Ngandlela ithile ngaxa lithile ndaye ndagqiba kwelokuba ndibhale inqaku malunga nokuhanjiswa ngendlela yeebhokisi ze-Docker kunye neepakethi ze-deb, kodwa xa ndiqala, ngesizathu esithile ndathathwa ndabuyela kumaxesha akude kwiikhompyuter zomntu wokuqala kunye nokubala. Ngokubanzi, endaweni yokuthelekisa okomileyo kwe-docker kunye ne-deb, sifumene ezi ngcinga ngesihloko se-evolution, endiyibonisayo ukuba uyiqwalasele.
Nayiphi na imveliso, nokuba yintoni na, kufuneka ngandlela thile ifike kwiiseva zemveliso, kufuneka iqwalaselwe kwaye iqaliswe. Yiloo nto eli nqaku liza kuba malunga nalo.
Ndiza kucinga ngokwembali, "into endiyibonayo yile ndicula ngayo," into endayibonayo xa ndandiqala ukubhala ikhowudi kunye nento endiyibonayo ngoku, into esiyisebenzisayo ngoku kwaye ngoba. Inqaku alizenzi ngathi lisifundo esipheleleyo, ezinye iingongoma ziyaphoswa, le yimbono yam yobuqu malunga nokuba yintoni na kwaye yintoni ngoku.
Ngoko ke, ngeentsuku zakudala... eyona ndlela yakuqala yokuhanjiswa endiyifumeneyo yayiziikhasethi ezisuka kwiirekhoda. Bendinekhompyuter i-BK-0010.01...
Ixesha lezixhobo zokubala
Hayi, bekukho umzuzu ongaphambili, kukho nesixhobo sokubala ΠΈ .
Ngoko xa ndandinayo , ngoko indlela yokudlulisa inkqubo yayiyiphepha eliqhelekileyo kwibhokisi apho inkqubo yabhalwa khona, leyo, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukuyiqhuba ngesandla, yabhalwa kwi-calculator. Ukuba ufuna ukudlala (ewe, kwanale calculator yangaphambi konogumbe inemidlalo) - uhlala phantsi kwaye ufake inkqubo kwikhaltyhuleyitha. Ngokwemvelo, xa ikhaltyhuleyitha icinyiwe, inkqubo yanyamalala yalityalwa. Ukongeza kwiikhowudi zokubala ezibhalwe buqu ephepheni, iinkqubo zapapashwa kwiimagazini "Irediyo" kunye "neTekhnoloji yoLutsha", kwaye zapapashwa nakwiincwadi zelo xesha.
Uhlengahlengiso olulandelayo yayisisibali-manani , sele inembonakalo ethile yogcino lwedatha olungaguquguqukiyo. Ngoku umdlalo okanye inkqubo akunyanzelekanga ukuba ifakwe ngesandla, kodwa emva kokwenza ukudlula komlingo ngamaqhosha, yazilayisha ngokwayo.
Ubungakanani beprogram enkulu kwi-calculator yayiyi-105 amanyathelo, kwaye ubungakanani bememori esisigxina kwi-MK-52 yayiyi-512 amanyathelo.
Ngendlela, ukuba kukho abalandeli bezi calculator abafunda eli nqaku, kwinkqubo yokubhala inqaku ndifumene zombini i-emulator yokubala ye-Android kunye neenkqubo zayo. Phambili kwixesha elidlulileyo!
I-digression emfutshane malunga ne-MK-52 (ukusuka kwiWikipedia)
I-MK-52 ibhabhele emajukujukwini kwisiphekepheke seSoyuz TM-7. Bekufanele ukuba isetyenziselwe ukubala i-trajectory yokumisa kwimeko apho ikhomputha ekwibhodi ayiphumelelanga.
Ukususela ngo-52, i-MK-1988 kunye neyunithi yokwandisa imemori ye-Elektronika-Astro inikezelwe kwiinqanawa zeNavy njengenxalenye yekiti yekhompyutha yokuhamba.
Iikhompyuter zokuqala
Masibuyele kumaxesha . Kucacile ukuba kukho inkumbulo engakumbi apho, kwaye ukuchwetheza ikhowudi kwiphetshana kwakungaseyondlela yokukhetha (nangona ekuqaleni ndenze loo nto, kuba kwakungekho enye indlela). Iikhasethi zeaudio zokurekhoda ziba yeyona ndlela iphambili yokugcina nokuhambisa isoftware.
