Xa kuphunyezwa iinkqubo ze-ERP esele zenziwe, i-53% yeenkampani imingeni enzima efuna utshintsho kwiinkqubo zoshishino kunye neendlela zombutho, kwaye i-44% yeenkampani zijongene neengxaki ezibalulekileyo zobugcisa. Kuluhlu lwamanqaku, siya kuchaza ukuba yintoni inkqubo ye-ERP, iluncedo njani, indlela yokumisela imfuno yokuphunyezwa kwayo, into okufuneka uyazi xa ukhetha umboneleli weqonga kunye nendlela yokuyiphumeza.
Ingqikelelo yenkqubo ye-ERP ivela e-USA kwaye iguqulelwa ngokoqobo njengesicwangciso sobutyebi beshishini - UCwangciso lweZixhobo zoShishino. Ngokwemfundo, ikhangeleka ngolu hlobo: βI-ERP sisicwangciso-qhinga sombutho sokudibanisa imveliso kunye nokusebenza, ulawulo lwezabasebenzi, ulawulo lwemali nolawulo lwempahla, lugxile ekuqhubekekeni kolungelelwaniso kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwezibonelelo zeshishini ngokukhethekileyo, iphakheji yesoftware ehlanganisiweyo (isoftware) ethi ibonelela ngemodeli yedatha eqhelekileyo kunye neenkqubo kuzo zonke iindawo zomsebenzi."
Umniki-nkonzo ngamnye unokuqonda inkqubo ayiphuhlise ngendlela yakhe, ngokusekelwe kugxininiso kunye nemisebenzi ekufuneka isonjululwe. Ngokomzekelo, enye inkqubo ye-ERP ifaneleke ngakumbi ukuthengisa, kodwa ayifanelekanga kwindawo yokucoca ioli. Ngaphaya koko, inkampani nganye kunye nomqeshwa wayo osebenzisa iqonga bayicingela ngokwahlukileyo, ngokusekwe kwinxalenye abadibana nayo emsebenzini wabo.
Kwisiseko sayo, i-ERP yinkqubo yolwazi yokulawula zonke iinkqubo zoshishino kunye nezibonelelo zenkampani ngokusekelwe kwisiseko sedatha enye.
Kutheni ufuna inkqubo yeERP?
Njengayo nayiphi na inkqubo yolwazi, iERP isebenza neenkcukacha. Umsebenzi ngamnye kunye nesebe lihlala lisenza amakhulu eemegabytes zolwazi. Kwintlangano encinci, umphathi unokufikelela ngokuthe ngqo kulo lonke ulwazi kunye nexesha lokubeka iliso kwiinkqubo. Ukuba umthamo omkhulu wedatha wenziwa ngaphakathi kwesakhelo senkqubo enye okanye ezimbini zoshishino, ngoko umphathi ufuna kuphela ukuyifaka kwidijithali kunye nezisombululo ze-IT ezijoliswe kuyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, umbutho uthenga isoftware yokubala kwaye, umzekelo, iCRM.
Njengoko inkampani ikhula, ezo nkqubo zomntu ebezithatha ixesha elincinane ukuzilawula ziguqulwa zibe ngumthamo omkhulu wolwazi. Ngokubambisana nezinye iinkqubo zoshishino, ukuhamba kolwazi olwahlukileyo kufuna abasebenzi abakhulu bolawulo ukuba badibanise kwaye bahlalutye. Ke ngoko, inkqubo yeERP ayifunwanga ngamashishini amancinci, kodwa ngamashishini aphakathi namakhulu.
Indlela yokuqonda ukuba inkampani idinga inkqubo ye-ERP
Ibali eliqhelekileyo kubathengi bethu lihamba ngolu hlobo. Ngexesha elithile, kuyacaca ukuba zonke iinkqubo eziphambili zizenzekelayo, kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle akunyuki.
Kuvela ukuba inkqubo nganye ibekwe kwinkqubo yayo yolwazi eyahlukileyo. Ukuzidibanisa, abasebenzi bafaka idatha ngesandla kwinkqubo nganye, kwaye emva koko ulawulo luqokelela idatha ephindwe kabini ukuhlalutya imisebenzi yenkampani yonke. Ngokomgaqo, oomatshini bomsebenzi abanjalo banemveliso ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile. Into ephambili kukumisela umzuzu wokuphumeza ukusebenza kakuhle ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke, kwaye kungekhona xa kuyimfuneko ukutshintsha iindlela zeenkqubo kwimodi yongxamiseko.
