Abaphuhlisi baye bathetha ngeenzuzo zeteknoloji ye-blockchain iminyaka. Bayiphikisa le nto ngokunqongophala "kweemeko zokusetyenziswa" kunye neenkcazo ezingacacanga zendlela itekhnoloji esebenza ngayo, into eyenzayo ngokwenene, kunye nendlela amaqonga ayisebenzisayo ahluke ngayo enye kwenye. Akumangalisi ukuba oku kubangele ukudideka kunye nokungathembani kwi-teknoloji ye-blockchain.
Kweli nqaku, ndifuna ukuchaza isethi yeemodeli zengqondo ezinokukunceda ukuba uqonde ukuba iimeko ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe zikhokelela njani ekurhwebeni kwezobugcisa ekufuneka iqonga ngalinye lenze. Le mizekelo yengqondo yakhiwe kwinkqubela phambili eyenziwa yi-teknoloji ye-blockchain kwiminyaka eyi-10 edlulileyo, ihamba ngezizukulwana ezi-3: imali evulekileyo, imali evulekileyo kwaye, ekugqibeleni, i-intanethi evulekileyo.
Injongo yam kukukunceda uhlakulele ukuqonda ngokucacileyo ukuba yintoni i-blockchain, ukuqonda ukuba kutheni iiplatifomu ezahlukeneyo zifunekayo, kwaye ucinge ngekamva le-Intanethi evulekileyo.
Intshayelelo emfutshane kwiBlockchain
Ezinye iziseko. I-blockchain isisiseko nje sedatha elawulwa liqela labaqhubi abahlukeneyo, endaweni yequmrhu elinye (njenge-Amazon, iMicrosoft okanye iGoogle). Umehluko obalulekileyo phakathi kwe-blockchain kunye nefu kukuba akudingeki ukuba uthembele "umnini" wedatha (okanye ukhuseleko lwayo lokusebenza) ukwenzela ukugcina idatha ebalulekileyo. Xa i-blockchain isesidlangalaleni (kwaye zonke iibhloko ezinkulu zisesidlangalaleni), nabani na unokuyisebenzisa nantoni na.
Ukuze inkqubo enjalo isebenze kwinani elikhulu lezixhobo ezingaziwa emhlabeni jikelele, kufuneka ibe nethokheni yedijithali eya kusetyenziswa njengendlela yokuhlawula. Ngala mathokheni, abasebenzisi bekhonkco baya kuhlawula abaqhubi benkqubo. Ngelo xesha, ithokheni inika isiqinisekiso sokhuseleko, esigqitywe yithiyori yomdlalo efakwe kuyo. Kwaye nangona imbono yayichatshazelwa kakhulu yi-boom ye-ICOs yobuqhetseba ngo-2017, ingcamango yeempawu kunye ne-tokenization ngokubanzi, ukuba i-asethi enye yedijithali inokuchongwa kwaye ithunyelwe, inamandla amakhulu.
Kwakhona kubalulekile ukwahlula inxalenye yedatha egcina idatha ukusuka kwinxalenye eguqula idatha (umatshini wenyani).
Iimpawu ezahlukeneyo zesekethe zinokulungiswa. Ngokomzekelo, ukhuseleko (kwi-Bitcoin), isantya, ixabiso okanye ukulinganisa. Ukongeza, i-logic yokuguqula inokuthi iphuculwe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo: inokuba yikhatyhuleyitha elula yokudibanisa kunye nokuthabatha (njengakwiBitcoin), okanye ingaba ngumatshini wenyani weTuring-epheleleyo (njengase-Ethereum kunye ne-FUDU).
Ke iiplatifti ezimbini ze-blockchain zinokuthi "zenze ngokwezifiso" zabo ibhlokhi kunye nomatshini obonakalayo ukwenza imisebenzi eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo, kwaye abanakuze bakhuphisane omnye nomnye kwimarike. Umzekelo, i-Bitcoin lihlabathi elahluke ngokupheleleyo xa lithelekiswa ne-Ethereum okanye EKUFUTSHANE, kwaye i-Ethereum kunye ne-FUDU, nayo, ayinanto efana ne-Ripple kunye ne-Stellar - nangona bonke basebenza "kwi-teknoloji ye-blockchain."
