Ukuthelekiswa kweendlela kunye nezenzo zokukhusela idatha yomntu eRashiya kunye ne-EU
Ngapha koko, nangasiphi na isenzo esenziwe ngumsebenzisi kwi-Intanethi, uhlobo oluthile lokukhohlisa idatha yobuqu yomsebenzisi lwenzeka.
Asihlawuleli iinkonzo ezininzi esizifumana kwi-Intanethi: ukukhangela ulwazi, i-imeyile, ukugcina idatha yethu efini, ukunxibelelana kwiintanethi zentlalo, njl. Nangona kunjalo, ezi nkonzo zikhululekile kuphela: sihlawula. kubo ngedatha yethu , apho ezi nkampani zijika zibe yimali, ngokukodwa ngokuthengisa.
Okwangoku, idatha yesini, ubudala kunye nendawo yokuhlala, imbali yokukhangela -
isiseko seshishini lentengiso ye-intanethi exabisa iibhiliyoni zeedola kunye neeyuro. Oko kukuthi, ngokwembono yomthetho, idatha yomntu zizinto zokwenza ishishini. Ngokufanelekileyo, iinkampani zenza iinzame ezinkulu kwaye zichitha imali eninzi ukufumana kunye nokwenza idatha yobuqu. Uphononongo olwenziwe ngo-2018 lubonisa ukuba abasebenzisi, beqonda ixabiso ledatha yabo yobuqu, bayanda ukunganeliseki ngendlela iinkampani eziphatha ngayo idatha yabo.
Ummiselo kwicandelo lokusetyenziswa kwedatha yomsebenzisi awukayimi kwaye usemva kophuhliso lwetekhnoloji kungekuphela nje eRussia, kodwa kwihlabathi liphela, ke ngoko, ibhalansi yomdla wabathengi kunye neenkampani "kwinkonzo yemali - yedatha." - imali” imodeli iyakhiwa namhlanje ngabaLawuli nangezivumelwano ezingephi phakathi koluntu neenkampani. Abalawuli banciphisa amandla kwiinkampani ze-IT kunye nokwandisa amalungelo abasebenzisi: ukwazisa imithetho emitsha enika abasebenzisi ulawulo olungakumbi kulwazi abalunikezayo.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthelekisa iindlela zabalawuli kumazwe aseYurophu naseRashiya. ERashiya, imimiselo ephambili elawula ukuphathwa kwedatha yomntu nguMthetho we-Federal kuKhuseleko lweDatha yoMntu (152-FZ) kunye neKhowudi yoLwaphulo-mthetho loLawulo, olumisela ngokuthe ngqo inani elithile lezohlwayo zokwaphula inkqubo yokuphatha idatha yomntu. . Izohlwayo zolawulo zinyuke kakhulu ukususela ngomhla woku-1 kweyeKhala ngowama-2017. Kwangaxeshanye, kwamiselwa izohlwayo ezitsha ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lolwaphulo-mthetho olwenziweyo. Ngaloo ndlela, amagosa angahlawuliswa kwi-3000 ukuya kwi-ruble ye-20, oosomashishini ngabanye - kwisixa se-000 ukuya kwi-5000 ruble, imibutho - kwisixa se-20 ukuya kwi-000 ruble. Ngaphezu koko, banokuphenduliswa ngeziphoso ezahlukeneyo. Ngako oko, inkampani enye inokuba phantsi kwezohlwayo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zokwaphulwa kwemithetho eyahlukeneyo. Kodwa uxanduva lunikezelwa ngokukodwa ngenxa yokungaphumeleli ukuthobela iimfuno ezisemthethweni, umzekelo, ukuba amaphepha ayimfuneko alahlekile. Oku akusoloko kunxulumene ngokuthe ngqo nokhuseleko lolwazi lokwenyani. Umzekelo, ukuvuza kwamanzi ngokwako akungozizathu zezohlwayo ngaphandle kokuba eminye imithetho yaphulwa. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, inani elibalulekileyo lolwaphulo-mthetho oluchongiweyo kwinkalo yokuphatha idatha yomntu siqu luqulathe imixholo ebonelelweyo kwiSiqendu 15 seKhowudi yoLwaphulo-mthetho loLawulo lweRussian Federation: “Ukungaphumeleli ukungenisa okanye ukungeniswa kwangethuba kumbutho karhulumente (Roskomnadzor) - ulwazi. (ulwazi), ukungeniswa kwalo kubonelelwe ngumthetho kwaye kuyimfuneko ukuze kuphunyezwe lo mbutho imisebenzi yakhe esemthethweni...” Kuyathakazelisa ukuba uxanduva olukhulu alubonelelwanga ngenxa yokuphulwa kwenkqubo yokuphatha idatha yomntu (njengoko kubonisiwe ngasentla, oku kumyinge wama-000-75 amawaka eeruble), kodwa ngokukodwa ukusilela ukubonelela (ukulibaziseka, ukungeniswa okungaphelelanga) inkqubo yokuphatha idatha yomntu eRoskomnadzor iphantsi kwesohlwayo ukuya kuma-ruble angama-000. Ezo. kumthetho waseRashiya kunye nokusebenza kwesicelo sayo, umkhwa okhoyo "into ephambili kukuba i-suit ifanelana" kwaye iimfuno zombuso ziyaneliswa. abasemagunyeni kwiingxelo ezahlukeneyo. Amalungelo okwenene abasebenzisi kunye nokhuseleko lwedatha yabo yobuqu kwi-Intanethi ayikhuselwanga kakuhle. Isixa esifanayo sezohlwayo asihambelani nangayiphi na indlela kunye nesixa seenzuzo ezifunyenwe ziinkampani ezithile xa zisaphula ukuphathwa kwedatha yomntu kwi-Intanethi kwaye ayikhuthazi ukuthotyelwa kwale migaqo.
