Amafu eHybrid: isikhokelo sabaqhubi abaqalayo

Molo, Khabrovites! Ngokwezibalo, imarike yeenkonzo zefu eRashiya ihlala ifumana amandla. Amafu e-Hybrid ahamba phambili kunanini na ngaphambili - nangona itekhnoloji ngokwayo ikude nentsha. Iinkampani ezininzi ziyazibuza ukuba kunokwenzeka njani ukugcina kunye nokugcina iqela elikhulu le-hardware, kubandakanywa nento efunekayo kwimeko, ngendlela yelifu labucala.

Namhlanje siza kuthetha malunga nokuba zeziphi iimeko usebenzisa ifu ye-hybridi iya kuba yinyathelo elifanelekileyo, kwaye apho inokudala iingxaki. Eli nqaku liza kuba luncedo kwabo bangazange babe namava anzulu okusebenza ngamafu adibeneyo, kodwa sele bewajongile kwaye abazi ukuba baqale phi.

Ekupheleni kwenqaku, siya kunika uluhlu lokutshekisha amaqhinga okuya kukunceda xa ukhetha umboneleli wefu kunye nokuseka ifu ye-hybrid.

Sicela wonke umntu onomdla ukuba angene phantsi kokusikwa!

Ilifu labucala VS yoluntu: okuhle kunye nokubi

Ukuqonda ukuba zeziphi izizathu ezityhala amashishini ukuba atshintshele kwi-hybrid, makhe sijonge ezona mpawu ziphambili zamafu oluntu kunye nawabucala. Makhe sigxininise, okokuqala, kwezo nkalo ngandlela-thile zixhalabisa iinkampani ezininzi. Ukuthintela ukubhideka kwisigama, sinikezela ngezantsi kweenkcazo eziphambili:

Ilifu labucala (okanye labucala). sisiseko se-IT, amacandelo abekwe ngaphakathi kwinkampani enye kwaye kuphela kwizixhobo ezizezale nkampani okanye umboneleli welifu.

Ilifu loluntu yindawo ye-IT, umnini wayo obonelela ngeenkonzo ngentlawulo kwaye unikezela indawo efini kuwo wonke umntu.

Ilifu leHybrid iqulathe ngaphezu kwesinye sabucala kwaye ngaphezu kwesinye ilifu likawonke-wonke, amandla e-computing ekwabelwana ngawo.

Amafu abucala

Nangona ixabiso layo eliphezulu, ilifu labucala lineenzuzo ezininzi ezingenakunakwa. Oku kubandakanya ukulawulwa okuphezulu, ukhuseleko lwedatha, kunye nokubeka iliso ngokupheleleyo kwezibonelelo kunye nokusebenza kwezixhobo. Ukuthetha nje, ilifu labucala lidibana nazo zonke izimvo zeenjineli malunga nesiseko esifanelekileyo. Ngalo naliphi na ixesha unako ukulungelelanisa i-architecture yefu, utshintshe iimpawu zayo kunye noqwalaselo.

Akukho mfuneko yokuxhomekeka kubaboneleli bangaphandle - onke amacandelo eziseko zophuhliso ahlala kwicala lakho.

Kodwa, ngaphandle kweengxoxo ezinamandla ezixhasayo, ilifu labucala linokubiza kakhulu ekuqaleni kunye nokugcinwa okulandelayo. Sele sele kwinqanaba lokuyila ifu langasese, kuyimfuneko ukubala ngokuchanekileyo umthwalo wexesha elizayo ... Ukugcina ekuqaleni kunokukhokelela ekubeni kungekudala okanye kamva uya kujongana nokungabikho kwezixhobo kunye nesidingo sokukhula. Kwaye ukulinganisa ifu labucala yinkqubo enzima kwaye iyabiza. Ngalo lonke ixesha kufuneka uthenge izixhobo ezitsha, ziqhagamshele kwaye zilungiselele, kwaye oku kunokuthatha iiveki-ngokuchasene nokukalwa kwangoko kwilifu likawonkewonke.

