U-Anton Weiss, umseki kunye nomlawuli we-Otomato Software, omnye wabaqalisi kunye nabahlohli besatifikethi sokuqala se-DevOps kwaSirayeli, wathetha kunyaka ophelileyo. malunga nethiyori yesiphithiphithi kunye nemigaqo ephambili yobunjineli besiphithiphithi, kwaye yachaza nendlela intlangano efanelekileyo ye-DevOps yexesha elizayo isebenza ngayo.
Silungiselele ingxelo yombhalo wengxelo.
Molo
DevOpsDays eMoscow kunyaka wesibini ngokulandelelana, eli lixesha lam lesibini kweli nqanaba, abaninzi benu kweli gumbi okwesibini. Ingaba ithetha ntoni? Oku kuthetha ukuba intshukumo ye-DevOps eRashiya ikhula, iphindaphinda, kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, kuthetha ukuba ixesha lifikile lokuthetha malunga nokuba yiyiphi i-DevOps kwi-2018.
Phakamisa izandla zakho ocinga ukuba i-DevOps isele ingumsebenzi kwi-2018? Kukho abanjalo. Ngaba zikhona iinjineli ze-DevOps kwigumbi elinenkcazo yomsebenzi ethi "iNjineli ye-DevOps"? Ngaba kukho abaphathi beDevOps kwigumbi? Akukho nto injalo. Abayili beDevOps? Kwakhona akukho. Ayonelanga. Ngaba yinyani ukuba akukho mntu uthi yinjineli ye-DevOps?
Ke uninzi lwenu ucinga ukuba le yipatheni echaseneyo? Ngaba umsebenzi onjalo awufanele ubekho? Sinokucinga nantoni na esiyifunayo, kodwa ngelixa sicinga, ishishini liqhubela phambili ngokunyanisekileyo kwisandi sexilongo le-DevOps.
Ngubani okhe weva ngesihloko esitsha esibizwa ngokuba yiDevDevOps? Le yindlela entsha evumela intsebenziswano esebenzayo phakathi kwabaphuhlisi kunye ne-devops. Kwaye ayintshanga kangako. Ukujonga nge-Twitter, sele beqalile ukuthetha ngale nto kwiminyaka eyi-4 edlulileyo. Kwaye kude kube ngoku, inzala kule nto ikhula kwaye ikhula, oko kukuthi, kukho ingxaki. Ingxaki ifuna ukusonjululwa.
Singabantu abanobuchule, asiphumli nje ngokulula. Sithi: I-DevOps ayilogama elibanzi ngokwaneleyo; isaswele zonke iintlobo zezinto ezahlukeneyo, ezinomdla. Kwaye siya kwiilebhu zethu ezifihlakeleyo kwaye siqale ukuvelisa iinguqu ezinomdla: iDevTestOps, GitOps, DevSecOps, BizDevOps, ProdOps.
Ingqiqo i-ironclad, akunjalo? Inkqubo yethu yokuhambisa ayisebenzi, iinkqubo zethu azinzanga kwaye abasebenzisi bethu abanelisekanga, asinalo ixesha lokukhupha isofthiwe ngexesha, asifanelekanga kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali. Siza kuyicombulula njani yonke le nto? Siza kuza negama elitsha! Iya kugqiba nge "Ops" kwaye ingxaki isonjululwe.
Ke ndibiza le ndlela- "Ops, kwaye ingxaki isonjululwe."
Yonke le nto ibuyela ngasemva ukuba siyazikhumbuza ukuba kutheni size nayo yonke le nto. Size nayo yonke le nto ye-DevOps ukwenza ukuhanjiswa kwesoftware kunye nomsebenzi wethu kule nkqubo njengokungathintelekiyo, ngaphandle kwentlungu, esebenzayo, kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, yonwabise ngokusemandleni.
I-DevOps ikhule kwiintlungu. Kwaye sidiniwe kukubandezeleka. Kwaye ukuze konke oku kwenzeke, sithembele kwizenzo ezihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala ziluhlaza
Yintoni inkqubo?
Kwaye ukuba sele sithetha ngeenkqubo zokucinga, masizikhumbuze ukuba yintoni inkqubo.