Izizukulwana ezithathu ze-blockchain
Ukuqhubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe kunye nezisombululo ezithile kuyilo lwenkqubo zenze ukuba kube lula ukwandisa ukusebenza kwe-blockchain kwizizukulwana ezi-3 zophuhliso lwayo kwiminyaka eyi-10 edlulileyo. Ezi zizukulwana zingohlulwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
- Vula imali: ukunika wonke umntu ukufikelela kwimali yedijithali.
- Imali evulekileyo: ukwenza imali yedijithali ilungelelaniswe kunye nokwandisa imida yokusetyenziswa kwayo.
- Vula i-Intanethi: Yandisa imali evulelekileyo ukuze iquke ulwazi oluxabisekileyo lwazo zonke iintlobo kwaye ifumaneke ukuze isetyenziswe ngabantu abaninzi.
Masiqale ngemali evulekileyo.
Isizukulwana sokuqala: imali evulekileyo
Imali sisiseko sobungxowankulu. Inqanaba lokuqala lalivumela nabani na, naphi na ukuba afumane imali.
Enye idatha ebaluleke kakhulu enokugcinwa kwisiseko sedatha yimali ngokwayo. Nantso into entsha malunga neBitcoin: ukuba nencwadi elula esasazwayo evumela wonke umntu ukuba avume ukuba uJoe unama-30 Bitcoins kwaye wathumela nje uJill 1,5 Bitcoins. I-Bitcoin ilungiselelwe ukubeka phambili ukhuseleko kuzo zonke ezinye iiparameter. Imvumelwano yeBitcoin ibiza kakhulu, itya ixesha kwaye ibotshelelwe, kwaye kwinqanaba lohlengahlengiso luyinto eqhelekileyo yokongezwa kunye nekhaltyhuleyitha yokuthabatha evumela intengiselwano kunye neminye imisebenzi emincinci kakhulu.
I-Bitcoin ngumzekelo omhle obonisa iingenelo eziphambili zokugcina idatha kwi-blockchain: ayixhomekeke kuyo nayiphi na i-intermediaries kwaye ifumaneka kuwo wonke umntu. Oko kukuthi, nabani na onama-bitcoins angenza ukudluliselwa kwe-p2p ngaphandle kokubhenela kuncedo lomntu.
Ngenxa yokulula kunye namandla ale nto i-Bitcoin ithembisile, "imali" yaba yenye yezona ziganeko zokuqala kunye nezona ziphumeleleyo zokusetyenziswa kwe-blockchain. Kodwa inkqubo ye-Bitcoin "ecothayo kakhulu, ebiza kakhulu kwaye ikhuseleke kakhulu" isebenza kakuhle ekugcineni i-asethi - efana negolide - kodwa ayisebenzi kusetyenziso lwemihla ngemihla kwiinkonzo ezifana neentlawulo ze-intanethi okanye ukudluliselwa kwamanye amazwe.
Ukumisela imali evulekileyo
Ezinye iisekethe ezinesetingi ezahlukeneyo zenzelwe le mifuziselo yokusetyenziswa:
- Udluliselo: Ukuze izigidi zabantu zithumele iimali ezingafanelekanga kwihlabathi yonke imihla, udinga into enamandla kakhulu kwaye ingabizi kakhulu kuneBitcoin. Nangona kunjalo, inkqubo yakho kufuneka isabonelela ngenqanaba elaneleyo lokhuseleko. I-Ripple kunye ne-Stellar ziiprojekthi eziye zaphucula amatyathanga azo ukufezekisa le njongo.
- Iintengiselwano ezikhawulezayo: Ukuze iibhiliyoni zabantu basebenzise imali yedijithali ngendlela efanayo abasebenzisa ngayo amakhadi okuthenga ngetyala, udinga ikhonkco ukukala kakuhle, ukusebenza okuphezulu, kwaye uhlale ungabizi. Oku kunokwenziwa ngeendlela ezimbini, ukuncama unqabiseko. Eyokuqala kukwakha "umaleko wesibini" okhawulezayo ngaphezulu kweBitcoin ekhulisa inethiwekhi yokusebenza okuphezulu kwaye, yakuba intengiselwano igqityiwe, ihambisa iimpahla zibuyele "kwindawo engaphantsi komhlaba" yeBitcoin. Umzekelo wesisombululo esinjalo nguMbane woMbane. Indlela yesibini kukudala i-blockchain entsha eya kubonelela ngenqanaba eliphezulu lokhuseleko ngelixa livumela ukuthengiselana ngokukhawuleza, okuncinci, njengeLibra.