Ukongeza kwiindleko zezixhobo, kuyimfuneko ukubonelela ngezibonelelo zemali kwiilayisensi kunye nabasebenzi.

Kwezinye iimeko, ibhalansi "yexabiso/umgangatho", okanye ngokuthe ngqo "indleko yokukalisa kunye nokugcinwa kwayo/izibonelelo ezifunyenweyo," ekugqibeleni itshintshela kwixabiso.

Amafu oluntu

Ukuba kuphela ungumnikazi welifu labucala, ke ilifu likawonke-wonke lelomboneleli wangaphandle okuvumela ukuba usebenzise izixhobo zayo zekhompyuter ngomrhumo.

Ngexesha elifanayo, yonke into ehambelana nenkxaso yefu kunye nokugcinwa kuwela kumahlombe "umnikezeli" onamandla. Umsebenzi wakho kukukhetha isicwangciso serhafu esisiso kwaye wenze iintlawulo ngexesha.

Ukusebenzisa ilifu likawonke-wonke kwiiprojekthi ezincinci kunexabiso eliphantsi kunokugcina izixhobo zakho zokusebenza.

Ngokufanelekileyo, akukho mfuneko yokugcina iingcali ze-IT kunye neengozi zemali ziyancipha.

Ngaliphi na ixesha, ukhululekile ukutshintsha umboneleli wefu kwaye uhambe kwindawo efanelekileyo okanye enenzuzo ngakumbi.

Ngokubhekiselele kwizinto ezingeloncedo zamafu oluntu, yonke into elapha ilindeleke kakhulu: ulawulo oluncinci kakhulu kwicala lomxhasi, ukusebenza okuphantsi xa kusetyenzwa imithamo emikhulu yedatha kunye nokhuseleko lwedatha oluphantsi xa kuthelekiswa nezabucala, ezinokubaluleka kwezinye iintlobo zamashishini. .

amafu angumxube

Ekudibaneni kwezi zibonelelo zingasentla kunye nokungalunganga kukho amafu axubileyo, adityaniswe ubuncinane nelifu elinye labucala kunye noluntu olunye okanye ngaphezulu. Ekuqaleni (kwaye nakwisibini) ukujonga, kunokubonakala ngathi ifu elixubileyo lilitye lefilosofi elikuvumela ukuba "ufake" amandla ekhompyutheni nangaliphi na ixesha, wenze izibalo eziyimfuneko kwaye "uvuthele" yonke into emva. Hayi ilifu, kodwa nguDavid Blaine!

Enyanisweni, yonke into iphantse ibe yinto enhle njenge-theory: ifu ye-hybridi igcina ixesha kunye nemali, ineemeko ezininzi ezisemgangathweni kunye nezingasetyenziswanga ... kodwa kukho ama-nuances. Nazi ezona zibalulekileyo kuzo:

Okokuqala, kuyimfuneko ukudibanisa ngokuchanekileyo ifu "yakho" kunye "nomnye umntu", kubandakanywa ngokubhekiselele ekusebenzeni. Iingxaki ezininzi zinokuvela apha, ngakumbi ukuba iziko ledatha yelifu likawonkewonke likude ngokwasemzimbeni okanye lakhiwe kwitekhnoloji eyahlukileyo. Kule meko, kukho umngcipheko omkhulu wokulibaziseka, ngamanye amaxesha kubaluleke kakhulu.

Okwesibini, ukusebenzisa ifu ye-hybrid njengesiseko sesicelo esisodwa sigcwele ukusebenza okungalinganiyo kuyo yonke imida (ukusuka kwi-CPU ukuya kwi-disk subsystem) kunye nokunciphisa ukunyamezela impazamo. Iiseva ezimbini ezineeparamitha ezifanayo, kodwa zibekwe kumacandelo ahlukeneyo, ziya kubonisa ukusebenza okwahlukileyo.