Ukuba ungumkhangeli wenguqu, ngoko kuwe inkqubo imbi ngokucacileyo. Lilifu elijinga phezu kwakho kwaye likunyanzela ukuba wenze izinto ongafuni ukuzenza.
Ukusuka kwimbono yeenkqubo zokucinga, inkqubo yinto yonke equkethe iinxalenye. Ngale ndlela, ngamnye wethu uyinkqubo. Imibutho esisebenza kuyo ziinkqubo. Kwaye le nto mna nawe siyakhayo kuthiwa yinkqubo.
Konke oku kuyinxalenye yenkqubo enye enkulu yezentlalo nobuchwepheshe. Kwaye kuphela ukuba siyayiqonda indlela le nkqubo ye-socio-teknoloji esebenza ngayo kunye, kuphela emva koko siya kukwazi ukunyusa ngokwenene into kulo mbandela.
Ukusuka kwindlela yokucinga yenkqubo, inkqubo ineempawu ezahlukeneyo ezinomdla. Okokuqala, iqulethwe ngamalungu, oko kuthetha ukuba ukuziphatha kwayo kuxhomekeke kwindlela yokuziphatha kwamalungu. Ngaphezu koko, onke amalungu awo axhomekeke kwelinye. Kuyavela ukuba okukhona inkqubo inamalungu amaninzi, kokukhona kuya kuba nzima ukuqonda okanye ukuqikelela indlela yokuziphatha kwayo.
Ukusuka kumbono wokuziphatha, kukho enye into enomdla. Inkqubo inokwenza into engenakuyenza inxalenye yayo nganye.
Njengoko uGqr. Russell Ackoff (omnye wabaseki benkqubo yokucinga) watsho, oku kulula kakhulu ukungqina ngovavanyo lokucinga. Ngokomzekelo, ngubani egumbini owaziyo ukubhala ikhowudi? Kukho izandla ezininzi, kwaye oku kuqhelekileyo, kuba le yenye yeemfuno eziphambili zomsebenzi wethu. Ngaba uyayazi indlela yokubhala, kodwa ngaba izandla zakho zingabhala ikhowudi ngokwahlukileyo kuwe? Kukho abantu abaya kuthi: "Ayizozandla zam ezibhala ikhowudi, yingqondo yam ebhala ikhowudi." Ngaba ingqondo yakho ingabhala ikhowudi ngokwahlukileyo kuwe? Ewe, mhlawumbi akunjalo.
Ingqondo ngumatshini omangalisayo, asazi ne-10% yendlela esebenza ngayo apho, kodwa ayikwazi ukusebenza ngokwahlukileyo kwinkqubo engumzimba wethu. Kwaye oku kulula ukubonisa: vula i-skull yakho, khupha ingqondo yakho, uyibeke phambi kwekhompyutheni, makazame ukubhala into elula. "Molo, ihlabathi" kwiPython, umzekelo.
Ukuba inkqubo inokwenza into ekungekho nalinye kumalungu ayo anokuyenza ngokwahlukileyo, oko kuthetha ukuba ukuziphatha kwayo akumiselwa yindlela amalungu ayo aziphatha ngayo. Kugqitywe ngantoni ke ngoko? Kumiselwa yintsebenziswano phakathi kwala malungu. Kwaye ngokufanelekileyo, iindawo ezininzi, ukudibanisa ngakumbi, kunzima ukuqonda nokuqikelela indlela yokuziphatha kwenkqubo. Kwaye oku kwenza inkqubo enjalo iphazamisekile, kuba nayiphi na, nokuba yinto engabalulekanga, inguqu engabonakaliyo kuyo nayiphi na inxalenye yenkqubo inokukhokelela kwiziphumo ezingalindelekanga ngokupheleleyo.
Olu buntununtunu kwiimeko zokuqala lwafunyanwa kwaye lwafundwa yingcali yemozulu yaseMelika uEd Lorenz. Emva koko, yabizwa ngokuba yi "butterfly effect" kwaye yakhokelela ekuphuhliseni intshukumo yeengcamango zenzululwazi ebizwa ngokuba yi "chaos theory." Le thiyori yaba yenye yeenguqu ezinkulu zeparadigm kwisayensi yenkulungwane yama-20.
Chaos ithiyori
Abantu abafunda isiphithiphithi bazibiza ngokuba ngama-chaosologists.
