Ukuguqulelwa kwenqaku kulungiselelwe ngokukodwa abafundi bekhosi .
Ngaba unomdla wokuphuhlisa kweli cala? Jonga ukurekhodwa kweklasi yobuchwephesha , eyayiqhutywa ngu-Egor Zuev - iTeamLead kwi-InBit kunye nombhali wenkqubo yemfundo kwi-OTUS.
I-Google Cloud Platform (GCP) inikezela ngeenkonzo ezininzi, kwaye ngokukodwa i-computing stack equlethe i-Google Compute Engine (GCE), i-Google Kubernetes Engine (eyayisakuba yi-Container Engine) (GKE), i-Google App Engine (GAE) kunye ne-Google Cloud Functions (GCF) . Zonke ezi nkonzo zinamagama apholileyo, kodwa zisenokungabonakali ngokupheleleyo malunga nemisebenzi yazo kunye nento eyenza ukuba ibe yodwa omnye komnye. Eli nqaku lenzelwe abo batsha kwiikhonsepthi zamafu, ngakumbi iinkonzo zelifu kunye ne-GCP.
1. Bala isitaki
Isitaki sekhompyuter singacingelwa njengento ethathwa njengemaleko ngaphezulu kwento enokubonelelwa yinkqubo yekhompyuter. Lo mfumba uyanyuka (ihambela phezulu) ukusuka "kwintsimbi engenanto" (isinyithi), ibhekisa kwezona nxalenye zehardware yekhompyuter, ukuya kutsho kwimisebenzi (imisebenzi), emele eyona yunithi incinane yokubala. Yintoni ebalulekileyo ukuba uyiqaphele malunga nesitaki kukuba iinkonzo ziyadityaniswa njengoko unyusa isitaki, njengecandelo "lezicelo" (apps), eboniswe kuMfanekiso 1 ngezantsi, kufuneka iqulathe zonke iinxalenye zesikhongozeli ezisisiseko (izitya), oomatshini benyani (o matshini) kunye nentsimbi. Ngendlela efanayo, icandelo loomatshini benyani kufuneka liqulathe i-hardware ngaphakathi ukuze isebenze.
Umzobo 1: Complete stack | Umfanekiso uthathwe kwi
Lo mzekelo, oboniswe kwi-Figure 1, sisiseko sokuchaza iminikelo evela kubaboneleli bamafu. Ke, abanye ababoneleli banokubonelela kuphela, umzekelo, izikhongozeli kunye neenkonzo ezisezantsi kumgangatho ecaleni kwesitaki, ngelixa abanye banokubonelela ngayo yonke into eboniswe kuMfanekiso 1.
β Ukuba uqhelene neenkonzo zelifu, yiya ku icandelo lesi-3ukubona i-GCP elinganayo
β Ukuba ufuna kuphela isishwankathelo seenkonzo zelifu, yiya ku icandelo lesi-2.4
2. Iinkonzo zamafu
Ihlabathi le-cloud computing lihluke kakhulu. Ababoneleli bamafu banikezela ngeenkonzo ezahlukeneyo ezilungiselelwe iimfuno ezahlukeneyo zabathengi. Usenokuba uvile ngamagama afana ne-IaaS, i-PaaS, i-SaaS, i-FaaS, i-KaaS, njl. nabo bonke oonobumba bealfabhethi belandelwa ngu "aaS". Nangona ingqungquthela yamagama engaqhelekanga, benza isethi yeenkonzo zomboneleli wefu. Ndichaza ukuba kukho i-3 ephambili "njengenkonzo" iminikelo ababoneleli befu phantse rhoqo.
Ezi zi-IaaS, i-PaaS kunye ne-SaaS, ngokulandelanayo imele i-Infrastructure njengeNkonzo, i-Platform njengeNkonzo kunye neSoftware njengeNkonzo. Kubalulekile ukujonga ngeso lengqondo iinkonzo zefu njengemigangatho yeenkonzo ezinikezelweyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba njengoko unyuka okanye uhla ukusuka kwinqanaba ukuya kwinqanaba, wena njengomthengi utyhulwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zenkonzo ezongeziweyo okanye ezithatyathwe kumnikelo ongundoqo. Kungcono ukucinga ngayo njengephiramidi, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 2.
Umzobo 2: aaS Iphiramidi | Umfanekiso uthathwe kwi
2.1 Iziseko zoncedo njengeNkonzo (IaaS)
Eli lelona nqanaba lisezantsi umnikezeli welifu anokubonelela kwaye libandakanya umboneleli welifu ohambisa isiseko sesinyithi esingenanto, kubandakanya i-middleware, iintambo zenethiwekhi, ii-CPUs, ii-GPUs, i-RAM, ukugcinwa kwangaphandle, iiseva, kunye nemifanekiso yenkqubo yokusebenza ephantsi umz. Debian Linux, CentOS, Windows. , njl.