- Intengiselwano yabucala: Ukuze ugcine ubumfihlo obupheleleyo ngexesha lentengiselwano, kufuneka udibanise umaleko wokungaziwa. Oku kunciphisa ukusebenza kunye nokwandisa ixabiso, yindlela yokusebenza kweZcash kunye neMonero.
Ekubeni loo mali iluphawu oluyi-asethi yedijithali ngokupheleleyo, inokucwangciswa kwakhona kwinqanaba lesiseko senkqubo. Umzekelo, inani elipheleleyo leBitcoin eliya kuveliswa ngokuhamba kwexesha licwangciswe kwinkqubo yeBitcoin ephantsi. Ngokwakha inkqubo yekhompyutha efanelekileyo phezulu kwinqanaba elisisiseko, inokuthathwa kwinqanaba elitsha.
Kulapho kungena khona imali evulelekileyo.
Isizukulwana sesibini: imali evulekileyo
Ngemali evulekileyo, imali ayisekho nje ivenkile yexabiso okanye isixhobo sokuthengiselana - ngoku ingasetyenziselwa ixabiso, elinyusa amandla ayo.
Iimpawu ezifanayo ezivumela abantu ukuba benze ukudluliselwa kweBitcoin esidlangalaleni kwakhona kuvumela abaphuhlisi ukuba babhale iinkqubo ezenza into efanayo. Ngokusekelwe kule nto, makhe sicinge ukuba imali yedijithali ine-API yayo ezimeleyo, ukuyisebenzisa ongayifuniyo ukufumana isitshixo se-API okanye isivumelwano somsebenzisi kuyo nayiphi na inkampani.
Oku koko "imali evulekileyo," ekwabizwa ngokuba yi "decentralized finance" (DeFi), ithembisa.
I-etherem
Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, iBitcoin API ilula kwaye ayinamveliso. Kwanele ukuhambisa izikripthi kwinethiwekhi yeBitcoin evumela ukuba isebenze. Ukwenza into enomdla ngakumbi, kufuneka uhambise i-Bitcoin ngokwayo kwelinye iqonga le-blockchain, engeyona into elula.
Ezinye iiplatifomu zisebenze ukudibanisa izinga eliphezulu lokhuseleko olufunekayo kwimali yedijithali kunye nenqanaba eliyinkimbinkimbi yokuguqulwa. U-Ethereum wayengowokuqala ukusungula oku. Endaweni yokongezwa kweBitcoin kunye nokuthabatha "i-calculator", u-Ethereum wadala umatshini opheleleyo we-virtual phezu kwendawo yokugcina, eyavumela abaphuhlisi ukuba babhale iinkqubo ezipheleleyo kwaye baziqhube ngokuthe ngqo kwikhonkco.
Ukubaluleka kukuba ukhuseleko lwe-asethi yedijithali (efana nemali) egcinwe kwikhonkco iyafana nokhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kweenkqubo ezinokutshintsha ngokwemveli imeko yelo khonkco. Ethereum smart iiprogram contracts ngokuyimfuneko serverless scripts ukuba abulawe kwitsheyini kanye ngendlela efanayo njengoko ixhaphake "thumela Jill 23 iimpawu" intengiselwano yenziwa kwi Bitcoin. Ithokheni yemveli ka-Ethereum yi-ether, okanye i-ETH.
Izixhobo zeBlockchain njengePipeline
Ekubeni i-API phezulu kwe-ETH yoluntu (njenge-Bitcoin) kodwa i-programmable ngokungapheliyo, kwakunokwenzeka ukudala uluhlu lweebhloko zokwakha ezihambisa u-Ether omnye komnye ukwenza umsebenzi oluncedo kumsebenzisi wokugqibela.
"Kwihlabathi eliqhelekileyo," oku kuya kufuna, umzekelo, ibhanki enkulu eya kuxoxisana ngemigaqo yekhontrakthi kunye nokufikelela kwe-API kunye nomnikezeli ngamnye ngamnye. Kodwa kwi-blockchain, nganye yezi bloko yenziwe ngokuzimeleyo ngabaphuhlisi kwaye yakhawuleza yaya kutsho kwizigidi zeedola kwi-output kunye nokugcinwa kwe-1 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngexabiso ukusuka ekuqaleni kuka-2020.