Enyanisweni, isizathu sale ngxelo kukuba, ukusebenza kunye neenkqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezisasazwayo kunye nemibutho emikhulu yamazwe ngamazwe, ngaxa lithile ndaqonda ukuba yile nto ndivakalelwa ngayo. Ndingusosiphithiphithi. Ngokusisiseko le yindlela ekrelekrele yokuthetha: "Andiyiqondi into eyenzekayo apha kwaye andazi ukuba ndenze ntoni ngayo."
Ndicinga ukuba uninzi lwenu luhlala luziva ngolu hlobo, ngoko ke nikwangama-chaosologists. Ndiyakumema kumbutho we chaosologists. Iinkqubo esiza kuzifundela mna nawe, oogxa bethu abathandekayo, zibizwa ngokuba βziinkqubo eziguqukayo ezintsonkothileyo.β
Yintoni ukuziqhelanisa neemeko? Ukuguquguquka kuthetha ukuba umntu kunye nokuziphatha okuhlangeneyo kwamalungu kwinkqubo enjalo yokuguqula kwaye azilungiselele, ukuphendula kwiziganeko okanye amatyathanga eminyhadala emincinci kwinkqubo. Oko kukuthi, inkqubo iqhelana neenguqu ngokuzilungiselela. Kwaye obu buchule bokuziququzelela busekelwe kwintsebenziswano yokuzithandela, enikezela ngokupheleleyo kwiiarhente ezizimeleyo ezikhululekileyo.
Enye ipropati enomdla yeenkqubo ezinjalo kukuba zikhululekile ngokukhululekileyo. Yintoni ekufuneka ngokuqinisekileyo ibe nomdla kuthi, njenge-chaosologists-iinjineli. Ngoko ke, ukuba sithe ukuziphatha kwenkqubo entsonkothileyo kumiselwa ngokudibana kwamalungu ayo, ngoko yintoni esifanele sibe nomdla kuyo? Ukusebenzisana.
Kukho ezinye izinto ezimbini ezinomdla ezifunyenweyo.
Okokuqala, siyaqonda ukuba inkqubo entsonkothileyo ayinakwenziwa lula ngokwenza amalungu ayo abe lula. Okwesibini, ekuphela kwendlela yokwenza lula inkqubo entsonkothileyo kukwenza lula ukusebenzisana phakathi kwamalungu ayo.
Sisebenzisana njani? Mna nawe singamalungu enkqubo enkulu yolwazi ebizwa ngokuba luluntu. Sisebenzisana ngolwimi oluqhelekileyo, ukuba sinalo, ukuba siyalufumana.
Kodwa ulwimi ngokwalo luyinkqubo entsonkothileyo eguqukayo. Ngokufanelekileyo, ukuze sisebenze ngokufanelekileyo nangokulula, kufuneka senze uhlobo oluthile lweprotocol. Oko kukuthi, ulandelelwano oluthile lweempawu kunye nezenzo eziya kwenza ukutshintshiselwa kolwazi phakathi kwethu kube lula, kuqikelelwe ngakumbi, kuqondakala ngakumbi.
Ndifuna ukuthi iindlela eziya kubunzima, ukuguquguquka, ukuya kulawulo lwamagunya, ukuya kwisiphithiphithi zinokulandelelwa kuyo yonke into. Kwaye kwiinkqubo ezakhayo wena kunye nam, kwaye kwezo nkqubo siyinxalenye yazo.
Kwaye singangabinasiseko, makhe sijonge indlela ezitshintsha ngayo iinkqubo esizenzayo.
Ubulindele elilizwi, ndiyaqonda. Sikwinkomfa ye-DevOps, namhlanje eli lizwi liza kuvakala malunga namaxesha alikhulu lamawaka kwaye emva koko siya kuliphupha ebusuku.