Ukugcinwa kwikhasethi ngokuqhelekileyo kwakukwimo yefayile enye okanye ezimbini zokubini, yonke enye into yayiqulethwe ngaphakathi. Ukuthembeka kwakuphantsi kakhulu, kwafuneka ndigcine iikopi ze-2-3 zeprogram. Amaxesha okulayisha nawo ayedanile, kwaye abanomdla bazama iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokufaka iikhowudi ukuze boyise ezi ntsilelo. Ngelo xesha, mna ngokwam andizange ndibandakanyeke ekuphuhliseni isoftware yobuchwephesha (ngaphandle kokubala iinkqubo ezilula kwi-BASIC), ngoko ke, ngelishwa, andiyi kukuxelela ngokucacileyo ukuba yonke into yalungiswa njani ngaphakathi. Inyani yokuba ikhompyuter ine-RAM kuphela ubukhulu becala imisele ukulula kweskim sogcino lwedatha.
Ukuvela kwemithombo yeendaba ethembekileyo kunye nenkulu yokugcina
Kamva, kwavela iidiski zefloppy, inkqubo yokukopa yenziwa lula, nokuthembeka kwanda.
Kodwa imeko iyatshintsha ngokukhawuleza kuphela xa iindawo zokugcina ezinkulu ngokwaneleyo zivela ngendlela yee-HDDs.
Uhlobo lonikezelo lutshintsha ngokusisiseko: iinkqubo ze-installer zivela ezilawula inkqubo yokuqwalasela inkqubo, kunye nokucoca emva kokususwa, kuba iinkqubo azifundwanga nje kwimemori, kodwa sele zikhutshelwe kwindawo yokugcina indawo, apho kufuneka ukwazi ukususa izinto ezingeyomfuneko ukuba kuyimfuneko.
Ngexesha elifanayo, ubunzima besoftware enikezelweyo buyanda.
Inani leefayile ekuhanjisweni landa ukusuka kumbalwa ukuya kumakhulu kunye namawaka, iingxabano phakathi kweenguqulelo zethala leencwadi kunye nolunye uvuyo luqala xa iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zisebenzisa idatha efanayo.
Ngelo xesha, ubukho beLinux babungekavulwa kum; Ndandihlala kwihlabathi le-MS DOS kwaye, kamva, iWindows, kwaye ndabhala eBorland Pascal naseDelphi, ngamanye amaxesha ndijonge ngaseC ++. Abantu abaninzi basebenzisa i-InstalShield ukuhambisa iimveliso ngelo xesha. , eyasombulula ngempumelelo yonke imisebenzi eyabelweyo yokuthumela kunye nokuqwalasela isoftware.
Ixesha le-Intanethi
Ngokuthe ngcembe, ukuntsonkotha kweenkqubo zesoftware kuya kusiba nzima ngakumbi; ukusuka kwi-monolith kunye ne-desktop applications kukho inguqu kwiinkqubo ezisasaziweyo, abathengi abancinci kunye nee-microservices. Ngoku kufuneka uqwalasele kungekuphela nje inkqubo enye, kodwa iseti yazo, kwaye ukuze zonke zisebenze kunye.
Ingcamango yatshintsha ngokupheleleyo, i-Intanethi yeza, ixesha leenkonzo zefu lafika. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kuphela kwinqanaba lokuqala, ngendlela yeewebhusayithi, akukho mntu uye waphupha ngokukhethekileyo ngeenkonzo. kodwa yaba yinguquko kuphuhliso nokuhanjiswa kwezicelo.
Mna ngokwam, ndiye ndaqaphela ukuba ngelo xesha kukho utshintsho kwizizukulwana zabaphuhlisi (okanye kwakukwimeko-bume yam kuphela), kwaye kwakukho imvakalelo yokuba zonke iindlela zakudala zokuhambisa zalibaleka ngexesha elinye kwaye yonke into yaqala ukusuka kakhulu. isiqalo: konke ukuhanjiswa kwaqala ukwenziwa izikripthi zamadolo kwaye ngokuzidla ngokuthi "Ukuhanjiswa okuqhubekayo". Enyanisweni, ixesha lesiphithiphithi liqalile, xa elidala lilityelwe kwaye lingasetyenziswa, kwaye elitsha alikho.
