Π sele siqwalasele umbuzo othi "Ngaba siya kusebenzisa i-RAID kwi-SSD" usebenzisa umzekelo we-Kingston drives, kodwa senze kuphela ngaphakathi kwinqanaba le-zero. Kwinqaku langoku, siya kuhlalutya iinketho zokusebenzisa izisombululo ze-NVMe zobuchwephesha kunye nekhaya kwiindidi ezidumileyo ze-RAID arrays kwaye sithethe malunga nokuhambelana komlawuli. ngeKingston drives.
Kutheni ufuna i-RAID kwi-SSD?
Izibonelelo ze-SSD-based based storage arrays over HDD storage arrays ziquka amaxesha okufikelela ngokukhawuleza kwidatha kwi-drive kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu kokufunda / ukubhala. Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza okufanelekileyo kwe-RAID esekwe kwi-SSD kufuna indibaniselwano efanelekileyo yeprosesa, i-cache, isoftware, kunye nehardware. Xa zonke ezi zinto zisebenza kunye ngokugqibeleleyo, i-SSD RAID inokugqithisa kakhulu uqwalaselo oluthelekisekayo kusetyenziswa ii-HDD zemveli.
I-SSD eqhelekileyo idla amandla amancinci kune-HDDs, ngoko ke xa udibanisa inani elikhulu le-SSD kwi-RAID uluhlu, ukonga amandla xa kuthelekiswa noluhlu lwe-HDD RAID lunokuguqulela kwiindleko eziphantsi kwiindleko zamandla enkampani.
Nangona kunjalo, i-SSD RAID inemida kunye nokungalunganga, ngakumbi ixabiso eliphezulu ngegigabyte yendawo xa kuthelekiswa nee-hard drives zomthamo ofanayo. Kwaye ixesha phakathi kokusilela kwimemori ye-flash lilinganiselwe kwinani elithile lemijikelo yokuphinda ubhale. Oko kukuthi, iidrive ze-SSD zinobomi benkonzo ethile, exhomekeke ekusebenzeni: ulwazi oluninzi lubhalwa phezu kwayo, ngokukhawuleza i-drive iya kuphumelela. Kwelinye icala, ii-SSD zeshishini ziphila ubomi obundilisekileyo obunokuthelekiswa noomatshini abasebenza nzima.
Indlela i-Kingston SSDs ehlala ngayo kwimodi ye-RAID kunye nabalawuli be-Broadcom
Ngeentsuku zokuqala zee-SSD, uyilo lwe-RAID lwalunee-nuances ezininzi. Kubandakanywa ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwee-HDD ezincinci zokunyamezela iimpazamo. Iidrive zombuso eziqinileyo zithembeke kakhulu kunoogxa babo ngokusekelwe kwiidiski zemagnethi. Njengoko siyazi, akukho zixhobo ezihambayo kwizisombululo ze-SSD, ngoko ke umonakalo womatshini uyancipha ube ngu-zero. Ukungaphumeleli kwe-slid-state drives ngenxa yokunyuka kwamandla kwakhona akunakwenzeka, ngenxa yokuba kwinqanaba le-PC yasekhaya kunye nayiphi na iseva, i-UPS, abakhuseli bokukhusela, kunye nokunikezelwa kombane kukukhusela.
Kwangaxeshanye, i-solid-state drives inomnye ukudibanisa okubalulekileyo: nokuba iiseli zememori zigugile ngenxa yokubhala, idatha isenokufundwa kubo, kodwa ukuba idiski yamagnetic yonakele, maye.
Namhlanje, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukusebenzisa izisombululo ze-SSD kuluhlu lwe-RAID lwamanqanaba ahlukeneyo. Into ephambili kukuba ukhethe ii-SSD ezifanelekileyo, ukubambezeleka kwayo kuncinci. Kwaye ngokufanelekileyo, sebenzisa ii-SSD zomenzi ofanayo kunye nemodeli efanayo ukuze ungagqibi kunye ne-hodgepodge yee-drives ezixhasa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemithwalo kwaye zakhiwe ngesiseko seentlobo ezahlukeneyo zememori, abalawuli kunye nobunye ubuchwepheshe. Oko kukuthi, ukuba sithatha isigqibo sokuthenga ezine okanye i-16 ze-NVMe SSD ezivela e-Kingston ukwenza uluhlu lwe-RAID, kuya kuba ngcono ukuba zonke zivela kuthotho olufanayo kunye noluhlu lwemodeli.
