Kutshanje, ezo zibhengezo ziye zagcwala kwi-Intanethi. Ngaphandle komvuzo oncumisayo, ubani akanakuzibamba kodwa abe neentloni kukuba uqhekeko lwasendle lubhalwe ngaphakathi. Ekuqaleni kucingelwa ukuba "i-DevOps" kunye ne "injineli" inokudityaniswa ngandlela-thile ibe ligama elinye, kwaye ke kukho uluhlu olungenamkhethe lweemfuno, ezinye zazo zikhutshelwe ngokucacileyo kwisithuba se-sysadmin.
Kule post ndingathanda ukuthetha kancinci malunga nendlela esifike ngayo kweli nqanaba lobomi, yintoni i-DevOps ngokwenene kwaye yintoni enokuyenza ngayo ngoku.
Izithuba ezinjalo zinokugwetywa ngandlela zonke, kodwa inyaniso ihleli: zininzi zazo, kwaye yile ndlela imarike isebenza ngayo okwangoku. Sibambe inkomfa ye-devops kwaye sabhengeza ngokuphandle: “ - hayi kwiinjineli zeDevOps." Oku kuya kubonakala kungaqhelekanga kwaye kusendle kwabaninzi: kutheni abantu abenza umsitho wokurhweba ngokupheleleyo bechasene nemarike. Ngoku siza kucacisa yonke into.
Malunga nenkcubeko kunye neenkqubo
Masiqale ngenyani yokuba i-DevOps ayiloqeqesho lobunjineli. Konke kwaqala ngento yokuba ukwahlulwa kwendima esekwe ngokwembali akusebenzi kumgangatho weemveliso. Xa abadwelisi beprogram kuphela, kodwa abafuni kuva nantoni na malunga nokuvavanya, isofthiwe igcwele iibhugi. Xa ii-admins zingakhathali ukuba isoftware ibhalwe njani okanye kutheni, inkxaso ijika ibe sisihogo.
Ngokomzekelo, ukuchaza umahluko phakathi komlawuli wenkqubo kunye nendlela ye-SRE yokulawula inkonzo . Izifundo ezinomdla zenziwe ngaphakathi -kucacile ukuba abaphuhlisi abangcono ngandlela-thile balawula ukuhambisa utshintsho olutsha kwimveliso ngokukhawuleza kunokuba kanye ngeyure. Bavavanya ngezandla zabo akukho ngaphezu kwe-10% (oku kunokubonwa ). Bakwenza njani oku? Enye yezihloko zengxelo ithi, “Excel or die”. Ukufumana ingxoxo ecacileyo yezi zibalo kumxholo wovavanyo, ungabhekisa kwinqaku eliphambili likaBharuki Sadogursky. kwenye inkomfa yethu, Heisenbug.
“Xa kungekho mvisiswano phakathi kwamaqabane,
Izinto aziyi kubahambela kakuhle,
Kwaye akukho nto iya kuphuma kuyo, kuphela intuthumbo.
Kwakudala iSwan, iCrayfish kunye nePike..."
Yiyiphi inxalenye yabadwelisi bewebhu ocinga ukuba iyayiqonda ngokwenene iimeko apho izicelo zabo zisetyenziselwa imveliso? Bangaphi kubo abaya kwi-admins kwaye bazame ukuqonda ukuba kuya kwenzeka ntoni xa i-database iphahlazeka? Kwaye ngowuphi kubo oya kubavavanyi aze abacele ukuba babafundise ukubhala iimvavanyo ngokuchanekileyo? Kwaye kukho noonogada, abaphathi bemveliso, kunye neqela labanye abantu.
Umbono opheleleyo we-DevOps kukudala intsebenziswano phakathi kweendima kunye namasebe. Okokuqala, oku akuphunyezwanga ngesoftware ethile eqwalaselwe ngobuchule, kodwa ngokusebenza konxibelelwano. I-DevOps imalunga nenkcubeko, izenzo, indlela yokusebenza kunye neenkqubo. Akukho ngcaphephe yobunjineli enokuyiphendula le mibuzo.
Isangqa esikhohlakeleyo
Lwaluvela phi ke uqeqesho “lobunjineli bedevops” ngoko? Sinenguqulelo! Iingcamango ze-DevOps zazilungile-zilungile kangangokuba baba ngamaxhoba empumelelo yabo. Abanye abaqeshwa abanomthunzi kunye nabarhwebi ngabantu, abanomoya wabo, baqala ukujikeleza sonke esi sihloko.