Akukho nanye yeenkqubo zolwazi eya kuze ichaze ukuba ixesha lifikile xa inkampani ikhulile ukuya kwinqanaba apho kufuneka inkqubo ye-ERP. Amava ehlabathi abonisa iimpawu ezi-4 eziphambili eziya kukuvumela ukuba uqonde oku:
Akukho datha yaneleyo yokwenza isigqibo solawulo olunolwazi.
Nasiphi na isigqibo kwishishini sineziphumo eziphumela ekugqibeleni kwilahleko yemali okanye, ngokuchaseneyo, kwingeniso. Umgangatho wesigqibo uxhomekeke kulwazi olusekelwe kuyo. Ukuba idatha iphelelwe yisikhathi, ayiphelelanga okanye ayichanekanga, isigqibo siya kuba singalunganga okanye singalingani.
Ezona zizathu ziphambili zokungangqinelani kolwazi:
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ulwazi olubalulekileyo luthe saa phakathi kwabasebenzi kunye namasebe;
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akukho mimiselo yokuqokelelwa kwedatha;
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Ulwazi luqokelelwa ngabasebenzi abaneendima ezahlukeneyo nangamaxesha ahlukeneyo.
Ngeqonga le-ERP elihambelana neenkqubo zeshishini lakho, unokubeka kwindawo enye yonke idatha yakho. Lonke ulwazi lwenziwa ngumqeshwa ngamnye kunye nesebe kwinkqubo enye ngexesha lokwenyani. Oku kuthetha ukuba idatha wena kunye nabani na ongomnye kwinkampani enokuyidinga isoloko ichanekile kwaye isexesheni kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
Ukungabikho kokudityaniswa phakathi kweenkqubo ze-IT kukhokelela ekungaphumelelini kokusebenza kunye nokuthintela ukukhula kwenkampani.
Inkqubo nganye ye-IT ineemfuno zayo zefomathi yedatha, eyakhiwe ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo kwaye isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuhlukeneyo, imigaqo kunye neelwimi zeprogram. Oku kubonakala kumsebenzi wabasebenzi, abasebenzisana ngokungathi ngeelwimi ezahlukeneyo, kunye nesantya sokusebenzisana.
Inkqubo ye-ERP idibanisa imisebenzi yomntu kwindawo enye edibeneyo kwaye kulula ukuyiqonda. Inkqubo ye-ERP isebenza njengomguquleli, ethetha iilwimi ezininzi zeprogram ukuqinisekisa intsebenziswano kunye nokungaguquguquki.
Abathengi bakho abonwabanga yinkonzo.
Ukuba abathengi bayakhalaza okanye bahambe, kufuneka ucinge malunga nokusebenza kakuhle. Oku kungenxa yemfuno egqithileyo yobonelelo, ukuhanjiswa kade, inkonzo ecothayo, okanye imvakalelo nje eqhelekileyo yokuba ishishini alinazixhobo okanye ixesha lokukhathalela wonke umthengi.
Xa ishishini likhule laya kutsho kumlinganiselo ophakathi okanye omkhulu, iERP ijika abathengi abangonelisekanga babe ngabanyanisekileyo. Abathengi baqala ukuva ukuphucuka kwenkonzo kwaye bafumane utshintsho kunye nenkampani.
Usebenzisa iinkqubo eziphelelwe lixesha.
Ngokutsho Ingxelo yeVeeam ye-2020 yokuKhusela iiNkcukacha, owona mqobo uphambili kwinguqu yeshishini ledijithali bubuchwepheshe obuphelelwe lixesha. Ukuba inkampani isasebenza kunye neenkqubo zokungena ngesandla okanye amaxwebhu ephepha, ngoko emva kwexesha lobhubhane ngokuqinisekileyo liya kushiywa ngasemva.
Ukongeza, inkqubo ye-IT yenkampani inokuba yeyangoku kodwa yonakala. Kule meko, isebe ngalinye lenza i-bunker yalo yolwazi, idatha ephuma kuyo kwiidosi okanye ngokungalunganga. Ukuba ukudityaniswa kweenkqubo zomntu ngamnye kubiza kakhulu okanye akunakwenzeka, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukuzitshintshela kwinkqubo enye ye-ERP.