Ngendlela, kwi sakhankanya abalawuli be-Broadcom ngesizathu xa sithetha nge-NVMe SSD esuka e-Kingston. Inyani kukuba iincwadana zezi zixhobo zichaza ngokukhawuleza iidrive ezihambelanayo (kubandakanywa nezisombululo ezivela kumenzi we-SSD okhankanywe ngasentla), apho umlawuli uya kusebenza ngokungenasiphako. Olu lwazi kufuneka kuxhomekeke kulo xa ukhetha isilawuli-SSD bundle for RAID.
Sihlalutya umsebenzi we-SSD Kingston kwiintlobo ezidumileyo ze-RAID - "1", "5", "10", "50"
Ngoko ke, inqanaba le-RAID "zero" aliboneleli ngokuphindaphinda idatha, kodwa kwandisa kuphela ukusebenza. I-RAID 0 ayiboneleli naluphi na ukhuseleko lwedatha konke konke, ngoko ke asiyi kuyiqwalasela ngaphakathi kwecandelo lenkampani. I-RAID 1, ngakolunye uhlangothi, inikezela ngokuphindaphinda ngokupheleleyo kodwa ukuzuza kuphela okuthobekileyo kokusebenza, kwaye ngoko ke kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ukuba ukuzuza kwentsebenzo akuyiyo ingqwalasela ephambili xa kwakhiwa uluhlu lwe-SSD RAID.
I-RAID 1 esekelwe kwi-Kingston SSDs kunye nabalawuli be-Broadcom
Ngoko ke, inqanaba lokuqala le-RAID uluhlu olusekelwe kwi-Broadcom MegaRAID 9460-16i isilawuli sidibanisa ukusuka kwiimbini ukuya kwii-32 ze-Kingston drives, eziziikopi zomnye nomnye, kwaye zibonelela ngokugqithiswa ngokupheleleyo. Ukuba xa usebenzisa ii-HDD zendabuko, isantya sokubhala nokufunda idatha yahlala kwinqanaba le-HDD kakhulu, ngoko usebenzisa i-NVMe SSD izisombululo sifumana ukwanda kweshumi ekusebenzeni. Ngokukodwa malunga nexesha lokufikelela kwidatha. Ngokomzekelo, ngee-Kingston DC1000M U.2 NVMe SSDs ezimbini kwi-server RAID 1, sifumana i-350 yokufunda i-IOPS kunye ne-000 yokubhala i-IOPS.
Ngokwesantya sokufunda ngokulandelelana, iziphumo ziya kuhambelana neempawu zokuqhuba - 3200 MB / s. Kodwa ekubeni zombini ii-NVMe SSD zisebenza ngokulandelelana, idatha inokufundwa kubo ngaxeshanye, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ukufunda kusebenze ngokukhawuleza. Kodwa isantya sokubhala (esibizwa ngokuba yi-2000 MB / s) siya kucotha, kuba umsebenzi ngamnye wokubhala wenziwa kabini.
I-RAID 1 ifanelekile kwiinkcukacha ezincinci okanye nayiphi na enye indawo efuna ukunyamezela impazamo kodwa umthamo ophantsi. I-Drive mirroring iluncedo ngakumbi kwiimeko zokubuyisela intlekele (umsebenzi uthotywa kancinane) kuba ubonelela ngokukhawuleza "ukuvuselela" idatha ebalulekileyo ukuba enye yee-drives kuluhlu iyasilela. Kodwa ngenxa yokuba eli nqanaba lokhuseleko lifuna ukuphinda kabini umthamo wokugcinwa kwedatha ebonisiweyo (i-100 TB iya kufuna i-200 TB yokugcina), iinkqubo ezininzi zamashishini zisebenzisa iindlela zokugcina ezongayo: i-RAID 5 kunye ne-RAID 6.