Zibonele: izolo ubusenza ishawarma eKhimki, namhlanje sowuyindoda enkulu, i senior recruiter. Kukho inkqubo yonke yokukhangela kunye nokukhetha abaviwa, yonke into ayilula, kufuneka uqonde. Masithi intloko yesebe ithi: fumana ingcali kwi-X. Sabela igama elithi "injineli" ku-X, kwaye sigqibile. Ngaba ufuna iLinux? Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo le yinjineli yeLinux, ukuba ufuna iDevOps, emva koko injineli yeDevOps. Isithuba asiqulathanga isihloko kuphela, kodwa nesicatshulwa esithile kufuneka sifakwe ngaphakathi. Eyona ndlela ilula kukufaka iseti yamagama angundoqo ukusuka kuGoogle, kuxhomekeke kwingcinga yakho. I-DevOps inamagama amabini - "i-Dev" kunye ne "Ops", okuthetha ukuba kufuneka sincamathelise amagama angundoqo anxulumene nabaphuhlisi kunye nabalawuli bonke kwimfumba enye. Yile ndlela izithuba ezibonakala ngayo malunga nobuchule kwiilwimi zeprogram ezingama-42 kunye neminyaka engama-20 yokusebenzisa iKubernetes kunye neSwarm ngaxeshanye. Umzobo osebenzayo.
Yile ndlela umfanekiso ongenantsingiselo kunye ongenanceba we-superhero ethile "ye-devops" ithathe iingcambu kwiingqondo zabantu, abaya kulungelelanisa wonke umntu ukuba athumele kwi-Jenkins, kwaye ulonwabo luya kuza. Owu, ukuba nje yonke into ibilula. "Kwaye yile ndlela onokuthi uzingele ngayo abalawuli benkqubo," ucinga i-HR, "ligama lefashoni, amagama angundoqo ayafana, kufuneka bathathe isithiyelo."
Imfuno idala ubonelelo, kwaye zonke ezi zithuba zenkunkuma zizaliswe ngenani eliphambeneyo labalawuli benkqubo abaye baqonda: unokwenza yonke into ngendlela efanayo nangaphambili, kodwa ufumane amaxesha amaninzi ngokuzibiza ngokuba “zidevops.” Kanye njengoko uqwalasele iiseva usebenzisa i-SSH ngesandla enye ngexesha, uya kuqhubeka nokubaqwalasela, kodwa ngoku oku kuthiwa kukuziqhelanisa ne-devops. Olu luhlobo oluthile lwento entsonkothileyo, ngokuyinxenye enxulumene nokujongelwa phantsi kwee-admins zakudala kunye ne-hype ejikeleze i-DevOps, kodwa ngokubanzi, kwenzeke ntoni.
Ke sinokubonelela kunye nemfuno. Isangqa esikhohlakeleyo esondla ngokwayo. Yile nto silwa nayo (kubandakanywa nokudala inkomfa ye-DevoOops).
Ewe kunjalo, ngaphandle kwabalawuli benkqubo abaye bazithiya igama elithi "devops," kukho abanye abathathi-nxaxheba-umzekelo, ii-SRE zobuchwephesha okanye abaphuhlisi be-Infrastructure-as-Code.
Yintoni eyenziwa ngabantu kwi-DevOps (ngokwenene)
Ke ufuna ukuya phambili ekufundeni nasekusebenziseni iinkqubo zeDevOps. Kodwa ukwenza njani oku, kweliphi icala ekufuneka ujonge kulo? Ngokucacileyo, akufuneki uthembele ngokumfamekileyo kumagama aphambili adumileyo.
Ukuba kukho umsebenzi, umntu kufuneka awenze. Sele sifumene ukuba ezi azizo "devops engineers", ke ngoobani? Kubonakala kuchanekile ngakumbi ukuqulunqa oku kungekhona ngokwezikhundla, kodwa ngokwemimandla ethile yomsebenzi.
