Ukongeza i-WDS Versatility

Molweni mvakwemini, bahlali abathandekayo baseHabra!

Injongo yeli nqaku kukubhala ushwankathelo olufutshane lwamathuba okusasazwa kweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo nge-WDS (iiNkonzo zokuBekwa kweWindows)
Eli nqaku liza kubonelela ngemiyalelo emifutshane yokusasazwa kweWindows 7 x64, Windows XP x86, Ubuntu x64 kunye nokongeza izixhobo eziluncedo kwi-boot yenethiwekhi njengeMemtest kunye neGparted.
Ibali liya kubaliswa ngokulandelelana kwezimvo ezifika engqondweni yam. Kwaye konke kwaqala ngeMicrosoft ...

Kwaye ngoku ibali ngokwalo:
Kungekudala, ndeza nombono onengqondo wokuhambisa iinkqubo emsebenzini usebenzisa i-WDS. Ukuba umntu usenzela umsebenzi, kuhle. Kwaye ukuba kwangaxeshanye sifunda into entsha, imnandi kabini. Andiyi kuhlala kwiinkcukacha ezinkulu kwinkcazo yokufaka indima ye-WDS - iMicrosoft ibilisa yonke into ukuya kwi-Next-Next-Next kwaye kukho iintaba zamanqaku kwesi sihloko. Kwaye ndiza kukuxelela ngokufutshane malunga nokusebenza ngemifanekiso yeWindows, ndigxininise kuloo maxesha andibangele ubunzima. Iinkqubo ezingezizo ezakwaMicrosoft ziya kuchazwa ngokweenkcukacha ngakumbi (inqaku elaqalwa ngalo).
Masiqalise.
Iseva eya kusebenza njengogcino lomfanekiso kunye nomququzeleli wentshukumo ineWindows Server 2008 R2 ebhodini. Ukuze le nkonzo isebenze ngokuchanekileyo, iindima ezifana ne-DHCP kunye ne-DNS ziyafuneka. Ewe, i-AD yeyokufaka oomatshini kwindawo. (Zonke ezi ndima akunyanzelekanga ukuba zigcinwe kumatshini omnye; zinokusasazwa kwisakhiwo sonke. Eyona nto iphambili kukuba zisebenza ngokuchanekileyo)

1. Ukumisela i-WDS

Songeza iindima eziyimfuneko kwaye singene ngokukhawuleza kwi-console ye-WDS, qalisa iseva yethu kwaye ubone oku kulandelayo:

• Faka iMifanekiso -ufakelo lwemifanekiso. Iinkqubo ezilungiselelweyo, ezintle esiza kuzikhupha. Ukwenzela lula, unokongeza amaqela amaninzi ngohlobo lwenkqubo: Windows 7, XP okanye ngohlobo lomsebenzi-IT Dept, Client Dept, Servers.
• Imifanekiso yokuQalisa — ilayisha imifanekiso. Yintoni elayishwe kumatshini kuqala kwaye ikuvumela ukuba wenze zonke iintlobo zezenzo ngayo. Umfanekiso wokuqala kakhulu oya apho ngulowo ukwidiski yofakelo (yeWindows 7 le yifolda yemithombo kunye neefayile ze-install.wim okanye ze-boot.wim.
  Kodwa ke unokwenza zonke iintlobo zezinto ezinomdla kuzo:
  • Thatha umfanekiso okanye umfanekiso wokurekhoda -isixhobo sethu esiphambili sikuvumela ukuba wenze ikopi yenkqubo emiselweyo, eyayisetyenzwa ngaphambili yi-sysprep kwaye iyitemplate yethu.
  • Umfanekiso wokuFumana — ikuvumela ukuba ulayishe imifanekiso yeenkqubo ezimiselweyo kwiikhompyutha ezingaxhasi ukubhuthwa kwenethiwekhi.