Ii-Microservices zezoyilo zokuqala zesoftware eziye zavela njengempendulo kwimisebenzi ye-DevOps, eyilelwe ukwenza iinkqubo zethu zibe bhetyebhetye ngakumbi, zihlaziywe ngakumbi, kwaye ziqinisekise ukuhanjiswa okuqhubekayo. Uyenza njani le nto? Ngokunciphisa umthamo weenkonzo, ukunciphisa umda weengxaki eziqhuba ezi nkonzo, ukunciphisa ixesha lokunikezelwa. Oko kukuthi, sinciphisa kwaye senze lula iinxalenye zenkqubo, ukwandisa inani labo, kwaye ngokufanelekileyo, ubunzima bokusebenzisana phakathi kwezi nxalenye kwandisa ngokungaguqukiyo, oko kukuthi, kuvela iingxaki ezintsha ekufuneka sizisombulule.
I-Microservices ayisosiphelo, ii-microservices, ngokubanzi, sele sele izolo, kuba i-Serverless iza. Zonke iiseva zitshiswe phantsi, akukho ziseva, akukho zinkqubo zokusebenza, ikhowudi nje ephunyeziweyo esulungekileyo. Ulungelelwaniso lwahlukile, amazwe ahlukeneyo, yonke into ilawulwa ziziganeko. Ubuhle, ukucoceka, ukuthula, akukho ziganeko, akukho nto eyenzekayo, ulungelelwano olupheleleyo.
Buphi ubunzima? Ubunzima, ngokuqinisekileyo, bukwintsebenziswano. Ingakanani into enokwenziwa umsebenzi omnye ngokwawo? Isebenzisana njani neminye imisebenzi? Imigca yemiyalezo, oovimba beenkcukacha, abalinganisi. Indlela yokuphinda wenze isiganeko xa ukusilela kwenzeke? Imibuzo emininzi kunye neempendulo ezimbalwa.
Ii-Microservices kunye ne-Serverless yinto esiyibiza ngokuba yi-geek hipsters kwi-Cloud Native. Konke malunga nelifu. Kodwa ilifu likwanomda ngokwendalo ekulinganiseni kwalo. Siqhele ukucinga ngayo njengenkqubo esasazwayo. Enyanisweni, bahlala phi abanikezeli belifu? Kumaziko edatha. Oko kukuthi, sinohlobo olusembindini, olulinganiselweyo, imodeli esasaziweyo apha.
Namhlanje siyaqonda ukuba i-Intanethi yeZinto ayisengawo amagama amakhulu athi nangokutsho kwengqikelelo ethobekileyo, izigidi zezigidi zezixhobo eziqhagamshelwe kwi-Intanethi zisilindele kule minyaka mihlanu izayo ukuya kwelishumi. Isixa esikhulu sedatha eluncedo kwaye engenamsebenzi eya kudityaniswa efini kwaye ilayishwe efini.
Ilifu alizukuhlala, sithetha kakhulu ngento ebizwa ngokuba yi-edge computing. Okanye ndiyathanda inkcazo emangalisayo ye "fog computing". Igutyungelwe yimysticism ye-romanticism kunye nemfihlakalo.
Inkungu yekhompyutha. Ingongoma yeyokuba amafu aphakathi kwamanzi, umphunga, umkhenkce namatye. Yaye inkungu ngamathontsi amanzi athi saa esibhakabhakeni.
Kwi-paradigm yenkungu, uninzi lomsebenzi wenziwa ngala mathontsi ngokuzimeleyo okanye ngokusebenzisana namanye amathontsi. Kwaye bajikela efini kuphela xa becinezelekile ngokwenene.
Oko kukuthi, kwakhona ukunikezelwa kwamagunya, ukuzimela, kwaye, ngokuqinisekileyo, abaninzi benu sele beqonda apho konke oku kuhamba khona, kuba awukwazi ukuthetha malunga nokusabalalisa ngaphandle kokukhankanya i-blockchain.
Kukho abo bakholwayo, aba ngabo batyale imali kwi-cryptocurrency. Kukho abo bakholwayo kodwa boyika, njengam, umzekelo. Kwaye kukho abangakholwayo. Apha ungaphatha ngokwahlukileyo. Kukho iteknoloji, into entsha engaziwayo, kukho iingxaki. Njengayo nayiphi na itekhnoloji entsha, iphakamisa imibuzo emininzi kuneempendulo.
I-hype ejikeleze i-blockchain iyaqondakala. Ukungxama kwegolide ecaleni, itekhnoloji ngokwayo inezithembiso ezimangalisayo zekamva eliqaqambileyo: inkululeko ethe kratya, ukuzimela okuthe kratya, ukusasazwa kwentembeko yehlabathi. Yintoni ongayifuni?