Ukuba u-odola isicatshulwa kwi-cloud IaaS umboneleli, yile nto kufuneka ulindele ukuyifumana. Kuxhomekeke kuwe, mthengi, ukudibanisa ezi ziqwenga ukuqhuba ishishini lakho. Ubungakanani bento ekuya kufuneka usebenze nayo inokwahluka ukusuka kumthengisi ukuya kumthengisi, kodwa ngokubanzi ufumana i-hardware kunye ne-OS kwaye okunye kukuwe. Imizekelo ye-IaaS yi-AWS Elastic Compute, iMicrosoft Azure, kunye neGCE.
Abanye abantu banokungayithandi into yokuba bafake imifanekiso ye-OS kwaye bajongane nothungelwano, ukulinganisa umthwalo, okanye ukuxhalaba malunga nokuba loluphi uhlobo lweprosesa olulungele umthwalo wabo womsebenzi. Apha kulapho sinyuka khona iphiramidi ukuya ePaaS.
2.2 Iqonga njengenkonzo (PaaS)
I-PaaS ibandakanya kuphela umnikezeli wenkonzo yefu enikezela ngeqonga elithile apho abasebenzisi banokwakha khona izicelo. Oku kukukhutshwa kwi-IaaS, oku kuthetha ukuba umboneleli wefu unyamekela zonke iinkcukacha ze-CPU iintlobo, imemori, i-RAM, ukugcinwa, amanethiwekhi, njl. Njengoko kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 2, wena njengomthengi unolawulo oluncinci kwiqonga langempela ngenxa yokuba. ilifu umboneleli uphatha zonke iinkcukacha zesiseko sakho. Ucela iqonga elikhethiweyo kwaye wakhe iprojekthi kuyo. Imizekelo yePaaS yiHeroku.
Oku kunokuba linqanaba eliphezulu kakhulu kwabanye, njengoko bengafuni ukwakha iprojekthi kwiqonga elithile, kodwa kunoko bafuna iseti yeenkonzo ngokuthe ngqo kumboneleli welifu. Kulapho i-SaaS ingena khona.
2.3 Isoftware njengenkonzo (SaaS)
I-SaaS imele iinkonzo eziqhelekileyo ezibonelelwa ngababoneleli ngeenkonzo zefu. Zijoliswe kubasebenzisi bokugqibela kwaye zifikeleleka ngokuyinhloko kwiiwebhusayithi ezifana ne-Gmail, iGoogle Docs, iDropbox, njl. Ngokuphathelele i-Google Cloud, kukho iminikelo emininzi ngaphandle kwe-computing stack eyi-SaaS. Ezi ziquka i-Data Studio, i-Big Query, njl.
2.4 IsiShwankathelo seeNkonzo zamafu
Amacandelo
IaaS
PaaS
SaaS
Ufumana ntoni
Ufumana isiseko kwaye uhlawule ngokufanelekileyo. Inkululeko yokusebenzisa okanye ukufaka nayiphi na isoftware, i-OS okanye ukwakheka kwayo.
Apha ufumana into oyicelayo. Isoftware, ihardware, i-OS, indawo yewebhu. Ufumana iqonga elilungele ukusetyenziswa kwaye uhlawule ngokufanelekileyo.
Apha awudingi kuzikhathaza nganto. Ubonelelwa ngephakheji efakwe ngaphambili elungiselelwe ngokweemfuno zakho kwaye konke okufuneka ukwenze kukuhlawula ngokufanelekileyo.
Nentsingiselo
IKhompyutha eyiSiseko
Phezulu IaaS
Le yiphakheji epheleleyo yeenkonzo
Ubunzima bobugcisa
Ulwazi lobugcisa luyafuneka
Unikwe uqwalaselo olusisiseko, kodwa usafuna ulwazi lwesizinda.
Akukho mfuneko yokukhathazeka ngeenkcukacha zobugcisa. Umboneleli we-SaaS ubonelela ngayo yonke into.
Isebenza ngantoni?
Oomatshini benyani, ugcino, iiseva, inethiwekhi, abalinganisi bomthwalo, njl.
Iimeko zexesha lokusebenza (njengexesha le-java), oovimba beenkcukacha (ezifana ne-mySQL, i-Oracle), iiseva zewebhu (ezifana ne-tomcat, njl.)
Izicelo ezifana neenkonzo ze-imeyile (i-Gmail, i-imeyile ye-Yahoo, njl.), iisayithi zokusebenzisana noluntu (i-Facebook, njl.)