Ndikhumbula amaxesha apho kwinkampani yethu apho ndandisebenza khona (andiyi kuyithiya igama), endaweni yokwakha ngembovane (i-maven yayingekadumi okanye ingekabikho kwaphela), abantu babeqokelela nje iingqayi kwi-IDE kwaye bazibophelele ngokuzolileyo. kwi SVN. Ngokufanelekileyo, ukuthunyelwa kuqulethwe kukufumana kwakhona ifayile kwi-SVN kwaye uyikhuphele nge-SSH kumatshini ofunekayo. Ilula kakhulu kwaye ibhidekile.
Ngexesha elifanayo, ukuhanjiswa kweendawo ezilula kwi-PHP kwenziwa ngendlela yakudala kakhulu ngokukhuphela ifayile echanekileyo nge-FTP kumatshini ojoliswe kuwo. Ngamanye amaxesha oku kwakungenjalo - ikhowudi yahlelwa ngqo kwiseva yemveliso, kwaye yayiyi-chic ngakumbi ukuba kukho i-backups kwenye indawo.
Iiphakheji zeRPM kunye neDEB
Kwelinye icala, ngophuhliso lwe-Intanethi, iinkqubo ezifana ne-UNIX zaqala ukufumana ukuthandwa ngakumbi, ngakumbi, kwaba ngelo xesha ndafumanisa iRedHat Linux 6, malunga ne-2000. Ngokwendalo, bekukho iindlela ezithile zokuhambisa isoftware; ngokutsho kweWikipedia, iRPM njengomphathi wepakethe ophambili sele evele ngo-1995, kwinguqulelo yeRedHat Linux 2.0. Kwaye ukusukela ngoko ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje, inkqubo inikezelwe ngohlobo lweepakethe zeRPM kwaye sele ikhona ngempumelelo kwaye iphuhliswa.
Ukusasazwa kwentsapho yaseDebian kulandele indlela efanayo kwaye kuphunyezwe ukuhanjiswa ngendlela yeepakethe ze-deb, eziye zahlala zingatshintshi kuze kube namhlanje.
Abaphathi bepakethi bakuvumela ukuba uhambise iimveliso zesoftware ngokwabo, uzilungiselele ngexesha lokufakela, ulawule ukuxhomekeka phakathi kweepakethi ezahlukeneyo, ukususa iimveliso kunye nokucoca izinto ezingeyomfuneko ngexesha lenkqubo yokukhupha. Ezo. ubukhulu becala, yiyo yonke loo nto efunekayo, yiyo loo nto bathatha amashumi eminyaka bengatshintshanga.
Ikhompuyutha yamafu yongeze ufakelo kubaphathi bephakheji kungekuphela nje kwimithombo yeendaba, kodwa nakwindawo zokugcina ilifu, kodwa ngokusisiseko kuncinci okutshintshileyo.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuba ngoku kukho ezinye iintshukumo zokusuka kude kwi-deb kwaye utshintshele kwiipakethi ze-snap, kodwa ngaphezulu koko kamva.
Ke, esi sizukulwana sitsha sabaphuhlisi bamafu, ababengayazi i-DEB okanye i-RPM, sakhula kancinci, safumana amava, iimveliso zaba nzima ngakumbi, kwaye ezinye iindlela zokuhambisa ezisengqiqweni zazifuneka kune-FTP, imibhalo ye-bash kunye nobugcisa obufanayo babafundi.
Kwaye kulapho i-Docker ingena emfanekisweni, uhlobo lomxube wokwenza izinto ezibonakalayo, ukucandwa kwezixhobo kunye nendlela yokuhambisa. Isefashonini kwaye iselula ngoku, kodwa ngaba iyafuneka kuyo yonke into? Ngaba eli liyeza?