• Izixhobo ezilindileyo — izixhobo ezilindele imvume yomlawuli ukuze zifakwe. Sifuna ukwazi ukuba ngubani obeka umtsalane wethu kwikhompyuter yakhe.
• Usasazo oluninzi — ukuthunyelwa kweposi ngeposi. Isetyenziselwa ukufaka umfanekiso omnye kwinani elikhulu labaxhasi.
• abaqhubi - abaqhubi. Banceda ukongeza abaqhubi abayimfuneko kwimifanekiso ekumncedisi kwaye banqande ezi ntlobo zeempazamo:
  
  Emva kokongeza abaqhubi kwiseva ye-WDS, kufuneka bongezwe kumfanekiso wesiqalo ofunekayo.

Ewe, kwaye enye into enye - kufuneka wenze eyakho i-bootloaders kunye nabafakeli bobunzulu benkqubo nganye. Iintlobo ngeentlobo kumyezo wezilwanyana ziza ngexabiso.
Enyanisweni, i-WDS yethu sele ilungile. Siyakwazi ukuqala ngaphezulu kwenethiwekhi ukusuka kumatshini kwaye sibone ifestile yokukhetha ngemifanekiso yethu yokuqalisa.
Andiyi kuchaza zonke izigaba zokulungiselela umfanekiso ofanelekileyo, kodwa ndiza kushiya ikhonkco kwinqaku endilisebenzise ngokwam: IiTyts zeWindows 7 (Ngesizathu esithile ndibe noguqulelo oludala lwe-WAIK efakiweyo - 6.1.7100.0, kwakungenakwenzeka ukwenza ifayile yempendulo ye-Windows 7 SP1 kuyo. Ndifuna yakutshanje ngeli xesha - 6.1.7600.16385)
Kwaye apha kusekho imiyalelo yokulungiselela iWindows XP yeWDS. Asiyi kubhala ngokweenkcukacha nokuba - ezona zinto zinomdla zikwicandelo lesibini!

2. I-bootloader yendalo yonke

Kuhle ukuba ngoku sinenkqubo enjalo. Ukuyisebenzisa kuluyolo. Kodwa ngaba ikho indlela yokwenza ubomi bakho bube lula?
Ndifuna ukufaka iLinux ngayo!
Okokuqala, njengoko uninzi lwenu lukhumbula, ukufaka iWindows kunye noBuntu ngokuhambelanayo akupheli kakuhle kwi-bootloader yeWindows. Ithatyathelwa indawo yi-GRUB yendalo yonke.
Kuyafana apha. Sifuna i-bootloader yendawo yonke, dibana nale nto PXELINUX
1) Khuphela inguqulelo yamva nje (ngexesha lokubhala oku 5.01
Sinomdla kwezi fayile:
corepxelinux.0
com32menuvesamenu.c32 (ungathatha imenyu.c32 yojongano lokubhaliweyo xa ulayisha)
com32chainchain.c32
Zonke iincwadana zokusebenzisa le bootloader zithi yonke into isebenza ngezi zintathu. Kuye kwafuneka ndongeze uldlinux.c32, libcom.c32 kunye ne-libutil_com.c32. Unokwenza oku - khuphela ezicetyiswayo kwaye uziqhube. Yeyiphi ifayile eyakukhalazelwa ngayo - yikopishe kwisiqulathi seefayili.
Sifuna kwakhona ifayile ye-memdisk ukukhuphela i-iso. Siphinde siyifake kule folda
2) Zibeke kwifolda apho ugcina khona yonke imifanekiso yeWDS. Okukuthi apha - RemoteInstallBootx64 (siya kufaka kuphela i-64, kuba i-86 ibeka iifayile ezifanayo kule folda.)
3) Yithiye kwakhona pxelinux.0 ukuba pxelinux.com
4) Masidale ifolda pxelinux.cfg yefayile yoqwalaselo, ifayile ngokwayo (sele ingaphakathi kolu lawulo, kunjalo) ayigqibekanga (ngaphandle kolwandiso!) ngomxholo olandelayo:

OKWENZEKAYO vesamenu.c32
I-PROMPT 0
UKUBALEKA 0
IZIMVUMELELO 0
# Ixesha liphelile kwiiyunithi ze-1/10 s
IXESHA 300
UMARINI WEMENU 10
IMENYU imiqolo ye-16
IMENU TABMSGROW 21
IXESHA LEMENU 26
IMENU COLOR BORDER 30;44 #20ffffff #00000000 nanye
IMENU YOMbala 30;44 #20ffffff #00000000 nanye
IMENU UBALA ISIHLOKO 0 #ffffffff #00000000 nanye
UMBALA WEMENU SEL 30;47 #40000000 #20ffffff
IMVELAPHI YEMENU pxelinux.cfg/picture.jpg #umfanekiso 640×480 ngasemva
IMENU ISIHLOKO Khetha ikamva lakho!