Okokuqala, unokujongana nentliziyo ye-DevOps-iinkqubo kunye nenkcubeko. Inkcubeko lishishini elicothayo kwaye linzima, kwaye nangona ngokwesiko luxanduva lwabaphathi, wonke umntu ubandakanyeka ngendlela enye okanye enye, ukusuka kubadwelisi benkqubo ukuya kubalawuli. Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo uTim Lister :
“Inkcubeko imiselwa zezona nqobo zisemgangathweni zombutho. Ngokuqhelekileyo abantu abayiqapheli le nto, kodwa emva kokusebenza ngokubonisana iminyaka emininzi, siqhele ukuqaphela. Ungena kwinkampani kwaye ngokoqobo kwimizuzu embalwa uqala ukuva ukuba kwenzeka ntoni. Oku sikubiza "incasa". Ngamanye amaxesha eli vumba lilungile ngokwenene. Ngamanye amaxesha kubangela isicaphucaphu. (...) Awunako ukutshintsha inkcubeko de kuqondwe amaxabiso kunye neenkolelo emva kwezenzo ezithile. Ukuziphatha kulula ukujongwa, kodwa ukukhangela iinkolelo kunzima. I-DevOps ngumzekelo omhle wendlela izinto eziya zisiba nzima ngayo. ”
Kukwakho necandelo lobugcisa kulo mba, kunjalo. Ukuba ikhowudi yakho entsha ivavanywa kwinyanga, kodwa ikhutshwe kuphela emva konyaka, kwaye akunakwenzeka ngokwasemzimbeni ukuyikhawulezisa yonke, awukwazi ukuphila ngendlela efanelekileyo. Izenzo ezilungileyo zixhaswa zizixhobo ezilungileyo. Umzekelo, ngombono we-Infrastructure-as-Code engqondweni, ungasebenzisa nantoni na ukusuka kwi-AWS CloudFormation kunye neTerraform ukuya kwi-Chef-Ansible-Puppet. Kuya kufuneka wazi kwaye ukwazi ukuyenza yonke le nto, kwaye le sele iluqeqesho lobunjineli. Kubalulekile ukuba ungadibanisi isizathu kunye nesiphumo: okokuqala usebenza ngokwemigaqo ye-SRE kwaye emva koko uphumeze le migaqo ngendlela yezisombululo ezithile zobuchwepheshe. Kwangaxeshanye, i-SRE yindlela ebanzi kakhulu engakuxeleli indlela yokuseta iJenkins, kodwa malunga nemigaqo emihlanu esisiseko:
- Uphuculo lonxibelelwano phakathi kweendima kunye namasebe
- Ukwamkela iimpazamo njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo yomsebenzi
- Ukwenza utshintsho ngokuthe ngcembe
- Ukusebenzisa izixhobo kunye nezinye izinto ezizenzekelayo
- Ukulinganisa yonke into enokulinganiswa
Oku ayisiyonto nje isethi yeengxelo, kodwa yinto ethile . Ngokomzekelo, kwindlela yokwamkela iimpazamo, kuya kufuneka uqonde ingozi, ukulinganisa ukufumaneka kunye nokungafumaneki kweenkonzo usebenzisa into efana ne-SLI () kunye ne-SLO (), funda ukubhala ii-postmortems kwaye ukubhala kungabikho koyikeka.
Kwingqeqesho ye-SRE, ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo yinxalenye enye yempumelelo, nangona ibalulekile. Kufuneka siqhubeke siphuhlisa ubuchwephesha, sijonge okwenzekayo ehlabathini kunye nendlela enokusetyenziswa ngayo kumsebenzi wethu.
Kwelinye icala, izisombululo ze-Cloud Native ngoku ziye zaziwa kakhulu. Njengoko kuchazwa yi-Cloud Native Computing Foundation namhlanje, itekhnoloji ye-Cloud Native yenza ukuba imibutho iphuhlise kwaye iqhube usetyenziso olunobunzima kwiimeko zanamhlanje eziguqukayo, ezinje ngoluntu, lwabucala, kunye namafu adibeneyo. Imizekelo ibandakanya izikhongozeli, i-meshes zenkonzo, ii-microservices, iziseko ezingundoqo ezingaguqukiyo, kunye nee-API ezibhengezayo. Zonke ezi ndlela zobuchule zivumela iinkqubo ezidityanisiweyo ngokukhululekileyo ukuba zihlale zinwebeka, zilawuleka, kwaye zijongwe kakhulu. I-automation elungileyo ivumela iinjineli ukuba zenze utshintsho olukhulu rhoqo kunye neziphumo eziqikelelwayo ngaphandle kokuwenza umsebenzi. Konke oku kuxhaswa yimfumba yezixhobo ezaziwayo ezifana neDocker kunye neKubernetes.