I-RAID 5 esekelwe kwi-Kingston SSDs kunye nabalawuli be-Broadcom
Ukucwangcisa uluhlu lwe-RAID lwenqanaba lesihlanu, sidinga ubuncinane iidrive ezintathu, idatha apho i-interleaved (ibhalwe ngokujikelezayo kuzo zonke iidrayivu kwi-array), kodwa ingaphindi. Xa ulungelelanisa, umntu kufuneka athathele ingqalelo isakhiwo sabo esinzima ngakumbi, ekubeni apha ingcamango efana ne "checksum" (okanye "ukulingana") ibonakala. Le ngcamango ithetha umsebenzi we-algebraic XOR wengqiqo (i-aka exclusive "OR"), echaza ukusetyenziswa kobuncinci be-drives ezintathu kuluhlu (ubuninzi - 32). Kule meko, ulwazi lokulingana lubhaliwe kuzo zonke "iidiski" kuluhlu.
Kuluhlu lwee-Kingston DC500R SATA SSD ezine umthamo we-3,84 TB nganye, sifumana i-11,52 TB yendawo kunye ne-3,84 ye-checksums. Kwaye ukuba udibanisa i-16 Kingston DC1000M U.2 NVMe drives enomthamo we-7,68 TB kwiNqanaba le-115,2 RAID, siya kufunda i-7,68 TB ngokulahleka kwe-5 TB. Njengoko ubona, okukhona uqhuba, kokukhona kungcono ekugqibeleni. Kukwangcono kuba okukhona iidrive ezininzi kwi-RAID 0, kokukhona iphezulu ukusebenza kokubhala ngokubanzi. Kwaye ukufunda ngomgca kuya kufikelela kwinqanaba le-RAID XNUMX.
Iqela le-RAID 5 lediski libonelela nge-throughput ephezulu (ngokukodwa kwiifayile ezinkulu) kunye nokuphindaphinda kunye nokulahlekelwa kwamandla amancinci. Olu hlobo lombutho we-array lufaneleke kakhulu kuthungelwano ezenza ezininzi ezincinci igalelo / imveliso (I / O) imisebenzi ngexesha elinye. Kodwa akufanele uyisebenzise kwimisebenzi efuna inani elikhulu lemisebenzi yokubhala kwiibhloko ezincinci okanye ezincinci.
Kukho enye i-nuance enye: ukuba ubuncinane enye ye-NVMe drives iyasilela, i-RAID 5 iya kwimodi yokunciphisa kwaye ukungaphumeleli kwesinye isixhobo sokugcina kunokuba yinto ebalulekileyo kuyo yonke idatha. Ukuba enye idrayivu kuluhlu ayiphumelelanga, umlawuli we-RAID usebenzisa ulwazi lokulingana ukwenza kwakhona nayiphi na idatha engekhoyo.
I-RAID 10 esekelwe kwi-Kingston SSDs kunye nabalawuli be-Broadcom
Ngoko, i-RAID i-0 isinika ukunyuka kabini kwisantya kunye nexesha lokufikelela, kwaye i-RAID 1 inikezela ngokuthembeka. Ngokufanelekileyo, baya kudibaniswa, kwaye apha i-RAID 10 (okanye i-1 + 0) iza kuhlangula. "Ishumi" lidityaniswe kwii-SATA SSD ezine okanye ii-NVMe drives (ubuninzi - 32) kwaye lithetha uluhlu lwe "izibuko", inani lokuqhuba apho kufuneka lihlale liphindaphinda ezine. Idatha kolu luhlu ibhaliwe kusetyenziswa ulwahlulo lwebhloko esisigxina (njengakwimeko ye-RAID 0) kunye noluhlu phakathi kweedrive, ukusasaza iikopi kuyo yonke i "drives" kwi-RAID 1. Kwaye kunye nokukwazi ukufikelela kumaqela amaninzi okuqhuba kwindawo ngexesha elifanayo, i-RAID 10 ibonisa ukusebenza okuphezulu.
Ekubeni i-RAID 10 iyakwazi ukuhluza idatha kwizibini ezininzi zesipili, oku kuthetha ukuba inokunyamezela ukusilela kwedrayivu enye kwisibini. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba zombini izibini zesipili (oko kukuthi, zonke ezine zokuqhuba) ziyasilela, kuya kubakho ilahleko yedatha engenakuphepheka. Ngenxa yoko, sikwafumana ukunyamezelana okulungileyo kunye nokuthembeka. Kodwa khumbula ukuba, njenge-RAID 1, uluhlu lwenqanaba leshumi lusebenzisa kuphela isiqingatha somthamo opheleleyo, kwaye ngoko sisisombululo esibiza kakhulu. Kwaye kunzima ukuseta.