Okwesithathu, musa ukulibala malunga nobuthathaka be-hardware ye-hardware "yangaphandle" (imibuliso eshushu kwi-Intel abayili bezakhiwo) kunye nezinye iingxaki zokhuseleko kwindawo yoluntu yelifu, esele ikhankanywe ngasentla.

Yesine, Ukusetyenziswa kwefu elixubekileyo lisongela ukunciphisa kakhulu ukunyamezela impazamo ukuba ibamba isicelo esisodwa.

Ibhonasi eyodwa: ngoku amafu amabini endaweni enye kunye / okanye uxhulumaniso phakathi kwabo "lunokwaphuka" kanye. Kwaye kwiindibaniso ezininzi ngexesha elinye.

Ngokwahlukileyo, kufanelekile ukukhankanya iingxaki zokubamba izicelo ezinkulu kwilifu elixubileyo.
Kwiimeko ezininzi, awukwazi ukuhamba kwaye ufumane, umzekelo, oomatshini abayi-100 abane-128GB ye-RAM kwilifu likawonkewonke. Ngokuqhelekileyo, akukho mntu uya kukunika iimoto ezinjalo ezili-10.

Ewe, amafu oluntu ayiyorabha, eMoscow. Ababoneleli abaninzi abagcini nje ukugcina ugcino olunjalo lwasimahla-kwaye oku kuchaphazela i-RAM. Unako "ukuzoba" iicores ezininzi zeprosesa njengoko uthanda, kwaye unokubonelela ngokuphindwe kaninzi ngaphezulu kwe-SSD okanye umthamo we-HDD kunokuba ukhoyo ngokwasemzimbeni. Umboneleli uya kuba nethemba lokuba awuyisebenzisi yonke ivolumu ngexesha elinye kwaye kuya kwenzeka ukuba ukwandise endleleni. Kodwa ukuba akukho RAM yaneleyo, umatshini obonakalayo okanye isicelo sinokuqhekeka ngokulula. Kwaye inkqubo ye-virtualization ayisoloko ivumela amaqhinga anjalo. Kwimeko nayiphi na into, kuyafaneleka ukukhumbula olu phuhliso lweziganeko kunye nokuxubusha la manqaku kunye nomnikezeli "onshore", ngaphandle koko unomngcipheko wokushiywa ngexesha lomthwalo ophakamileyo (uLwesihlanu oMnyama, umthwalo wexesha, njl.).

Isishwankathelo, ukuba ufuna ukusebenzisa isiseko se-hybrid, gcina engqondweni ukuba:

• Umboneleli akasoloko ekulungele ukunika amandla ayimfuneko kwimfuno.
• Kukho iingxaki kunye nokulibaziseka kuqhagamshelwano lwezinto. Kuya kufuneka uqonde ukuba zeziphi iziqendu zeziseko ezingundoqo kwaye kweziphi iimeko eziya kwenza izicelo “ngendibano”; oku kunokuchaphazela ukusebenza kunye nokufumaneka. Kungcono ukuqwalasela ukuba efini akukho node enye ye-cluster, kodwa icandelo elizimeleyo nelizimeleyo lesiseko.
• Kukho umngcipheko weengxaki ezenzeka kwiindawo ezinkulu zomhlaba. Kwisisombululo se-hybridi, enye okanye enye ilifu "linokuwa" ngokupheleleyo. Kwimeko yeqela eliqhelekileyo le-virtualization, usengozini yokuphulukana nomncedisi omnye, kodwa apha usengozini yokuphulukana kakhulu kanye, ngobusuku.
• Eyona nto ikhuselekileyo yokwenza kukuphatha inxalenye yoluntu kungekhona njenge "extender," kodwa njengelifu elihlukeneyo kwiziko ledatha eyahlukileyo. Enyanisweni, kule meko awuyihoyi "i-hybridity" yesisombululo.