Le ngcaciso intsonkothile kwaye ibanzi kungenxa yokuba indawo nayo intsonkothile. Kwelinye icala, kuxoxwa ukuba utshintsho olutsha kule nkqubo kufuneka longezwe ngokulula. Kwelinye icala, ukufumanisa indlela yokudala uhlobo lwendawo enezikhongozeli apho iinkonzo ezidityaniswe ngokukhululekileyo zihlala kwisiseko esichazwe kwisoftware kwaye zisiwe apho kusetyenziswa i-CI/CD eqhubekayo, kunye nokwakha iinkqubo zeDevOps kuyo yonke le nto - konke oku kufuna ngaphezulu. kunokuba umntu adle inja.
Kwenziwa ntoni ngayo yonke lento
Wonke umntu usombulula ezi ngxaki ngendlela yakhe: umzekelo, ungapapasha izithuba eziqhelekileyo zemisebenzi ukwaphula isangqa esibi. Unokufumanisa ukuba ngawaphi amagama afana ne-DevOps kunye ne-Cloud Native athetha kwaye uwasebenzise ngokuchanekileyo kwaye ukuya kwinqanaba. Unokuphuhlisa kwi-DevOps kwaye ubonise iindlela ezifanelekileyo ngomzekelo wakho.
Senza inkomfa , esinika ithuba lokuphanda nzulu kwizinto esisandul’ ukuthetha ngazo. Kukho amaqela amaninzi eengxelo zoku:
- Iinkqubo nenkcubeko;
- UbuNjineli boNtembeko lweSiza;
- Cloud Native;
Indlela yokukhetha apho uya khona? Kukho inqaku elifihlakeleyo apha. Kwelinye icala, i-DevOps imalunga nentsebenziswano, kwaye ngokwenene sifuna ukuba uzimase iintetho ezivela kwiibhloko ezahlukeneyo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuba ungumphathi wophuhliso oye weza kwinkomfa ukuba agxininise kumsebenzi othile, ngoko akukho mntu unqanda - ngokucacileyo, oku kuya kuba yibhloko malunga neenkqubo kunye nenkcubeko. Ungalibali ukuba uya kuba nezinto ezirekhodiweyo emva kwenkomfa (emva kokuzalisa ifom yengxelo), ukuze uhlale ubukele iintetho ezingabalulekanga kamva.
Ngokucacileyo, kwinkomfa ngokwayo awukwazi ukuya kwiingoma ezintathu ngaxeshanye, ngoko siququzelela inkqubo ngendlela yokuba ixesha ngalinye le-slot linezihloko zayo yonke incasa.
Into eseleyo kukuqonda into omawuyenze ukuba uyinjineli yeDevOps! Okokuqala, zama ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni kanye kanye oyenzayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo bathanda ukubiza eli gama:
- Abaphuhlisi abasebenza kwiziseko ezingundoqo. Amaqela eengxelo malunga ne-SRE kunye ne-Cloud Native zezona zifanelekileyo kuwe.
- Abalawuli benkqubo. Kunzima ngakumbi apha. I-DevOops ayikho malunga nolawulo lwenkqubo. Ngethamsanqa, kukho iinkomfa ezininzi ezigqwesileyo, iincwadi, amanqaku, iividiyo kwi-Intanethi, njl njl kwisihloko solawulo lwenkqubo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuba unomdla wokuziphuhlisa ngokwemigaqo yokuqonda inkcubeko kunye neenkqubo, ukufunda malunga nobuchwepheshe belifu kunye neenkcukacha zobomi kunye ne-Cloud Native, ngoko singathanda ukukubona! Cinga ngoku: wenza ulawulo, kwaye ke uya kwenza ntoni? Ukuphepha ukuzifumana ngokukhawuleza kwimeko engathandekiyo, kufuneka ufunde ngoku.
Kukho enye inketho: uyazingisa kwaye uqhubeke nokubanga ukuba unjalo ngokukodwa injineli ye-DevOps kwaye akukho nto yimbi, nokuba ithetha ukuthini na loo nto. Emva koko kufuneka sikudanise, iDevOops ayisiyonkomfa yeenjineli zeDevOps!
Slayida ukusuka eMunich
I-DevOops 2020 eMoscow iya kubanjwa ngo-Epreli 29-30 eMoscow, amatikiti sele ekhona .
Kungenjalo, unako kude kube ngoFebruwari 8. Nceda uqaphele ukuba xa ugcwalisa ifomu, kufuneka ukhethe abaphulaphuli ekujoliswe kubo abaya kuxhamla kakhulu kwingxelo yakho (kukho into emangalisayo engcwatywe ngaphakathi kuluhlu).
umthombo: www.habr.com