Kwi-EU umfanekiso wahlukile. Ukususela ngoMeyi 2018, eYurophu, ukusebenza kunye neenkcukacha zomntu zilawulwa yimigaqo yokulungiswa kwedatha yomntu esekwe nguMthetho woKhuseleko lweDatha Jikelele (Ummiselo we-EU 2016/679 ngo-Aprili 27, i-2016 okanye i-GDPR - i-General Data Protection Regulation). Ummiselo unesiphumo esithe ngqo kuwo onke amazwe angama-28 e-EU. Ummiselo unika abahlali be-EU ulawulo olupheleleyo kwidatha yabo yobuqu. Ngaphantsi kwe-GDPR, abemi be-EU kunye nabahlali banamalungelo abanzi kakhulu okulawula idatha yabo yobuqu. Abasebenzisi baseYurophu banelungelo lokucela isiqinisekiso sokuba idatha yabo iyasetyenzwa, indawo kunye nenjongo yokusetyenzwa kwayo, iindidi zedatha yobuqu ecutshungulwayo, apho abantu besithathu bevezwa iinkcukacha zabo, ixesha apho idatha iya kucutshungulwa, kunye nokucacisa umthombo wokufumana umbutho wedatha yomntu kwaye ucele ukulungiswa kwabo. Ngaphezu koko, umsebenzisi unelungelo lokufuna ukuba ukucutshungulwa kwedatha yakhe kuyekwe.
Ukususela ngoMeyi 2018, uxanduva ngendlela yezohlwayo zokuphulwa kwemithetho yokucubungula idatha yomntu: ngokwe-GDPR, intlawulo ifikelela kwi-20 yezigidi ze-euro (malunga ne-1,5 yezigidigidi zeeruble) okanye i-4% yengeniso yenkampani yonyaka.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba konke oku kuyasebenza: iinkampani ezaphula amalungelo abasebenzisi zinoxanduva, kwaye zihlawuliswa kakhulu. Umzekelo, nge-21 kaJanuwari 2019, iKhomishini yeSizwe yaseFransi ye-Informatics and Civil Rights (CNIL) ihlawulise inkampani yaseMelika i-GOOGLE LLC i-€50 yezigidi ngokwaphula i-GDPR. Isohlwayo sikhulu kakhulu, nto leyo ebonisa ngokucacileyo iziphumo zokungathobeli iimfuno ze-GDPR. Yayiyintoni isohlwayo? Ikhomishini yaseFransi igqibe kwelokuba ulungiselelo lokuqala lwesixhobo esiphathwayo kwinkqubo yokusebenza Android (iGoogle) ayibaniki abasebenzisi ulwazi olupheleleyo malunga nento eyenziwa yiGoogle ngedatha yabo yobuqu. Inkampani ayiphumelelanga ukufezekisa uxanduva lwayo lokuqinisekisa ukuba akukho nto icacileyo ekucutshungulweni kwedatha yobuqu kunye nokwazisa abantu (Amanqaku 12 kunye ne-13 e-GDPR). Amaxesha okugcinwa kwedatha yomsebenzisi ayelawulwa kakubi. Inkampani yayingenaso isiseko esisemthethweni sokucubungula idatha yayo (Amanqaku 6 e-GDPR). IGoogle ikwatyholwa ngokufumana imvume yabasebenzisi ngendlela engafanelekanga yokucubungula idatha yabo ukuze yenziwe ibe yeyakho intengiso.
Eminye imizekelo: isohlwayo esivela kumlawuli waseJamani uLfDI ukuya kwisicelo sengxoxo sokuthandana noKnuddels - i-euro ezingama-20.000; isibhedlele sasePhuthukezi iSibhedlele saseBarreiro sityholwa ngokulawula ngokungafanelekanga ukufikelela kwiinkcukacha zobuqu ezibalulekileyo (isohlwayo se-300 lamawaka eeuro) kunye nokwaphula ukhuseleko kunye nentembeko. idatha (enye i-euro eyi-100 lamawaka). Abasemagunyeni e-UK bakhuphe isilumkiso kwinkampani yaseCanada ebandakanyeka kuphando lohlalutyo. Inkampani iyalelwe ukuba iyeke ukusetyenzwa kwedatha yabemi, kungenjalo ijongene nesohlwayo se-20 yezigidi zee-Euro. Intengiso yedijithali yaseKhanada kunye nenkampani yophuhliso lwesoftware i-AggregateIQ yahlawuliswa i-£ 17000000. I-cafe e-Austria yahlawuliswa i-5280 ye-euro ngokucupha ngokungekho mthethweni kwevidiyo (ikhamera ibambe inxalenye yendlela yendlela). Ezo. nayiphi na inhlangano ephantsi kwe-GDPR ayifanele ikhawulelwe, ngokwesithethe sasekhaya, kuphela ekuphuhlisweni kwamaxwebhu okulawula.
Ngendlela, into ekhethekileyo ye-GDPR kukuba isebenza kuzo zonke iinkampani ezilungisa idatha yomuntu siqu yabahlali kunye nabemi be-EU, kungakhathaliseki ukuba indawo yaloo nkampani, ngoko ke iinkampani zaseRashiya kufuneka ziqwalasele ngononophelo lo Mmiselo ukuba iinkonzo zabo zijoliswe kuyo. kwimarike yaseYurophu
umthombo: www.habr.com