Ngokufanelekileyo, ngakumbi nangakumbi iinjineli kwihlabathi liphela ziqala ukuphuhlisa usetyenziso olunatyisiweyo. Kwaye eli ligunya elingenako ukugxothwa ngokuthi: "Ahh, i-blockchain yindawo egciniweyo esasazwa kakuhle." Okanye njengoko abantu abathandabuzayo bethanda ukuthi: "Akukho zicelo zokwenyani ze-blockchain." Ukuba ucinga ngako, kwiminyaka eyi-150 eyadlulayo bathetha into efanayo ngombane. Yaye ayechane ngandlelβ ithile, kuba oko umbane ubangela ukuba kwenzeke namhlanje kwakungenakwenzeka nangayiphi na indlela ngenkulungwane ye-19.
Ngendlela, ngubani owaziyo ukuba luhlobo luni lwelogo ekwisikrini? Le yiHyperledger. Le yiprojekthi ephuhliswayo phantsi kwenkxaso ye-Linux Foundation kwaye ibandakanya iseti yetekhnoloji yebhloko. Ngokwenene la ngamandla oluntu lwethu oluvulelekileyo.
Ubunjineli besiphithiphithi
Ke, inkqubo esiyiphuhlisayo iya isiba nzima ngakumbi, isiphithiphithi ngakumbi nangakumbi, kwaye iya iqhelana ngakumbi nangakumbi. I-Netflix ngoovulindlela beenkqubo ezincinci zenkonzo. Babephakathi kwabokuqala ukuyiqonda le nto, baphuhlisa iseti yezixhobo abazibiza ngokuba yiSimian Army, eyona yayidume kakhulu . Wachaza oko kwaziwa ngokuba .
Ngendlela, kwinkqubo yokusebenza kwingxelo, saze saguqulela lo mbhalo kwisiRashiya, ngoko ke yiya , funda, phawula, ngxolisa.
Ngokufutshane, imigaqo yobunjineli besiphithiphithi ithetha oku kulandelayo. Iinkqubo ezisasazekileyo ezintsonkothileyo aziqikeleleki ngokwendalo kwaye zibuggy ngokwendalo. Iimpazamo azinakuphepheka, oku kuthetha ukuba kufuneka samkele ezi mpazamo kwaye sisebenze nezi nkqubo ngendlela eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo.
Thina ngokwethu kufuneka sizame ukwazisa ezi mpazamo kwiinkqubo zethu zemveliso ukuze sivavanye iinkqubo zethu zokuguquguquka okufanayo, obu buchule bokuzicwangcisa, ukuze siphile.
Kwaye oko kutshintsha yonke into. Ayisiyiyo kuphela indlela esiqalisa ngayo iinkqubo kwimveliso, kodwa nendlela esiziphuhlisa ngayo, sizivavanya njani. Akukho nkqubo yokuzinzisa okanye ukukhenkceza kwekhowudi, ngokuchaseneyo, kukho inkqubo eqhubekayo yokumisa. Sizama ukubulala inkqubo kwaye siyibone iqhubeka iphila.
IiProtokholi zokuDityaniswa kweNkqubo
Ngokufanelekileyo, oku kufuna ukuba iinkqubo zethu zitshintshe ngandlela ithile. Ukuze bazinze ngakumbi, bafuna iiprothokholi ezintsha zokunxibelelana phakathi kwamalungu abo. Ukuze ezi nxalenye zivumelane kwaye zize kuhlobo oluthile lokuzihlanganisa. Kwaye zonke iintlobo zezixhobo ezitsha, kuvela iiprothokholi ezintsha, endizibiza ngokuba "ziiprothokholi zokunxibelelana kweenkqubo ezisasazwayo."
Ndithetha ngantoni? Okokuqala, iprojekthi . Ezinye iinzame zokuyila iprothokholi esasazwe ngokubanzi yokulandelela, esisixhobo esiyimfuneko kakhulu sokulungisa iisistim ezisasaziweyo ezinzima.