LABEL wds
MENU LABEL IiNkonzo zokuBekwa kweeWindows (7, XP, imifanekiso yokuQalisa)
KERNEL pxeboot.0

LABEL yasekuhlaleni
IMENYU OKWENZEKAYO
MENU LABEL Qala kwi-Harddisk
LOCALBOOT 0
Uhlobo 0x80

5) Yenza ikopi yefayile pxeboot.n12 kwaye uyibize pxeboot.0
6) Emva koko, kufuneka sifundise i-WDS yethu ukuqala kwi-bootloader yendalo yonke. Ngo-2008 oku kwenziwa nge-GUI, ngo-2008 i-R2 - ngomgca womyalelo. Vula kwaye ufake:

• wdsutil / set-server /bootprogram:bootx64pxelinux.com /architecture:x64
• wdsutil / set-server / N12bootprogram:bootx64pxelinux.com /architecture:x64

Imveliso yomgca womyalelo:

Yiyo loo nto, siqala phezulu kwaye sibone isikrini esinqwenelekayo:

Olu luqwalaselo olusisiseko, ungalulungelelanisa kwiimfuno zakho (ilogo yenkampani, i-odolo yesiqalo, njl. njl. Okwangoku, inokudlulisela ulawulo kwi-WDS kwaye iqale kwi-hard drive kwakhona. Masiyifundise ukuqala Ubuntu!

3. Ukufundisa ukhozi ukubhabha

Sasifuna ntoni apho? Ubuntu, Gparted? Masifake i-memtest kwi-odolo.
Masiqale ngeyona ilula:
memtest
Masenze ifolda eyahlukileyo yeefayile zeLinux kwiBoot/x64 WDS ifolda, umzekelo Distr. Kwaye iifolda ezisezantsi kuyo kwiinkqubo zethu ezifanelekileyo:

Iyakhuphela iso mtmtest kwaye wongeze le migca ilandelayo kulungiselelo lwethu lokukhuphela (ifayile ehlala ikho):

ileyibhile iMemTest
ileyibhile yemenyu iMemTest86+
Kernel memdisk iso ekrwada
initrd Linux/mt420.iso

Ngale nto siya kulayisha umfanekiso wethu omncinci kwimemori kwaye siwuqalise ukusuka apho. Ngelishwa, oku akuzange kusebenze kum ngemifanekiso emikhulu.

Ihlulwe
Iyakhuphela inguqulelo yamva nje, khupha umfanekiso we-iso kwaye uthathe iifayile ezintathu - /live/vmlinuz, /live/initrd.img kunye /live/filesystem.squashfs
Ziziphi ezi fayile? (Ndinokuba ndiphosakele kumagama, ndicela ngobubele abafundi bandilungise ukuba ndiyaphazama)

• vmlinuz (ibonwa ngakumbi i-vmlinux) - ifayile ye-kernel ecinezelweyo
• initrd.img - umfanekiso wendlela yefayile yengcambu (ubuncinane obufunekayo xa uqaliswa)
• inkqubo yefayile.squashfs - iifayile ezisetyenziswe ngexesha lokusebenza

Sibeka iifayile ezimbini zokuqala kwifolda yokukhuphela (kwimeko yam yiBootx64DistrGparted) kunye neyesithathu kwiseva ye-IIS (ngethamsanqa sele ifakwe kwi-WSUSa).
I-lyrical digression - ngelishwa, iqhinga lokulayisha umfanekiso we-iso kwi-memdisk enosasazo olukhulu alizange lisebenze kum. Ukuba ngokukhawuleza uyazi imfihlelo yempumelelo, oku kuya kuba sisisombululo esihle kakhulu esiya kukuvumela ukuba uqalise ngokukhawuleza nayiphi na inkqubo ukusuka kumfanekiso we-iso.
Yongeza i-filesystem.squashfs kwi-IIS ukuze ifundwe ngaphezulu komsebenzi womnatha (ungalibali ukongeza i-MIME tag kolu lwandiso.