Igrafu yodumo
Idumile phakathi kwabaphuhlisi abanezakhono eziphezulu, abaphandi abafuna ukwenziwa ngokweemfuno zabo okanye indawo yophando
Uninzi lwaziwayo phakathi kwabaphuhlisi njengoko banokugxila ekuphuhliseni izicelo zabo okanye izikripthi. Abanakukhathazeka malunga nomthwalo wetrafikhi okanye ulawulo lweseva, njl.
Eyona nto idumileyo phakathi kwabathengi abaqhelekileyo okanye iinkampani ezisebenzisa isoftware efana ne-imeyile, ukwabelana ngefayile, iinethiwekhi zentlalo, njengoko kungafuneki bakhathazeke malunga neenkcukacha zobugcisa.
Umzobo 3: Isishwankathelo seminikelo yefu enkulu | Umfanekiso unikiwe
3. Google Cloud Platform Computing Suite
Ukujonga kwimibonelelo yomboneleli welifu eqhelekileyo kwiCandelo lesi-2, sinokuzithelekisa neminikelo yeLifu likaGoogle.
3.1 I-Google Compute Engine (GCE) - IaaS
Umzobo 4: I-Google Compute Engine (GCE) Icon
I-GCE lunikezelo lwe-IaaS oluvela kuGoogle. Nge-GCE, unokudala ngokukhululekileyo oomatshini ababonakalayo, ukwaba i-CPU kunye nezixhobo zememori, khetha uhlobo lokugcina olufana ne-SSD okanye i-HDD, kunye nobungakanani bememori. Iphantse yangathi uzakhele eyakho ikhompyuter/indawo yokusebenzela kwaye uphathe zonke iinkcukacha zendlela esebenza ngayo.
Kwi-GCE, unokukhetha kwimizekelo emincinci kunye ne-0,3-core processors kunye ne-1 GB ye-RAM ukuya kwi-96-core monsters kunye ne-300 GB ye-RAM. Unokwenza kwakhona ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo oomatshini benyani bomthwalo wakho womsebenzi. Kwabo banomdla, aba ngoomatshini benyani onokuthi ubakhe.
3.2. Injini kaGoogle Kubernetes (GKE) - (Caas / Kaas)
Umzobo 5: I-Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) icon
I-GKE lunikezelo lwekhompuyutha olukhethekileyo oluvela kwi-GCP oluyi-abstraction ngaphezulu kwe-Compute Engine. Ngokubanzi, i-GKE inokuhlelwa njengeNkonkxa njengeNkonzo (CaaS), ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba yi-Kubernetes njengeNkonzo (i-KaaS), evumela abathengi ukuba baqhube ngokulula izitya zabo ze-Docker kwindawo elawulwa ngokupheleleyo ye-Kubernetes. Kulabo abangaqhelananga nezikhongozeli, izitya zinceda ukumodareyitha iinkonzo / izicelo, ngoko ke izikhongozeli ezahlukeneyo zinokuqulatha iinkonzo ezahlukeneyo, umzekelo, isikhongozeli esinye sinokubamba isiphelo sangaphambili sesicelo sakho sewebhu kwaye esinye sinokuqulatha umva wayo. I-Kubernetes izenzela, i-orchestrates, ilawula, kwaye ibeke izitya zakho. Ulwazi oluninzi apha.
3.3 Google App Engine (GAE) - (PaaS)
Umzobo 6: I-Google App Engine (GAE) Icon
Njengoko kukhankanyiwe kwiCandelo 2.2, i-PaaS ihlala ngasentla kwe-IaaS kwaye kwimeko ye-GCP, inokuqwalaselwa njengomnikelo ongentla kwe-GKE. I-GAE yi-PaaS yesiko likaGoogle, kwaye indlela abazichaza ngayo "kukuzisa ikhowudi yakho kwaye siya kukhathalela abanye."
Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba abathengi abasebenzisa i-GAE akufuneki bajongane ne-hardware engaphantsi / i-middleware, kwaye banokuba neqonga elilungiselelwe kwangaphambili elilungele ukuhamba; konke ekufuneka bekwenzile kukubonelela ngekhowudi efunekayo ukuyiqhuba.
I-GAE iphatha ngokuzenzekelayo ukukala ukuhlangabezana nomthwalo kunye nemfuno yomsebenzisi, okuthetha ukuba ukuba iwebhusayithi yakho yokuthengisa iintyatyambo iphezulu ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yokuba uSuku lweValentine lusondela, i-GAE iya kusingatha ukulinganisa iziseko ezisisiseko ukuhlangabezana nemfuno kwaye iqinisekise ukuba iwebhusayithi yakho ayiyi kuphazamiseka ngenxa yokunyuka kwemfuno. Oku kuthetha ukuba uhlawulela kanye izibonelelo ezifunwa sisicelo sakho ngelo xesha.