Umzekelo, masiqale ngeDharma, isipaji esivumela abasebenzisi ukugcina iithokheni zedijithali kwaye bafumane inzala kubo. Lo ngumgaqo osisiseko wokusetyenziswa kwenkqubo yebhanki yesiqhelo. Abaphuhlisi beDharma banikezela ngexabiso lenzala kubasebenzisi babo ngokudibanisa amacandelo amaninzi awakhiwe phezulu kwe-Ethereum. Ngokomzekelo, iidola zabasebenzisi ziguqulelwa kwi-DAI, i-stablecoin esekelwe kwi-Ethereum elingana nedola yaseMelika. Le stablecoin ke ifakwe kwiCompound, iprotocol eboleka le mali ngenzala kwaye ngoko nangoko ifumana inzala kubasebenzisi.
Ukusetyenziswa kwemali evulelekileyo
Eyona nto ithathwayo kukuba imveliso yokugqibela efikelela kumsebenzisi yakhiwe kusetyenziswa amacandelo amaninzi, ngalinye lakhiwe liqela elahlukileyo, kwaye kwakungekho mfuneko yokufumana imvume okanye isitshixo se-API sokusebenzisa loo macandelo. Ngoku kukho iibhiliyoni zeerandi ezijikelezayo kule nkqubo. Iphantse yafana nesoftware yomthombo ovulekileyo, kodwa ukuba isoftware yomthombo ovulekileyo ifuna ukuba ukhuphele ikopi yethala leencwadi elithile ekuphunyezweni ngalunye, ke amacandelo omthombo ovulekileyo abekwa kube kanye kuphela, kwaye ke umsebenzisi ngamnye angathumela izicelo kwicandelo elithile ukufikelela ekwabelweni kwalo. urhulumente.
Iqela ngalinye elenze la macandelo alinaxanduva lwawo nawaphi na amatyala agqithisileyo e-EC2 ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kakubi kwe-API yawo. Ukuthatha ufundo kunye nokutshaja kusetyenziso lwala macandelo ngokuyimfuneko kuyazenzekela ngaphakathi kwekhonkco.
Ukusebenza kunye nokulungisa
I-Ethereum isebenza kunye neeparitha ezifanayo njengeBitcoin, kodwa iibhloko zidluliselwa kumnatha malunga namaxesha angama-30 ngokukhawuleza kwaye zingabizi kakhulu - iindleko zentengiselwano yi-0,1 yeedola endaweni ye-0,5 ye-Bitcoin. Oku kunika inqanaba elaneleyo lokhuseleko kwizicelo ezilawula ii-asethi zemali kwaye azifuni i-bandwidth ephezulu.
Inethiwekhi ye-Ethereum, ekubeni iteknoloji yesizukulwana sokuqala, yanikezela kwimingeni yezicelo zevolumu ephezulu kwaye yahlupheka ngenxa yokugqithiswa kweentengiselwano ze-15 ngomzuzwana. Lo msantsa wemveliso ushiye imali evulekileyo ibambelele kubungqina bemeko. Inethiwekhi edibeneyo isebenze njengenkqubo yezemali yehlabathi kwixesha le-analog, kunye nokuhlolwa kwephepha kunye nokuqinisekiswa kwefowuni, kuba i-Ethereum inamandla angaphantsi kwekhompyutha 1990 iminyaka.
U-Ethereum ubonise amandla okudibanisa amacandelo amatyala okusetyenziswa kwemali kunye nokuvula ukufikelela kuluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-intanethi evulekile.
Isizukulwana sesithathu: vula i-intanethi
Ngoku nantoni na enexabiso inokuba yimali, idibanisa i-Intanethi ngemali evulekileyo kwaye ngaloo ndlela idale i-Intanethi yeXabiso kunye ne-Intanethi evulekileyo.
Njengoko kuphawuliwe ngaphambili, ingcamango yemali evulekileyo inezicelo ezininzi. Kwakhona kwachaza indlela iteknoloji yesizukulwana esilandelayo, i-Ethereum, yenze imali evulekileyo ibe luncedo ngakumbi ngokudala amathuba okudibanisa amacandelo emali evulekileyo. Ngoku makhe sijonge indlela esinye isizukulwana setekhnoloji esandisa ngayo amandla emali evulekileyo kunye nokuvula amandla okwenyani e-blockchain.
Ekuqaleni, yonke "imali" ekuthethwa ngayo luhlobo nje lwedatha egcinwe kwi-blockchain kunye ne-API yayo evulekileyo. Kodwa i-database inokugcina nantoni na.
