Kwiminyaka emininzi edlulileyo, i-specialty entsha, injineli ye-DevOps, yavela kwi-IT. Ngokukhawuleza yaba yenye yezona zithandwa kakhulu kwaye zifunwa kwimarike. Kodwa nantsi i-paradox - inxalenye yokuthandwa kwe-DevOps ichazwa yinyaniso yokuba iinkampani eziqesha iingcali ezinjalo zihlala zibabhidanisa nabameli bezinye iingcali.
Eli nqaku linikezelwe kuhlalutyo lwe-nuances ye-DevOps profession, indawo yangoku kwiimarike kunye nethemba. Sawuqonda lo mba unzima ngoncedo lomfundisi kwiyunivesithi ye-intanethi ye-GeekUniversity nguDmitry Burkovsky.
Ke yintoni iDevOps?
Igama ngokwalo limele iMisebenzi yoPhuhliso. Oku ayisiyonto ikhethekileyo njengendlela yokulungelelanisa umsebenzi kwinkampani ephakathi okanye enkulu xa ulungiselela imveliso okanye inkonzo. Inyaniso kukuba amasebe ahlukeneyo enkampani enye abandakanyeka kwinkqubo yokulungiselela, kwaye izenzo zabo azihlali zilungelelaniswa kakuhle.
Ke, abaphuhlisi, umzekelo, abasoloko besazi ukuba zeziphi iingxaki abasebenzisi abanazo xa besebenza nenkqubo ekhutshiweyo okanye inkonzo. Inkxaso yobugcisa iyazi yonke into ngokugqibeleleyo, kodwa basenokungazi ukuba yintoni "ngaphakathi" kwisoftware. Kwaye apha injineli ye-DevOps iza kuhlangula, inceda ukulungelelanisa inkqubo yophuhliso, ukukhuthaza inkqubo yokuzenzekelayo, kunye nokuphucula ukucaca kwabo.
Ingcamango ye-DevOps idibanisa abantu, iinkqubo kunye nezixhobo.
Yintoni ekufuneka yazi injineli yeDevOps kwaye ikwazi ukuyenza?
Ngokomnye wabalandeli abadumileyo bengcamango ye-DevOps, uJoe Sanchez, ummeli womsebenzi kufuneka abe nokuqonda kakuhle kwee-nuances zengcamango ngokwayo, abe namava ekulawuleni zombini iinkqubo zeWindows kunye ne-Linux, ukuqonda ikhowudi yeprogram ebhalwe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. iilwimi, kwaye usebenze kwiChef, iPuppet, kunye ne-Ansible. Kucacile ukuba ukwahlula ikhowudi kufuneka wazi iilwimi ezininzi zokucwangcisa, kwaye ungazi nje, kodwa ube namava ophuhliso. Amava ekuvavanyeni iimveliso zesoftware kunye neenkonzo ezigqityiweyo nazo zinqweneleka kakhulu.
Kodwa oku kufanelekile; ayinguye wonke ummeli wecandelo le-IT onalo nqanaba lamava kunye nolwazi. Nantsi iseti yolwazi oluncinci kunye namava afunekayo kwii-DevOps ezilungileyo:
- OS GNU/Linux, Windows.
- Ubuncinane 1 ulwimi lwenkqubo (Python, Hamba, Ruby).
- Ulwimi lokubhalwa kweqokobhe yi-bash yeLinux kunye neqokobhe lamandla leWindows.
- Inkqubo yolawulo lwenguqulelo-Git.
- Iisistim zolawulo loqwalaselo (Ezinokwenzeka, iPuppet, iChef).
- Ubuncinci iqonga le-orchestration yesikhongozeli esinye (Kubernetes, Docker Swarm, Apache Mesos, Amazon EC2 Container Service, Microsoft Azure Container Service).
- Ukukwazi ukusebenza nababoneleli befu (umzekelo: i-AWS, i-GCP, i-Azure, njl.) usebenzisa i-Terraform, yazi ukuba isicelo sifakwe njani kwifu.
- Ukukwazi ukuseta umbhobho weCI / CD (Jenkins, GitLab), isitaki se-ELK, iinkqubo zokubeka iliso (Zabbix, Prometheus).
Kwaye nalu uluhlu lwezakhono iingcali zeDevOps zihlala zibonisa kwiHabr Career.
Ukongeza, ingcali ye-DevOps kufuneka iqonde iimfuno kunye neemfuno zeshishini, ibone indima yayo kwinkqubo yophuhliso kwaye ikwazi ukwakha inkqubo ethathela ingqalelo iimfuno zomthengi.
Kuthekani ngomda wokungena?
Ayisiyonto ukuba uluhlu lolwazi kunye namava luboniswe ngasentla. Ngoku kuba lula ukuqonda ukuba ngubani onokuba yingcali ye-DevOps. Kuvela ukuba indlela elula yokutshintshela kulo msebenzi ngabameli bezinye iingcali ze-IT, ngakumbi abalawuli benkqubo kunye nabaphuhlisi. Bobabini banokunyusa ngokukhawuleza inani elilahlekileyo lamava kunye nolwazi. Sele benesiqingatha seseti efunekayo, kwaye kaninzi ngaphezu kwesiqingatha.