Ngaphaya koko - . Sithi asinakuqikelela ukuba kuya kwenzeka ntoni kwinkqubo, oko kukuthi, kufuneka sandise ukubonakala kwayo, ukubonwa kwayo. I-Opentracing yeyosapho lwezixhobo ezibonisa ukubonakala kwiinkqubo zethu. Kodwa kufuneka siqwalaselwe ukuze siqonde ukuba inkqubo iziphatha ngendlela ebesilindele ngayo okanye hayi. Siyichaza njani indlela yokuziphatha elindelekileyo? Ngokuchaza uhlobo oluthile lomgaqo-nkqubo, isethi yemithetho ethile. Iprojekthi ye-Open Policy Agent isebenza ukucacisa olu seti yemithetho kuwo wonke ama-spectrum ukusuka ekufikeleleni ukuya kulwabiwo lwezibonelelo.
Njengoko besitshilo, iinkqubo zethu ziya ziqhutywa ziziganeko. I-Serverless ngumzekelo omhle weenkqubo eziqhutywa yisiganeko. Ukuze sitshintshe iziganeko phakathi kweenkqubo kwaye sizilandelele, sifuna ulwimi oluqhelekileyo, iprotocol eqhelekileyo yendlela esithetha ngayo ngeziganeko, indlela esizidlulisela ngayo komnye nomnye. Le yindlela ebizwa ngayo iprojekthi .
Uluhlu oluqhubekayo lotshintsho oluhlamba kwiinkqubo zethu, luhlala luphazamisa, luyinkqubo eqhubekayo ye-artifacts yesofthiwe. Ukuze sigcine olu tshintsho oluqhubekayo, sifuna uhlobo oluthile lweprothokholi eqhelekileyo apho sinokuthetha malunga nokuba yintoni i-artifact yesofthiwe, ivavanywa njani, yintoni isiqinisekiso esiyidlulile. Le yindlela ebizwa ngayo iprojekthi . Oko kukuthi, iprotocol yemethadatha eqhelekileyo yee-artifacts zesoftware.
Kwaye okokugqibela, ukuba sifuna ukuba iinkqubo zethu zizimele ngokupheleleyo, zilungelelane, kwaye zizilungelelanise, kufuneka sizinike ilungelo lokuzazisa. Iprojekthi ebizwa Yiloo nto kanye ayenzayo. Le ikwayiprojekthi ephantsi koncedo lweCloud Native Computing Foundation.
Zonke ezi projekthi zincinci, zonke zidinga uthando lwethu, ukuqinisekiswa kwethu. Lo ngumthombo ovulekileyo wonke, uvavanyo lwethu, ukuphunyezwa kwethu. Zisibonisa apho iteknoloji ibheka khona.
Kodwa i-DevOps ayizange ibe yinto ephambili malunga neteknoloji, ibisoloko imalunga nentsebenziswano phakathi kwabantu. Kwaye, ngokufanelekileyo, ukuba sifuna ukuba iinkqubo esiziphuhlisayo zitshintshe, ke thina kufuneka sitshintshe. Ngapha koko, siyatshintsha nakanjani; asinakukhetha okuninzi.
Kukho okumangalisayo Umbhali waseBritani uRachel Botsman, apho abhala khona ngendaleko yokuthembana kuyo yonke imbali yoluntu. Uthi ekuqaleni, kuluntu lwamandulo, ukuthembana kwakuyinto yasekuhlaleni, oko kukuthi, sasithembela kuphela abo sibaziyo ngokobuqu.
Kwaye kwabakho ixesha elide kakhulu - ixesha elimnyama apho ukuthembana kwakubekwe kwindawo enye, xa saqala ukuthemba abantu esingabaziyo ngenxa yokuba sivela kwiziko likarhulumente elinye okanye likarhulumente.
Kwaye nantsi into esiyibonayo kwihlabathi lethu lanamhlanje: ukuthembana kuya kusasazeka ngakumbi nangakumbi kunye nokusabalalisa amagunya, kwaye kusekelwe kwinkululeko yolwazi, ekufumanekeni kolwazi.
Ukuba ucinga ngako, oku kufikeleleka kakhulu, okwenza oku kuthembana kwenzeke, yinto wena kunye nam esiyenzayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba zombini indlela esisebenzisana ngayo kunye nendlela esenza ngayo kufuneka itshintshe, kuba i-IT ephakathi, imibutho ye-IT yakudala ayisasebenzi. Baqala ukufa.