Ukunciphisa izinto ezingeloncedo kwilifu elixubileyo

Enyanisweni, umfanekiso uthandeka ngakumbi kunokuba unokucinga. Into ebaluleke kakhulu kukuba ukwazi amaqhinga "okupheka" ifu elihle le-hybridi. Nazi ezona ziphambili kwifomathi yoluhlu lokukhangela:

• Akufunekanga uhambise iindawo ezinovakalelo-mva kwisicelo kwilifu likawonke-wonke ngokwahlukileyo kwisoftware engundoqo: umzekelo, indawo efihlakeleyo okanye idatabase phantsi komthwalo weOLTP.
• Musa ukubeka ngokupheleleyo ezo ndawo zesicelo kwilifu likawonkewonke, ngaphandle kwayo iya kuyeka ukusebenza. Ngaphandle koko, ukusilela kwenkqubo kuya kwanda amaxesha amaninzi.
• Xa ulinganisa, khumbula ukuba ukusebenza koomatshini abafakwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zelifu kuya kwahluka. Ukuguquguquka kokulinganisa kuya kuba kude nokugqibelela. Ngelishwa, le yingxaki yoyilo loyilo kwaye awuyi kukwazi ukuyiphelisa ngokupheleleyo. Unokuzama kuphela ukunciphisa impembelelo yayo emsebenzini.
• Zama ukuqinisekisa ukusondelelana okukhulu ngokomzimba phakathi kwamafu kawonkewonke kunye nabucala: umgama omfutshane, usezantsi ukulibaziseka phakathi kwamacandelo. Ngokufanelekileyo, zombini iindawo zefu "ziphila" kwiziko ledatha efanayo.
• Kubalulekile ngokulinganayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba omabini amafu asebenzisa itekhnoloji yenethiwekhi efanayo. Amasango e-Ethernet-InfiniBand angabonisa iingxaki ezininzi.
• Ukuba itekhnoloji efanayo ye-virtualization isetyenziswa kumafu abucala kunye noluntu, oku kukudibanisa okuqinisekileyo. Kwezinye iimeko, ungavuma kunye nomboneleli ukuba afuduke bonke oomatshini benyani ngaphandle kokufakwa kwakhona.
• Ukwenza ukusebenzisa ilifu elixubileyo libe nenzuzo, khetha umboneleli welifu onexabiso eliguquguqukayo. Okona kulungileyo, kusekwe kwizibonelelo ezisetyenziswa ngokwenene.
• Ukulinganisa kunye namaziko edatha: ukuba ufuna ukwandisa umthamo, siphakamisa "isikhungo sedatha sesibini" kwaye sibeke phantsi komthwalo. Ngaba ugqibile ngezibalo zakho? "Sicima" amandla angaphezulu kwaye sigcine.
• Izicelo zomntu ngamnye kunye neeprojekthi zinokufuduselwa kwilifu likawonke-wonke ngelixa ilifu labucala lilinganiswa, okanye nje ixesha elithile. Enyanisweni, kulo mzekelo awuyi kuba ne-hybridity, kuphela uxhumano lwe-L2 oluqhelekileyo, olungaxhomekekanga nangayiphi na indlela kubukho / ukungabikho kwelifu lakho.

Endaweni yesiphelo

Kuko konke. Sathetha ngeempawu zamafu abucala kunye noluntu, kwaye sijonge amathuba aphambili okuphucula ukusebenza kunye nokuthembeka kwamafu e-hybrid. Nangona kunjalo, uyilo lwalo naliphi na ilifu sisiphumo sezigqibo, ukulungelelaniswa kunye neengqungquthela ezichazwe kwiinjongo zoshishino zenkampani kunye nezixhobo.

Injongo yethu kukukhuthaza umfundi ukuba athathe ngokungathí sina ukhetho lwesiseko selifu esifanelekileyo ngokusekelwe kwiinjongo zakhe, ubugcisa obukhoyo kunye nobuchule bezemali.

Siyakumema ukuba wabelane ngamava akho nge-hybrid cloud kwizimvo. Siqinisekile ukuba ubuchule bakho buya kuba luncedo kubaqhubi beenqwelomoya abaninzi.

umthombo: www.habr.com