Ngokusuka kuqwalaselo lwam, rhoqo uDocker ucetywayo hayi njengokhetho olufanelekileyo, kodwa ngenxa yokuba, kwelinye icala, kuthethwa ngalo eluntwini, kwaye abo bayicebisayo bayayazi kuphela. Kwelinye icala, ubukhulu becala bathi cwaka malunga neenkqubo zokupakisha zakudala ezilungileyo - zikhona kwaye zenza umsebenzi wazo ngokuzolileyo kwaye zingaqatshelwa. Kwimeko enjalo, akukho nyani enye indlela - ukhetho lucacile - iDocker.
Ndiza kuzama ukwabelana ngamava am ngendlela esenze ngayo iDocker kunye nokuba kwenzeke ntoni ngenxa yoko.
Izikripthi ezizibhalayo
Ekuqaleni, kwakukho izikripthi ze-bash ezazisasaza ii-archive zejagi koomatshini abafunekayo. Le nkqubo yayilawulwa nguJenkins. Oku kusebenze ngempumelelo, kuba indawo yokugcina ijagi ngokwayo sele iyindibano equlathe iiklasi, izixhobo kunye noqwalaselo. Ukuba ubeka yonke into kuyo ukuya kwinqanaba eliphezulu, ngoko ke ukuyandisa kwiskripthi akuyona into enzima kakhulu oyifunayo
Kodwa izikripthi zineengxaki ezininzi:
- Izikripthi zidla ngokubhalwa ngokukhawuleza kwaye ke ngoko ke zezakudala kangangokuba ziqulathe kuphela eyona meko ilungileyo. Oku kuququzelelwa yinyaniso yokuba umphuhlisi unomdla wokuhanjiswa ngokukhawuleza, kwaye iskripthi esiqhelekileyo sifuna utyalo-mali lwesixa esifanelekileyo semithombo.
- njengesiphumo senqaku langaphambili, izikripthi aziqulathanga iinkqubo zokukhupha
- akukho nkqubo yohlaziyo isekiweyo
- Xa kuvela imveliso entsha, kufuneka ubhale iskripthi esitsha
- akukho nkxaso yokuxhomekeka
Ngokuqinisekileyo, ungabhala iskripthi esiyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa, njengoko ndibhale ngasentla, eli lixesha lokuphuhlisa, kwaye kungekhona, kwaye, njengoko siyazi, kukho ixesha elaneleyo.
Konke oku ngokucacileyo kunciphisa usetyenziso lwale ndlela yokusasaza kwiinkqubo ezilula kuphela. Lifikile ixesha lokutshintsha oku.
Docker
Ngaxa lithile, i-middles esanda kwenziwa yaqala ukuza kuthi, igcwele ngezimvo kwaye ixambulisana malunga ne-docker. Ewe, iflegi esandleni - masenze! Kwabakho iinzame ezimbini. Zombini azizange ziphumelele-masithi, ngenxa yamabhongo amakhulu, kodwa ukungabi namava okwenene. Ngaba kwakuyimfuneko ukuyinyanzela nokuyigqiba nangayiphi na indlela? Akunakwenzeka - iqela kufuneka liguqukele kwinqanaba elifunekayo ngaphambi kokuba lisebenzise izixhobo ezifanelekileyo. Ukongeza, xa usebenzisa imifanekiso ye-Docker esele yenziwe, sasihlala sidibana nento yokuba inethiwekhi ayisebenzi ngokuchanekileyo (enokuthi ibe ngenxa yokufuma kweDocker ngokwayo) okanye kwakunzima ukwandisa izitya zabanye abantu.
Zeziphi izinto eziphazamisayo esadibana nazo?
- Iingxaki zenethiwekhi kwimo yebhulorho
- Kuyaphazamisa ukujonga iilog kwisikhongozeli (ukuba azigcinwanga ngokwahlukeneyo kwindlela yefayile yomatshini wokusingatha)
- I-ElasticSearch ngamanye amaxesha iba ngumkhenkce ngokungaqhelekanga ngaphakathi kwesikhongozeli, isizathu asikamiselwa, isikhongozeli sisemthethweni.
- Kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa iqokobhe ngaphakathi kwesitya - yonke into ihluthwe kakhulu, akukho zixhobo ziqhelekileyo
- Ubungakanani obukhulu bezikhongozeli eziqokelelweyo - kuyabiza ukuzigcina
- Ngenxa yobukhulu bezikhongozeli, kunzima ukuxhasa iinguqulelo ezininzi
- Ixesha elide lokwakha, ngokungafaniyo nezinye iindlela (izikripthi okanye iipakethe zedeb)
Kwelinye icala, kutheni kubi ngakumbi ukuhambisa inkonzo yaseNtwasahlobo ngendlela yokugcinwa kwejagi ngedeb enye? Ngaba kuyimfuneko ngokwenene ukwahlulwa kobutyebi? Ngaba kufanelekile ukuphulukana nezixhobo zokusebenza ezifanelekileyo ngokufaka inkonzo kwisikhongozeli esincitshiswe kakhulu?
Njengoko uqeqesho lubonisile, ngokwenene oku akuyimfuneko, iphakheji ye-deb yanele kwi-90% yamatyala.
Ityala elidala lisilela nini kwaye siyifuna nini idocker?
Kithina, oku bekusa iinkonzo kwipython. Uninzi lwamathala eencwadi afunekayo ekufundeni ngomatshini kwaye aluqukwanga kunikezelo olusemgangathweni lwenkqubo yokusebenza (kwaye bekukho iinguqulelo ezingalunganga), ii-hacks ezinoseto, imfuno yeenguqulelo ezahlukeneyo zeenkonzo ezahlukeneyo ezihlala kwinkqubo efanayo yokusingatha ikhokelele oku, ukuba ekuphela kwendlela efanelekileyo yokuhambisa lo mxube wenyukliya yayiyidokhi. Ubunzulu bomsebenzi wokudibanisa isikhongozeli se-docker buguquke baba sezantsi kunombono wokupakisha yonke kwiipakethe zedeb ezahlukeneyo ezinokuxhomekeka, kwaye eneneni akukho mntu usezingqondweni zabo zilungileyo unokuyenza le nto.
Inqaku lesibini apho siceba ukusebenzisa i-Docker kukuhambisa iinkonzo kusetyenziswa iskimu sokusasaza eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kodwa apha ndifuna ukufumana ukonyuka kancinci kobunzima: okokuqala, iipakethe zedeb zakhiwa, kwaye emva koko kwakhiwa isikhongozeli sedoki ukusuka kubo.
Iipakethe ze-Snap
Masibuyele kwi-snap packages. Baqala ukubonakala ngokusemthethweni kwi-Ubuntu 16.04. Ngokungafaniyo neepakethe zedeb eziqhelekileyo kunye neepakethe ze-rpm, i-snap ithwala zonke izinto ezixhomekeke kuyo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, oku kukuvumela ukuba uphephe iingxabano zethala leencwadi, kwelinye icala, iphakheji ebangelwayo inkulu ngobukhulu. Ukongezelela, oku kunokuchaphazela ukhuseleko lwenkqubo: kwimeko yokuhanjiswa kwe-snap, zonke iinguqu kwiilayibrari ezibandakanyiweyo kufuneka zibekwe esweni ngumphuhlisi owenza ipakethe. Ngokubanzi, akusiyo yonke into elula kwaye ulonwabo lwendalo yonke aluveli ekusebenziseni. Kodwa, nangona kunjalo, le yeyona ndlela isengqiqweni ngokupheleleyo ukuba iDocker efanayo isetyenziswa kuphela njengesixhobo sokupakisha hayi ukwenza izinto ezibonakalayo.
Ngenxa yoko, ngoku sisebenzisa zombini iipakethe zedeb kunye nezikhongozeli ze-docker ngokudityaniswa okufanelekileyo, apho, mhlawumbi, kwezinye iimeko siya kuthatha indawo yeepakethe ze-snap.
Ngabasebenzisi ababhalisiweyo kuphela abanokuthatha inxaxheba kuphando. , ndiyacela.
Usebenzisa ntoni xa uhambisa?
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Izikripthi ezizibhalayo
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Khuphela ngesandla kwiFTP
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deb iiphakheji
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iipakethe ze-rpm
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iipakethe ze-snap
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Docker-imifanekiso
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Imifanekiso yomatshini obonakalayo
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Vala i-HDD yonke
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ipiliti
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iyenzeka
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Okunye
Bangama-109 abasebenzisi abavotileyo. Abasebenzisi abangama-32 abakhange.
umthombo: www.habr.com