DevOps Umbutho Iziseko
Umbutho ofanelekileyo we-DevOps wekamva yinkqubo yokwabela amagunya, elungelelanisiweyo eyenziwe ngamaqela azimeleyo, ngalinye liquka abantu abazimeleyo. La maqela asasazeke kwihlabathi liphela, esebenzisana ngokufanelekileyo omnye komnye kusetyenziswa unxibelelwano olungena-asynchronous, kusetyenziswa iiprothokholi zonxibelelwano eziselubala. Intle kakhulu, akunjalo? Ikamva elihle kakhulu.
Kakade ke, akukho nanye kwezi zinto enokwenzeka ngaphandle kokutshintsha kwenkcubeko. Kufuneka sibe nobunkokheli benguqu, uxanduva lomntu, inkuthazo yangaphakathi.
Esi sisiseko semibutho ye-DevOps: ulwazi oluselubala, unxibelelwano olungahambelaniyo, ubunkokeli benguqu, ukunatyiswa kwamagunya.
Utshe waphela
Iinkqubo esiyinxalenye yazo kunye nezo sizakhayo ziya zisiba nesiphithiphithi, kwaye kunzima kuthi bantu ukumelana nale ngcinga, kunzima ukuncama inkohliso yolawulo. Sizama ukuqhubeka sizilawula, yaye oku kudla ngokukhokelela ekudinweni. Ndithetha oku ngokwam amava, ndiye ndatsha, ndaphinda ndakhubazeka ngenxa yokungaphumeleli okungalindelekanga kwimveliso.
Ukudinwa ngokugqithiseleyo kwenzeka xa sizama ukulawula into engalawulekiyo ngokwemvelo. Xa sitshisa, yonke into ilahlekelwa yintsingiselo yayo ngenxa yokuba silahlekelwa ngumnqweno wokwenza into entsha, sifumana ukuzikhusela kwaye siqale ukukhusela oko sinakho.
Umsebenzi wobunjineli, njengoko ndihlala ndithanda ukuzikhumbuza, okokuqala kwaye phambili ngumsebenzi wokudala. Ukuba silahlekelwa ngumnqweno wokudala into ethile, ngoko sijika sibe ngumlotha, siguquke sibe ngumlotha. Abantu bayatsha, imibutho yonke iyatsha.
Ngokombono wam, ukwamkela kuphela amandla okudala esiphithiphithi, kuphela ukwakha intsebenziswano ngokwemigaqo yayo oko kuya kusinceda ukuba singalahlekelwa yinto enhle kumsebenzi wethu.
Nantsi into endikunqwenelela yona: ukuthanda umsebenzi wakho, ukuthanda oko sikwenzayo. Eli hlabathi lizondla ngolwazi, sinewonga lokulondla. Ke makhe sifunde isiphithiphithi, sibe zii-chaosologists, sizise ixabiso, senze into entsha, ke, iingxaki, njengoko sele sibonile, azinakuphepheka, kwaye xa zivela, siya kuthi "Ops!" Kwaye ingxaki iyasonjululwa.
Yintoni enye ngaphandle kwe-Chaos Monkey?
Enyanisweni, zonke ezi zixhobo zincinci. I-Netflix efanayo izakhele izixhobo. Yakha izixhobo zakho. Funda imigaqo yobunjineli besiphithiphithi kwaye uphile ngokuvisisana naloo migaqo kunokuzama ukufumana ezinye izixhobo esele zakhiwe ngomnye umntu.
Zama ukuqonda ukuba iinkqubo zakho ziqhekeka njani kwaye uqale ukuziqhekeza kwaye ubone ukuba zibambelela njani. Oku kuza kuqala. Kwaye unokukhangela izixhobo. Kukho zonke iintlobo zeeprojekthi.
Khange ndiwuqonde kakuhle umzuzu xa ubusithi inkqubo ayinakwenziwa lula ngokwenza lula izinto zayo, kwaye kwangoko idlulele kwii-microservices, ezenza lula inkqubo ngokwenza lula amacandelo ngokwawo kunye nokwenza nzima ukusebenzisana. La ngamalungu amabini aphikisanayo.