Zeziphi izibonelelo ezibonelelwa yinkqubo yeERP kwishishini?
Inkqubo ye-ERP yimveliso ethengwa yinkampani ngeendleko zayo. Ukuphunyezwa kwayo kubonwa njengotyalo-mali olufanele ukuzisa inzuzo. Akukho menzi wenkqubo ye-ERP eqinisekisa ukuba iya kuzisa ukukhula kwengeniso kwinkampani. Kwaye oku akusebenzi kuphela kwiinkqubo ze-ERP, kodwa nakweziphi na izisombululo ze-IT. Nangona kunjalo, zonke izibonelelo zokuphunyezwa zichaphazela ngokungangqalanga inzuzo:
Ukonga kwiinkqubo ze-IT
Endaweni yokuchitha izixhobo kwiinkqubo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo, nganye kuzo ifuna inkxaso ekhethekileyo, iziseko zophuhliso, iilayisenisi, kunye noqeqesho lwabasebenzi, unokujolisa zonke iindleko kwiqonga elinye le-ERP. Iqukethe iimodyuli ezithatha indawo yeenkqubo ezingafaniyo kunye namacandelo adibeneyo.
Ukuba inkqubo ye-ERP iphuhliswa ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zenkampani ethile, inokubandakanya iinkqubo zomntu wesithathu kunye neenkonzo eziya kuba lula kumaqabane oshishino, ababoneleli, abathengi kunye namanye amaqela asebenzisana nawo.
Ukungafihli ngokupheleleyo
I-ERP ibonelela ulawulo ngokufikelela ngokupheleleyo kuyo yonke inkqubo yeshishini yalo naliphi na isebe 24/7. Umzekelo, unokulandelela uluhlu lwempahla yonke imihla, kubandakanywa ukuhanjiswa okucwangcisiweyo kunye nokuhanjiswa kwezothutho. Ukuba nomfanekiso opheleleyo wamanqanaba e-inventri kukuvumela ukuba ulawule ngokuchanekileyo ngakumbi inkunzi yokusebenza.
Iingxelo ezizenzekelayo kunye nesicwangciso esinamandla
I-ERP yenza inkqubo enye, emanyeneyo yokunika ingxelo kuzo zonke iinkqubo. Ivelisa ngokuzenzekelayo iingxelo eziluncedo kunye nohlalutyo nangaliphi na ixesha. Ngayo, abaphathi abayi kuqokelela ngesandla iispredishithi kunye neeleta.
Ngoko ke, iqonga likhulula ixesha locwangciso lobuchule, uhlalutyo olungcono kunye nokuthelekisa ukusebenza kwesebe. Inkqubo ye-ERP inceda ekufumaneni iintsingiselo kuhlalutyo ezingazange ziqatshelwe ngaphambili kwaye azizange zibenalo nethuba lokuzibona.
Ukonyuka kobuchule
I-ERP ngokwayo ayilonyango. Akubalulekanga kuphela ukuthobela izinto ezicacileyo zeshishini, kodwa kunye nokuphumeza ngokuchanekileyo. Ngoku ka Ngama-315 ababoneleli beenkqubo ze-ERP eziphuma kwi-shelf, isabelo sophunyezo oluye lwaphumelela kuphela luqikelelwa phakathi kwe-25 kunye ne-41 yeepesenti, kuxhomekeke kwishishini. I-ERP efanelekileyo inciphisa kakhulu ixesha kunye nomzamo ochithwe kumsebenzi wesiqhelo.
Inkonzo eyenzelwe
Inkonzo yabathengi yinxalenye ephambili yeshishini. Inkqubo ye-ERP itshintsha ugxininiso lwabasebenzi ukusuka ekugcineni iirejista zabathengi ukuya ekwakheni nasekugcineni ubudlelwane nabathengi.
Amanani abonisa ukuba ama-84 ekhulwini abathengi kwinkampani ukuba abafumani iimpendulo zaneleyo kwimibuzo. I-ERP ibonelela umqeshwa ngalo lonke ulwazi oluyimfuneko kunye nembali yomxhasi kanye ngexesha loqhagamshelwano. Ngayo, abasebenzi abajongani ne-bureaucracy, kodwa ngokutsala kunye nokugcina abathengi. Abathengi baziva izibonelelo zokuphunyezwa kwayo, ngaphandle kokwazi malunga notshintsho kwinkampani.