I-RAID 10 ifanelekile ukusetyenziswa kunye neendawo zokugcina idatha ezifuna i-100% yokuphindaphinda amaqela ediski e-mirrored, kunye nokunyuswa kwe-I / O yokusebenza kwe-RAID 0. Yisisombululo esona sisisombululo sogcino-lwazi oluphakathi okanye nayiphi na indawo efuna ukunyamezela okuphezulu ngaphezu kwe-RAID 5.
I-RAID 50 esekelwe kwi-Kingston SSDs kunye nabalawuli be-Broadcom
Uluhlu oludibeneyo olufana nenqanaba le-RAID ye-5, eyinqanaba le-50 elakhiwe ukusuka kwinqanaba le-5. Njengangaphambili, injongo ephambili yolu luhlu kukufezekisa ukusebenza kabini ngelixa ugcina ukuthembeka kwedatha kwi-RAID XNUMX. Ngexesha elifanayo, i-RAID XNUMX ibonelela ngokusebenza okuphuculweyo kokubhala kunye nokukhuselwa kwedatha engcono kune-RAID XNUMX eqhelekileyo xa kukho ukungaphumeleli kwe-drive. , kwaye iyakwazi ukubuyisela ngokukhawuleza kwimeko yokusilela kwenye yeedrive.
Iqela le-RAID 50 lokuqhuba lahlula idatha kwiibhloko ezincinci kwaye liyinqumle kulo lonke uluhlu lwe-RAID 5. Iqela le-RAID 5 lokuqhuba likwahlulahlula idatha kwiibhloko ezincinci, libala ukulingana, lenze ingqiqo OKANYE umsebenzi kwiibhloko, kwaye emva koko. yenza ibhloko yedata yokubhala kunye nemisebenzi yokulingana kwidiski nganye kwiqela lediski.
Kwaye ngelixa ukusebenza kuthotywa ngokungenakuthintelwa ukuba enye yeedrive iyasilela, ayibalulekanga njengakwi-RAID 5 uluhlu, kuba ukusilela okunye kuchaphazela enye kuphela uluhlu, ishiya enye isebenza ngokupheleleyo. Ngapha koko, i-RAID 50 inokusinda ukuya kuthi ga kwiintsilelo ezisibhozo ze-HDD/SSD/NVMe ukuba βidiskiβ nganye ayiphumelelanga ikuluhlu olwahlukileyo lwe-RAID 5.
I-RAID 50 isetyenziswe kakuhle kwizicelo ezifuna ukuthembeka okuphezulu kwaye kufuneka iqhube inani eliphezulu lezicelo ngelixa igcina amazinga aphezulu okudluliselwa kwedatha kunye neendleko eziphantsi zokuqhuba kune-RAID 10. Nangona kunjalo, ekubeni ubuncinane be-50 drives iyadingeka ukuseta uluhlu lwe-RAID 50. , ixabiso aliqukwanga ngokupheleleyo njengento. Enye into engalunganga ye-RAID 5 kukuba, njenge-RAID XNUMX, idinga umlawuli onzima: kwinqaku lokugqibela ukusuka kwiBroadcom.
Kwakhona kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba i-RAID 50 ine-disk space encinci yokusetyenziswa kune-RAID 5 ngenxa yokunikezelwa kwamandla okubamba iirekhodi ze-parity. Nangona kunjalo, isenayo indawo esebenzisekayo ngakumbi kunamanye amanqanaba e-RAID, ngakumbi lawo asebenzisa isipili. Ngobuncinci bemfuno ezintandathu zokuqhuba, i-RAID 50 ingaba yindleko, kodwa indawo eyongezelelweyo yedisk iqinisekisa iindleko ngokukhusela idatha yenkampani. Olu hlobo loluhlu lunconywa kwidatha efuna ukuthembeka okuphezulu kokugcinwa, amazinga aphezulu okucela, amazinga aphezulu okudluliselwa, kunye nomthamo ophezulu wokugcina.