Ngoku songeza ingeniso kwipxelinux.cfg/default yethu:

LABEL GParted Live
MENU LABEL GParted Live
KERNEL Distr/Gparted/vmlinuz
HLOMELA initrd=Distr/Gparted/initrg.img boot=live config union=aufs noswap nopromt vga=788 fetch=http://192.168.10.10/Distr/Gparted/filesystem.squashfs

Masijonge-iyasebenza!
Ubuntu 12.04
Ndongeze iinketho ezimbini zokufakela ezinokwenzeka - ngokuzenzekelayo (enkosi kumsebenzisi Malamut kwi inqaku kwaye kwimo yesandla)
Khuphela ifayile kunye nofakelo olulolunye kwaye ukrazule iifayile ezimbini ukusuka apho (njengangaphambili) - initrd.gz kunye nelinux kwaye uzibeke kwiDistr/Ubuntu
Yongeza imigca kwipxelinux.cfg/default yethu
ukufakwa ngesandla ngokupheleleyo

LABEL Ubuntu
KERNEL Distr/Ubuntu/linux
SEBENZA ngokuphambili=low vga=normal initrd=Distr/Ubuntu/initrd.gz

Kodwa ngokufakela okuzenzekelayo udinga ifayile eneesetingi zokuphendula (unokufunda apha) kwaye siya kuyibeka kumncedisi wethu wewebhu. Umgca wam we-bootloader ujongeka ngolu hlobo:

LABEL Ubuntu Auto Install
KERNEL Distr/Ubuntu/linux
FANELA initrd=Distr/Ubuntu/initrd.gz ksdevice=eth0 locale=ru_RU.UTF-8 console-setup/layoutcode=ru url=http://192.168.10.10/Distr/Ubuntu/preseed.txt

Iluncedo kwixesha elizayo
Ngelixa ndijonge izinto ezikulo mxholo kwaye ndijonge iimpendulo kwimibuzo yam, ndafumanisa inqaku elimangalisayo ukusuka Alexander_Erofeev ngenkcazo yokukhuphela i-Kaspersky Rescue Disk phezu kwenethiwekhi. Ngelishwa, ayizange ihambe ngenxa yam. Kodwa isixhobo siluncedo ngokwenene (hayi, hayi, ngokukodwa abasebenzisi abanenzondelelo baya kubamba into enjalo ... Kuluncedo ukuba nesixhobo esinjalo)

isiphelo

Eli nqaku sisishwankathelo samandla obonelelwa yindima ye-Microsoft WDS kuwe. Xa ndiqala eli nqaku, izicwangciso zazinkulu: i-HOWTO eneenkcukacha malunga nayo yonke imiba yokulayisha iinkqubo ezichazwe ngasentla ... Kodwa xa izinto ziqala ukuqokelela kuphela kwi-WDS ngokwayo, intambo yenkcazo yandikhokelela kubunzulu obuthile ukuba akukho mntu. angaze adibane, mhlawumbi ... Ngoko ke sagqiba ekubeni sabelane ngesishwankathelo sento enokwenzeka kwaye, ukuba kunokwenzeka, ikhonkco kumanqaku alungileyo. Ukuba abafundi banomdla wokufunda, okanye ngokukhawuleza ndifuna udumo kunye nemali yokuzalisa i-treasury kaHabrahabr ngamanqaku, ndingangena kwiinkcukacha ezithe kratya kwinqanaba ngalinye lokuseka iseva ye-WDS eneenjongo ezininzi.
Ndingathanda ukubulela ababhali kwakhona Alexander_Erofeev и Malamut kwizinto zabo eziphathekayo, eziya kuba nomdla kuwo wonke umntu ngaphandle kokukhetha.
Ngokwemvelo, sele kukho amanqaku ngoHabré ngesihloko esifanayo, ndizamile ukuqaqambisa umba ngokwembono eyahlukileyo okanye ukuyongezelela: Kanye и ezimbini, kodwa azipapashwa
Ndiyabonga ngengqalelo yakho.
Uzuko kwiirobhothi!

umthombo: www.habr.com