emi-5 yomsebenzi, kulula ukukhangela izithuba kumasebe anxulumeneyo okanye ufake isicelo kwizikhundla ezikhethekileyo ezifana nezi:
- Umyili wezakhiwo okanye umthuthukisi okhokelayo ebhankini okanye kwi-telecom - malunga ne-250 lamawaka.
- Ukuthengiswa kwangaphambili kumthengisi othekhnoloji osebenza kuyo kakhulu ngokusondeleyo - amawaka angama-200 kunye nebhonasi enokwenzeka (i-1-1,5 yezigidi zeeruble).
- Iingcali ekuphunyezweni kwezicelo zoshishino lweShishini, ezifana ne-SAP - ukuya kwi-350 lamawaka.
Ingeniso yezazinzulu zedatha
imakethi yabahlalutyi benkampani "uPhando oluQhelekileyo" kunye ne-arhente yokuqesha i-New.HR ibonisa ukuba iingcali zeSayensi yeDatha zifumana umvuzo ophezulu ngaphezu kwabahlalutyi bezinye iingcali.
ERashiya, umvuzo wokuqala wenzululwazi yedatha ukuya kunyaka wamava uvela kwi-ruble eyi-113 eyiwaka.
Ukugqitywa kweenkqubo zoqeqesho ngoku kukwathathelwa ingqalelo njengamava omsebenzi.
Emva kweminyaka eyi-1-2, ingcali enjalo inokufumana ukuya kwi-160 lamawaka.
Kumsebenzi oneminyaka engama-4-5 yamava, ifolokhwe iyanda ukuya kwi-310 lamawaka.
Luqhutywa njani udliwano-ndlebe?
ENtshona, abaphumelele kwiinkqubo zoqeqesho lomsebenzi banodliwano-ndlebe lwabo lokuqala kumndilili weeveki ezi-5 emva kokuphumelela. Malunga nama-85% afumana umsebenzi emva kweenyanga ezi-3.
Inkqubo yodliwano-ndlebe yeenjineli zedatha kunye nezithuba zenzululwazi yedatha ziyafana. Ngokuqhelekileyo iqulathe izigaba ezintlanu.
Isishwankathelo. Abaviwa abanamava angewona angundoqo angaphambili (umzekelo, ukuthengisa) kufuneka balungiselele ileta eneenkcukacha yenkampani nganye okanye babe nereferensi evela kummeli waloo nkampani.
Ukuhlolwa kobugcisa. Ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka ngefowuni. Ibandakanya enye okanye emibini enzima kunye nemibuzo emininzi elula enxulumene nesitaki sangoku somqeshi.
HR udliwano-ndlebe. Inokwenziwa ngefowuni. Kweli nqanaba, umviwa uvavanyelwa ukufaneleka ngokubanzi kunye nokukwazi ukunxibelelana.
Udliwano-ndlebe lobugcisa. Amaxesha amaninzi iyenzeka emntwini. Kwiinkampani ezahlukeneyo, inqanaba lezikhundla kwitafile yabasebenzi lahlukile, kwaye izikhundla zinokubizwa ngokwahlukileyo. Ngoko ke, ngeli nqanaba ulwazi lobugcisa oluvavanywayo.
Udliwano-ndlebe kunye ne-CTO / uMyili oyiNtloko. Injineli kunye nenzululwazi zizikhundla zobuchule, kwaye kwiinkampani ezininzi zintsha. Kubalulekile ukuba umphathi amthande umntu osebenza naye kwaye avumelane naye kwiimbono zakhe.
Yintoni eya kunceda izazinzulu kunye neenjineli ekukhuleni kwabo komsebenzi?
Uninzi lwezixhobo ezitsha zokusebenza ngedatha ziye zavela. Kwaye bambalwa abantu abalungileyo ngokulinganayo kuye wonke umntu.
Iinkampani ezininzi azikakulungeli ukuqesha abasebenzi ngaphandle kwamava omsebenzi. Nangona kunjalo, abaviwa abanemvelaphi encinci kunye nolwazi lweziseko zezixhobo ezidumileyo banokufumana amava ayimfuneko ukuba bafunde kwaye baziphuhlise.
Iimpawu eziluncedo kwinjineli yedatha kunye nenzululwazi yedatha
Umnqweno kunye nokukwazi ukufunda. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba uleqe amava kwangoko okanye utshintshe imisebenzi kwisixhobo esitsha, kodwa kufuneka uzimisele ukutshintshela kwindawo entsha.
Umnqweno wokuzenzekelayo iinkqubo zesiqhelo. Oku akubalulekanga kuphela kwimveliso, kodwa nokugcina umgangatho ophezulu wedatha kunye nesantya sokuhanjiswa kumthengi.
Ukumamela kunye nokuqonda "into ephantsi kwe-hood" yeenkqubo. Ingcali onokuqwalasela kunye nolwazi olunzulu lweenkqubo iya kusombulula ingxaki ngokukhawuleza.
Ukongeza kulwazi olugqwesileyo lwe-algorithms, izakhiwo zedatha kunye nemibhobho, udinga funda ukucinga kwiimveliso -jonga ulwakhiwo kunye nesisombululo seshishini njengomfanekiso omnye.
Umzekelo, kuluncedo ukuthatha nayiphi na inkonzo eyaziwayo kwaye uze nedathabheyisi yayo. Emva koko cinga malunga nendlela yokuphuhlisa i-ETL kunye ne-DW eya kuyigcwalisa ngedatha, luhlobo luni lwabathengi abaya kuba yintoni kwaye yintoni ebalulekileyo kubo ukuba bazi malunga nedatha, kunye nendlela abathengi abasebenzisana ngayo nezicelo: ukukhangela umsebenzi kunye nokuthandana, ukurenta imoto. , isicelo sepodcast, iqonga lemfundo.
Izikhundla zomhlalutyi, inzululwazi yedatha kunye nenjineli zisondele kakhulu, ngoko unokuhamba ukusuka kwelinye icala ukuya kwelinye ngokukhawuleza kunezinye iindawo.
Kwimeko nayiphi na into, kuya kuba lula kwabo banemvelaphi ye-IT kunabo bangenayo. Ngokomyinge, abantu abadala abanomdla baphinda baqeqeshe kwaye batshintshe imisebenzi rhoqo emva kweminyaka eyi-1,5-2. Oku kulula kwabo bafunda kwiqela kunye nomcebisi, xa kuthelekiswa nalabo bathembele kuphela kwimithombo evulekileyo.
Ukusuka kubahleli beNetology
Ukuba ujonge ubuchwephesha beNjineli yeDatha okanye iNzululwazi yeDatha, siyakumema ukuba ufunde iinkqubo zethu zekhosi:
- Umsebenzi "Β».
- Umsebenzi "Β».
- Ewe"Β».
umthombo: www.habr.com