I-RAID 6 kunye ne-RAID 60: khange silibale ngayo
Kuba sithethile malunga noluhlu lwenqanaba lesihlanu kunye nelamashumi amahlanu, kuya kuba sisono ukuba singazikhankanyi iindidi zentlangano efana ne-RAID 6 kunye ne-RAID 60.
Ukusebenza kwe-RAID 6 kufana ne-RAID 5, kodwa apha ubuncinci iidrive ezimbini zinikwa ukulingana, okuvumela uluhlu ukuba uphile ukusilela kweedrive ezimbini ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa idatha (kwi-RAID 5, le meko ayinqweneleki kakhulu). Oku kubangela ukuthembeka okuphezulu. Ngaphandle koko, yonke into iyafana kwinqanaba lesihlanu: xa kwenzeka ukungaphumeleli kwediski enye okanye ezimbini, umlawuli we-RAID usebenzisa iibhloko ze-parity ukuze aphinde aphinde aphinde aphinde afumane ulwazi olulahlekileyo. Ukuba iidrive ezimbini ziyasilela, ukubuyiswa akwenzeki ngaxeshanye: okokuqala, i-drive yokuqala iphinda ihlaziywe, kwaye eyesibini. Ngaloo ndlela, imisebenzi emibini yokubuyisela idatha yenziwa.
Kulula ukuqikelela ukuba ukuba iRAID 50 yinqanaba elingu-60 loluhlu lwenqanaba lesi-6, ngoko iRAID 50 linqanaba elingu-8 loluhlu lwenqanaba lesi-16 esisanda kuthetha ngalo. Okokuthi, lo mbutho wokugcinwa kwe-RAID ikuvumela ukuba usinde ekulahlekeni kwee-SSD ezimbini kwiqela ngalinye le-RAID XNUMX. Umgaqo wokusebenza ufana naleyo sathetha ngayo kwicandelo le-RAID XNUMX, kodwa inani lokungaphumeleli ukuba a Inqanaba le-XNUMX uluhlu lunokumelana lukhula ukusuka kwi-XNUMX ukuya kwi-XNUMX drives. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ii-arrays ezinjalo zisetyenziselwa inkonzo yabathengi be-intanethi, efuna ukunyamezela okuphezulu.
Ukushwankathela:
Nangona isipili sibonelela ngokunyamezela iimpazamo ngakumbi kune-RAID 50/60, ikwafuna indawo eninzi kakhulu. Ekubeni inani ledatha liphindwe kabini, ngokwenene ufumana kuphela i-50% yomthamo opheleleyo we-drive efakwe kwiseva yokurekhoda nokugcina ulwazi. Ukukhetha phakathi kwe-RAID 50/60 kunye ne-RAID 10 kuya kuxhomekeka kakhulu kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali olukhoyo, umthamo weseva, kunye neemfuno zakho zokukhusela idatha. Ngaphezu koko, iindleko zifika phambili xa sithetha ngezisombululo ze-SSD (zombini iinkampani kunye neklasi yabathengi).
Ngokubaluleke kakhulu, ngoku siyazi ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba i-RAID esekwe kwi-SSD sisisombululo esikhuseleke ngokupheleleyo kunye nesiqhelo esiqhelekileyo soshishino lwanamhlanje. Njengenxalenye yokusetyenziswa kwekhaya, kukho nesizathu sokutshintshela kwi-NVMe, ukuba uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali luvumela. Kwaye ukuba usenombuzo, kutheni yonke le nto ifunekayo, buyela ekuqaleni kwenqaku - sele siyiphendule ngokubanzi.
Eli nqaku lilungiselelwe ngenkxaso yabalingane bethu kwi-Broadcom, ababonelela ngabalawuli babo kwiinjineli ze-Kingston zokuvavanya nge-SATA / SAS / NVMe ye-enterprise-class drives. Ngombulelo kule symbiosis enobuhlobo, abathengi akufuneki bathandabuze ukuthembeka kunye nokuzinza kweKingston drives kunye ne-HBA kunye nabalawuli be-RAID kwimveliso. .
Ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga neemveliso zeKingston lunokufumaneka apha nkampani.
umthombo: www.habr.com