I-GAE isebenzisa iKubernetes okanye uhlobo lwayo lwemveli ukuphatha yonke le nto ukuze ungabi naxhala ngayo. I-GAE ifaneleke kakhulu kwiinkampani ezingenamdla kwiziseko ezisisiseko kwaye zikhathalele kuphela ukuqinisekisa ukuba isicelo sabo sifikeleleke ngeyona ndlela ingcono.
Ngokombono wam, i-GAE yeyona ndawo ilungileyo yokuqalisa ukuba ungumphuhlisi onombono omkhulu, kodwa awufuni kujongana nobunzima bokuseta iiseva, ukulinganisa umthwalo, kunye nayo yonke eminye imisebenzi edla ixesha le-devops/SRE. . Ngokuhamba kwexesha ungazama i-GKE kunye ne-GCE, kodwa luluvo lwam olo.
Ukuzihlangula: I-AppEngine isetyenziselwa usetyenziso lwewebhu, hayi usetyenziso lweselula.
Ngolwazi:
3.4 Imisebenzi yeLifu likaGoogle - (FaaS)
Umzobo 7: I-Google Cloud Functions (GCF) icon
Ngethemba ukuba uye waqaphela intsingiselo ngokujonga iminikelo yangaphambili. Okukhona unyuka ileli yesisombululo seKhompyutha ye-GCP, kokukhona kufuneka ukhathazeke kancinci malunga nobuchwephesha obusisiseko. Le phiramidi iphetha ngeyona yunithi incinane enokwenzeka yokubala, umsebenzi, njengoko kubonisiwe kwiCandelo loku-1.
I-GCF lubonelelo olutsha lwe-GCP olusekwi-beta (ngexesha lokubhalwa kwalo). Imisebenzi yelifu ivumela imisebenzi ethile ebhalwe ngumphuhlisi ukuba iqhutywe sisiganeko.
Ziqhutywa umcimbi kwaye zisentliziyweni yegama elithi "serverless", okuthetha ukuba abazazi iiseva. Imisebenzi yamafu ilula kakhulu kwaye inosetyenziso oluninzi olwahlukileyo olufuna ukucinga kwesiganeko. Umzekelo, ngalo lonke ixesha umsebenzisi omtsha ebhalisa, umsebenzi welifu unokushukunyiswa ukuba ulumkise abaphuhlisi.
Kwifektri, xa inzwa ethile ifikelela kwixabiso elithile, inokuqalisa umsebenzi wefu owenza ulwazi oluthile, okanye ukwazisa abanye abasebenzi bokulondoloza, njl.
isiphelo
Kweli nqaku, sathetha ngeminikelo yamafu ehlukeneyo njenge-IaaS, i-PaaS, njl. kunye nendlela i-computing stack ye-Google sisebenzisa ngayo la maleko ahlukeneyo. Siye sabona ukuba iileya ezithathayo xa zisuka kolunye udidi lwenkonzo ukuya kwelinye, olufana ne-IaaS e-Paas, zifuna ulwazi oluncinane lwento esisiseko.
Kwishishini, oku kubonelela ukuguquguquka okubalulekileyo okungafezekisi nje iinjongo zayo zokusebenza, kodwa kuhlangabezana nezinye iinkalo eziphambili ezifana nokhuseleko kunye neendleko. Ukushwankathela:
Injini yeKhompyutha - ikuvumela ukuba wenze umatshini wakho obonakalayo ngokunikezela izixhobo ezithile ze-hardware, umzekelo, i-RAM, iprosesa, imemori. Ikwaluncedo kakhulu kwaye ikwinqanaba elisezantsi.
Injini yeKubernetes linyathelo elinyukayo ukusuka kwiNjini yeKhompyutha kwaye ikuvumela ukuba usebenzise i-Kubernetes kunye nezikhongozeli ukulawula usetyenziso lwakho, kukuvumela ukuba usikhulise njengoko kufuneka.
Injini yeApp linyathelo lokunyuka ukusuka kwi-Kubernetes Injini, ekuvumela ukuba ugxile kuphela kwikhowudi yakho ngelixa uGoogle enyamekela zonke iimfuno zeqonga elisezantsi.
Cloud Functions iphezulu yephiramidi yekhompyutha, ekuvumela ukuba ubhale umsebenzi olula othi, xa uqhutywa, usebenzise yonke isiseko esisisiseko ukubala nokubuyisela umphumo.
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