Ngenxa yoyilo lwayo, i-blockchain ifaneleka kakhulu kwidatha enexabiso elibalulekileyo. Inkcazo "yexabiso elinentsingiselo" ibhetyebhetye kakhulu. Nayiphi na idatha enexabiso elinokubakho ebantwini inokubonakaliswa. I-Tokenization kulo mongo yinkqubo apho i-asethi ekhoyo (engadalwanga ukusuka ekuqaleni njengeBitcoin) idluliselwe kwi-blockchain kwaye inikwe i-API yoluntu efanayo ne-Bitcoin okanye i-Ethereum. Njengokuba kunjalo ngeBitcoin, oku kuvumela ukunqongophala ukuba kudalwe (nokuba yi-21 yezigidi zamathokheni okanye enye nje).
Cinga ngomzekelo weReddit, apho abasebenzisi bafumana udumo kwi-intanethi ngendlela ye "karma." Kwaye makhe sithathe iprojekthi efana neSofi, apho ezininzi iikhrayitheriya zisetyenziselwa ukuvavanya i-solvency yomntu othile. Kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, ukuba iqela le-hackathon eliphuhlisa i-Sofi entsha lifuna ukwakha i-karma ye-Reddit kwi-algorithm yabo yokuboleka, kuya kufuneka bangene kwisivumelwano seendlela ezimbini kunye neqela le-Reddit ukuze bafumane ukufikelela okuqinisekisiweyo kwi-API. Ukuba "i-karma" ibonakaliswe, ke eli qela liya kuba nazo zonke izixhobo eziyimfuneko zokudibanisa ne "karma" kwaye iReddit ayinakukwazi ngayo. Uya kuzuza nje kwinto yokuba abasebenzisi abaninzi bafuna ukuphucula i-karma yabo, kuba ngoku ayiloncedo kuphela kwiReddit, kodwa kwihlabathi liphela.
Ukuqhubela phambili, amaqela ahlukeneyo angama-100 kwi-hackathon elandelayo anokuza neendlela ezintsha zokusebenzisa le nto kunye nezinye izinto ze-asethi ukwenza isethi entsha yezinto ezifumaneka esidlangalaleni ezinokusetyenziswa kwakhona okanye ukwakha izicelo ezintsha zabathengi. Lo ngumbono we-intanethi evulekileyo.
I-Ethereum yenze ukuba kube lula ukubhobhoza iimali ezinkulu ngokusebenzisa amacandelo akhoyo esidlangalaleni, ngendlela efanayo evumela nayiphi na i-asethi enokuthi ifakwe uphawu, isetyenziswe, ithengiselwe, ixhaswe, iguqulwe, okanye idityaniswe nayo njengento ekhoyo kwindalo yayo yoluntu ukuba idluliselwe. API.
Ukumisela i-intanethi evulekileyo
I-intanethi evulekileyo ayahlukanga ngokwendalo kwimali evulekileyo: sisakhiwo nje esiphezu kwawo. Ukonyuka kwamatyala okusetyenziswa kwe-intanethi evulekileyo kufuna umtsi omkhulu ekusebenzeni kunye nokukwazi ukutsala abasebenzisi abatsha.
Ukugcina i-Intanethi evulekileyo, iqonga lifuna ezi mpawu zilandelayo:
- Ukusebenza okungaphezulu, isantya esiphezulu kunye neentengiselwano ezitshiphu. Njengoko ikhonkco lingagqithisi ngokulula kwizigqibo zolawulo lwe-asethi olucothayo, kufuneka lilinganise ukuxhasa iintlobo zedatha ezintsonkothileyo kunye namatyala osetyenziso.
- Ukusebenziseka. Njengoko iimeko zokusetyenziswa ziya kuguqulela kwizicelo zabasebenzisi, kubalulekile ukuba amacandelo aqulunqwayo, okanye izicelo eziphuhliswe kunye nabo, zibonelela ngamava alungileyo kumsebenzisi wokugqibela. Ngokomzekelo, xa bedala i-akhawunti okanye badibanisa enye ekhoyo kwii-asethi ezahlukeneyo kunye namaqonga kwaye ngexesha elifanayo bagcine ulawulo lwedatha ezandleni zomsebenzisi.