Ukukhuselwa kwedatha
Kukho phantse inkqubo yolwazi enokubonelela ngesiqinisekiso esipheleleyo sokhuseleko lwedatha. Idatha yobuqu yabathengi kunye nabasebenzi, ii-imeyile, ipropathi yengqondo, idatha yezemali, ii-invoyisi, izivumelwano - ngakumbi iinkqubo ezenza le ngcaciso, kunzima ngakumbi ukulandelela imingcipheko. Inkqubo ye-ERP yazisa imigangatho efanayo yokufikelela, igalelo ledatha kunye nesiphumo, kunye nokugcinwa kolwazi oluphakathi.
Nangona kunjalo, sikhulu isabelo semarike yenkqubo ye-ERP esele yenziwe, ngokuphindaphindiweyo ixhomekeke kuhlaselo lwe-hacker. Kungakhethwa ukuba uphuhlise eyakho inkqubo yeERP, isiseko sekhowudi apho nguwe kuphela oya kuba nokufikelela kuyo. Ukuba inkqubo ye-ERP yenkampani yakho iphuhlisiwe ukusuka ekuqaleni, abahlaseli abayi kukwazi ukufumana iikopi zenkqubo ukuyivavanya ubuthathaka kuqala.
Imveliso yeNtsebenziswano
Ngokufuthi umdla wentsebenziswano phakathi kwamasebe okanye abasebenzi uyaphela ngenxa yokuba ukudluliselwa kwedatha kufuna imisebenzi emininzi yesiqhelo okanye ngenxa yemozulu yengqondo ekwinkampani. Inkqubo edibeneyo yenza ngokuzenzekelayo ukufikelela kulwazi, isusa amava angalunganga ento yomntu kwaye ikhawulezise unxibelelwano ngaphakathi kwenkampani.
Iinkqubo zoshishino ezimanyeneyo
Iinkqubo ze-ERP ezakhiwe kwangaphambili ziphuhliswa ngokuhambelana nezona ndlela zilungileyo zoshishino. Oku kuvumela amashishini ukuba alungelelanise iinkqubo zawo.
Nangona kunjalo, eneneni, ishishini kufuneka lenze ukhetho olunzima: mhlawumbi kuthatha ixesha elide kwaye libiza ixesha elide ukuseka kunye nokuguqula inkqubo ye-ERP ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho yeshishini, okanye kubuhlungu ukwenza iinkqubo zoshishino zibe ngokwezifiso zabo. imigangatho yenkqubo yeERP.
Kukho indlela yesithathu - ukuqala ukuphuhlisa inkqubo yeenkqubo zakho zoshishino.
Ukubaleka
Nokuba uyasandisa isiseko sabathengi bakho, ukwandisa kwiimarike ezintsha, ukwazisa iinkqubo ezintsha, amasebe okanye iimveliso, okanye ngenye indlela unyusa ishishini lakho, kunye nomthengisi ofanelekileyo, iqonga lakho leERP linokuziqhelanisa notshintsho.
Ekubeni inkqubo ye-ERP iphunyezwa kuzo zonke iinkqubo zenkampani, uluhlu lwezibonelelo zinokunyuka ngokuxhomekeke kwiinkcukacha. Kukho amashumi kunye namakhulu ezisombululo esele zenziwe ziphuhliswe kwiimarike ezinyanzela abathengi kwisakhelo sokubhaliselwa, isantya sohlaziyo kunye nenkxaso, ukusebenza okuvaliweyo kunye noyilo lwezakhiwo - ngaphakathi kwesakhelo somthengisi omnye. Kuphela kuphuhliso lwenkqubo yakho yeERP ebonelela ngamathuba aphezulu ngaphandle kwezithintelo.
Funda la manqaku alandelayo ukuze ufunde indlela yokukhetha umenzi wenkqubo ye-ERP, yiyiphi imibuzo onokuyibuza ukuze ungalahlekelwa yimali, kwaye yintoni omele uyiqwalasele xa ucwangcisa ukuphunyezwa.
umthombo: www.habr.com