Abavavanyi nabo benza iinjineli ezibalaseleyo zeDevOps. Bayazi into esebenzayo kunye nendlela esebenza ngayo, bayazazi iintsilelo kunye neentsilelo zesofthiwe kunye ne-hardware. Sinokuthi umvavanyi owazi iilwimi zeprogram kwaye uyazi ukubhala iinkqubo yiDevOps ngaphandle kwemizuzu emihlanu.
Kodwa kuya kuba nzima kummeli we-non-technical specialty ongazange ajongane nophuhliso okanye ulawulo lwenkqubo. Ewe, akukho nto ingenakwenzeka, kodwa abaqalayo basafuna ukuvavanya ngokwaneleyo amandla abo. Kuya kuthatha ixesha elide ukufumana "umthwalo" ofunekayo.
Ingaba iDevOps ingawufumana phi umsebenzi?
Kwinkampani enkulu umsebenzi wayo uhambelana ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo kuphuhliso lwesicelo kunye nolawulo lwehardware. Ukunqongophala okukhulu kweenjineli ze-DevOps kwiinkampani ezibonelela ngenani elikhulu leenkonzo zokuphelisa abathengi. Ezi ziibhanki, abaqhubi be-telecom, ababoneleli abakhulu be-Intanethi, njl. Phakathi kweenkampani eziqeshe iinjineli zeDevOps nguGoogle, Facebook, Amazon, kunye neAdobe.
Ukuqalisa ngamashishini amancinci nawo aphumeza i-DevOps, kodwa uninzi lwezi nkampani, ukumema iinjineli ze-DevOps yeyona nto iphambili kunesidingo sokwenyani. Ewe, kukho izinto ezingafaniyo, kodwa azikho ezininzi. Iinkampani ezincinci zifuna, kunoko, "iSwitzerland, umvuni, kunye nombhobho," oko kukuthi, umntu okwaziyo ukusebenza kwiindawo ezininzi. Isikhululo senkonzo esilungileyo sinako ukumelana nayo yonke le nto. Inyani yeyokuba isantya somsebenzi sibalulekile kumashishini amancinci; ukuphuculwa kweenkqubo zomsebenzi kubalulekile kumashishini aphakathi namakhulu.
Nazi ezinye izithuba (ungalandela ezitsha kwiHabr Career apha ):
Umvuzo we-DevOps eRashiya nakwihlabathi
ERashiya, umvuzo oqhelekileyo wenjineli ye-DevOps malunga ne-132 lamawaka eeruble ngenyanga. Olu lubalo lwekhatyhuleyitha yomvuzo wenkonzo yeHabr Career, eyenziwe ngokwesiseko semibuzo eyi-170 yesiqingatha sesibini sika-2. Ewe, isampuli ayinkulu kangako, kodwa ifanelekile "njengobushushu obuphakathi esibhedlele."
Kukho imivuzo kwisixa sama-ruble angama-250 amawaka, kukho malunga nama-80 amawaka kwaye aphantsi kancinci. Konke kuxhomekeke kwinkampani, iziqinisekiso kunye nengcali ngokwayo, kunjalo.
Ngokuphathelele kwamanye amazwe, izibalo zemivuzo ziyaziwa. Iingcali ze-Stack Overflow zenze umsebenzi omhle, zihlalutya iiprofayili malunga ne-90 amawaka abantu - kungekhona kuphela i-DevOps, kodwa nabameli beengcali zobugcisa ngokubanzi. Kwavela ukuba uMphathi weNjineli kunye ne-DevOps bafumana eyona nto.
Injineli ye-DevOps ifumana malunga ne-71 yeedola lamawaka ngonyaka. Ngokutsho kwe-Ziprecruiter.com yomthombo, umvuzo wengcali kule ntsimi isuka kwi-86 yewaka ngonyaka. Ewe, inkonzo ye-Payscale.com ibonisa amanani athile akholisa kakhulu - umvuzo oqhelekileyo wengcali ye-DevOps, ngokwenkonzo, idlula i-$ 91 lamawaka. Kwaye lo ngumvuzo wengcali encinci, ngelixa umntu ophezulu unako ukufumana i-$ 135 lamawaka.
Njengokuqukumbela, kufanelekile ukutsho ukuba imfuno ye-DevOps ikhula ngokuthe ngcembe; imfuno yeengcali zalo naliphi na inqanaba lingaphezulu kobonelelo. Ke ukuba uyafuna, ungazama ngokwakho kule ndawo. Liyinyaniso elokuba, simele sikhumbule ukuba umnqweno wodwa awanele. Kufuneka ukhule rhoqo, ufunde kwaye usebenze.
umthombo: www.habr.com