Kulungile, ii-microservices zisihloko esiphikisana kakhulu ngokubanzi. Enyanisweni, ukwenza lula amalungu kwandisa ukuguquguquka. Zibonelela ngantoni iimicroservices? Zisinika ukuguquguquka kunye nesantya, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo azisiniki lula. Bandisa ubunzima.
Ke, kwifilosofi ye-DevOps, ii-microservices ayisiyonto ilungileyo?
Nayiphi na into entle inecala elingasemva. Inzuzo kukuba ikwandisa ukuguquguquka, okusivumela ukuba senze utshintsho ngokukhawuleza, kodwa kwandisa ubunzima kwaye ngoko ke ubuthathaka benkqubo yonke.
Sekunjalo, yintoni egxininiswa ngakumbi: ekwenzeni lula ukusebenzisana okanye ekwenzeni lula iindawo?
Ugxininiso, ngokuqinisekileyo, kukwenza lula ukusebenzisana, kuba ukuba sijonga oku ngokwembono yendlela esisebenza ngayo nawe, ngoko, okokuqala, kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo ekwenzeni lula ukusebenzisana, kwaye kungekhona ekwenzeni lula umsebenzi. ngamnye wethu ngokwahlukeneyo. Kuba ukwenza lula umsebenzi kuthetha ukujika ube ziirobhothi. Apha eMcDonald's isebenza ngokuqhelekileyo xa unemiyalelo: apha ubeka i-burger, apha ugalela isosi kuyo. Oku akusebenzi konke konke kumsebenzi wethu wokudala.
Ngaba yinyani ukuba yonke into oyithethileyo ihlala kwihlabathi elingenalo ukhuphiswano, kwaye isiphithiphithi esikhoyo sinobubele, kwaye akukho kuphikisana phakathi kwesi siphithiphithi, akukho mntu ufuna ukutya okanye ukubulala nabani na? Kufuneka kuqhube njani ukhuphiswano kunye neDevOps?
Ewe, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lokhuphiswano esithetha ngalo. Ngaba imalunga nokhuphiswano emsebenzini okanye ukhuphiswano phakathi kweenkampani?
Malunga nokhuphiswano lweenkonzo ezikhoyo kuba iinkonzo azikho iinkampani ezininzi. Senza uhlobo olutsha lwemekobume yolwazi, kwaye nayiphi na imeko ayinakuphila ngaphandle kokhuphiswano. Kukho ukhuphiswano kuyo yonke indawo.
I-Netflix efanayo, sibathatha njengomzekelo. Kutheni beze nale nto? Kuba kwakufuneka bakhuphisane. Oku bhetyebhetye kunye nesantya sokushukuma yeyona nto ifunekayo kukhuphiswano; ingenisa isiphithiphithi kwiinkqubo zethu. Oko kukuthi, isiphithiphithi asiyonto siqonda ngayo kuba siyifuna, yinto eyenzekayo kuba ilizwe liyayifuna. Kufuneka nje siziqhelanise. Kwaye isiphithiphithi, sisiphumo kanye sokhuphiswano.
Ngaba oku kuthetha ukuba isiphithiphithi kukungabikho kweenjongo, ngokungathi kunjalo? Okanye ezo njongo singafuni ukuzibona? Sisendlini kwaye asiziqondi iinjongo zabanye. Ukhuphiswano, enyanisweni, lubangelwa kukuba sineenjongo ezicacileyo kwaye siyazi ukuba siya kuphelela phi ngomzuzu ngamnye olandelayo ngexesha. Oku, ngokombono wam, ngundoqo we-DevOps.
Kwakhona jonga umbuzo. Ndicinga ukuba sonke sinenjongo enye: ukusinda kwaye siyenze ngayo
ulonwabo olukhulu. Kwaye injongo yokhuphiswano yawo nawuphi na umbutho iyafana. Ukusinda kuhlala kwenzeka ngokhuphiswano, akukho nto unokuyenza ngayo.
Inkomfa yalo nyaka iya kwenzeka nge-7 kaDisemba eTechnopolis. Siyazamkela izicelo zeengxelo kude kube ngowe-11 kaNovemba. nathi ukuba ungathanda ukuthetha.
Ukubhaliswa kwabathathi-nxaxheba kuvuliwe, amathikithi abiza i-ruble ye-7000. Dibana nathi!
umthombo: www.habr.com