Akukho nanye iqonga elineempawu ezinjalo ngaphambili ngenxa yobunzima bayo. Kuthathe iminyaka yophando ukufikelela kwindawo apho iindlela ezintsha zokuvumelana zixutywa kunye namaxesha amatsha kunye neendlela ezintsha zokulinganisa-ngelixa kugcinwa amanqanaba okusebenza kunye nokhuseleko olufunekayo kwimpahla yemali.
Vula iQonga le-Intanethi
Uninzi lweeprojekthi ze-blockchain eziza kwintengiso kulo nyaka zilungelelanise amaqonga azo ukujongana neentlobo zemali evulekileyo kunye namatyala avulelekileyo okusetyenziswa kwemali. Ngokunikwa imida yetekhnoloji kweli nqanaba, bekuluncedo kubo ukuba baphucule iqonga labo le-niche ethile.
KUFUTSHANE kuphela kwekhonkco eliye lacoca itekhnoloji ngesazela kwaye yalungisa iimpawu zayo zokusebenza ukuze ihlangabezane ngokupheleleyo neemfuno ze-Intanethi evulekileyo.
KUFUTSHANE udibanisa iindlela zokukala ezivela kwihlabathi leendawo zogcino-lwazi ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye nokuphuculwa kwexesha lokusebenza kunye neminyaka yokuphuculwa kokusebenziseka. Njengo-Ethereum, i-NEAR inomatshini ogcweleyo ogcweleyo owakhiwe phezu kwe-blockchain, kodwa ukugcina imfuno, ikhonkco elingaphantsi lilinganisa i-output yomatshini obonakalayo ngokuphula izibalo kwiinkqubo ezihambelanayo (sharding). Kwaye ngexesha elifanayo ligcina ukhuseleko kwinqanaba eliyimfuneko yokugcina idatha ethembekileyo.
Oku kuthetha ukuba zonke iimeko zokusetyenziswa ezinokuthi ziphunyezwe KUFUTSHANE: iinkozo ze-fiat-backed ezinika wonke umntu ukufikelela kwimali ezinzileyo, ii-injini zezemali ezivulekileyo ezilinganisa izixhobo zemali ezinzima kwaye zibuyele kwakhona phambi kokuba abantu abaqhelekileyo bazisebenzise, ββkwaye ekugqibeleni uvule izicelo zomthombo. I-Intanethi, ebandakanya konke oku kurhwebo lwemihla ngemihla kunye nokunxibelelana.
isiphelo
Ibali le-intanethi evulekileyo isaqala kuba sisanda kuphuhlisa itekhnoloji efunekayo ukuze ifikelele kwisikali sayo sokwenyani. Ngoku ukuba eli nyathelo elikhulu lithathiwe, ikusasa liya kwakhiwa kwizinto ezintsha ezinokudalwa kobu buchwepheshe butsha, kunye nobuchule bezobuchwepheshe babaphuhlisi kunye nabasomashishini abahamba phambili kule nyaniso entsha.
Ukuqonda impembelelo enokubakho ye-intanethi evulekileyo, cinga emva βkugqabhuko-dubulo lweCambrianβ olwenzeka ngexesha lokuyilwa kweeprothokholi ze-intanethi ezifunekayo ukuvumela abasebenzisi ukuba ekugqibeleni bachithe imali kwi-Intanethi ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1990. Kule minyaka ingama-25 ilandelayo, urhwebo lwe-intanethi lukhule, luvelisa ngaphezulu kwe-2 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngonyaka ngamnye.
Ngokunjalo, i-intanethi evulekileyo yandisa umda kunye nokufikelela kwiimali ezivulelekileyo zezemali kwaye izivumele ukuba zibandakanywe kushishino kunye nezicelo ezijongene nabathengi ngeendlela esinokuthelekelela, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo singazicingeli.
Masakhe i-Intanethi evulekileyo kunye!
Uluhlu oluncinci lwezixhobo zabo bafuna ukugrumba nzulu ngoku:
1. Unokubona ukuba uphuhliso lwe-KUFUTSHANE lujongeka njani kwaye ulinge kwi-IDE ekwi-intanethi .
2. Abaphuhlisi abafuna ukujoyina i-ecosystem .
3. Amaxwebhu abanzi abaphuhlisi besiNgesi ayafumaneka .
4. Ungalandela zonke iindaba ngesiRashiya kwi nangaphakathi
5. Ukuba unemibono yeenkonzo eziqhutywa luluntu kwaye ufuna ukusebenza kuzo, yiza kuthi inkxaso koosomashishini.
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