Isihloko seengozi ezinkulu kumaziko edatha yanamhlanje kuphakamisa imibuzo engazange iphendulwe kwinqaku lokuqala - sagqiba ekubeni siphuhlise.
Ngokwezibalo ezivela kwi-Uptime Institute, uninzi lweziganeko kumaziko eenkcukacha zihambelana nokungaphumeleli kwenkqubo yokunikezelwa kwamandla-zibalelwa kwi-39% yeziganeko. Zilandelwa yimeko yomntu, ebangela enye i-24% yeengozi. Isizathu sesithathu esibaluleke kakhulu (15%) kukungaphumeleli kwenkqubo yokupholisa umoya, kwaye kwindawo yesine (12%) ziintlekele zendalo. Isabelo sisonke sezinye iingxaki si-10% kuphela. Ngaphandle kokuthandabuza idatha yentlangano ehloniphekileyo, siya kugxininisa into eqhelekileyo kwiingozi ezahlukeneyo kwaye sizame ukuqonda ukuba ngaba bezinokuphetshwa. Spoiler: kuyenzeka kwiimeko ezininzi.
Inzululwazi yoQhagamshelwano
Ukuyibeka ngokulula, kukho iingxaki ezimbini kuphela ngonikezelo lwamandla: nokuba akukho mnxibelelwano apho kufanele ukuba kube khona, okanye kukho unxibelelwano apho kungabikho unxibelelwano. Unokuthetha ixesha elide malunga nokuthembeka kweenkqubo zanamhlanje zokubonelela ngombane, kodwa azihlali zikusindisa. Thatha imeko ephezulu yeziko ledatha elisetyenziswa yiBritish Airways, ephethwe yinkampani engumzali ye-International Airlines Group. Kukho iipropathi ezimbini ezinje zibekwe kufutshane nesikhululo seenqwelomoya iHeathrow-Boadicea House kunye neComet House. Kweyokuqala kwezi, ngoMeyi 27, 2017, umbane wengozi wenzeke, okhokelela ekugqithiseni kunye nokungaphumeleli kwenkqubo ye-UPS. Ngenxa yoko, ezinye zezixhobo ze-IT zonakaliswe ngokomzimba, kwaye intlekele yakutshanje yathatha iintsuku ezintathu ukusombulula.
I-airline kwafuneka ikhansele okanye ihlehlise iinqwelo-moya ezingaphezu kwewaka, malunga namawaka angama-75 abagibeli abakwazanga ukuhamba ngexesha - i-$ 128 yezigidi yachithwa ekuhlawuleni imbuyekezo, ingabalwa iindleko ezifunekayo ukubuyisela ukusebenza kwamaziko edatha. Imbali yezizathu zokucima umbane ayicacanga. Ukuba uyakholelwa kwiziphumo zophando lwangaphakathi olubhengezwe yi-International Airlines Group CEO uWillie Walsh, kungenxa yempazamo yeenjineli. Nangona kunjalo, inkqubo yonikezelo lwamandla engaphazamisekiyo kwafuneka imelane nokuvalwa okunjalo - yiyo loo nto ifakiwe. Iziko ledatha lilawulwa ziingcali ezivela kwinkampani yokukhupha i-CBRE yeeNkonzo eziLawulwayo, ngoko ke iBritish Airways yazama ukubuyisela inani lomonakalo ngenkundla yaseLondon.
Ukutshatyalaliswa kombane kwenzeka kwiimeko ezifanayo: okokuqala kukho ukucima ngenxa yempazamo yomboneleli wombane, ngamanye amaxesha ngenxa yemozulu embi okanye iingxaki zangaphakathi (kubandakanywa neempazamo zabantu), kwaye emva koko inkqubo yonikezelo lwamandla engenakuphazamiseka ayikwazi ukujamelana nomthwalo okanye imfutshane. Ukuphazamiseka kwexesha le-sine wave kubangela ukusilela kweenkonzo ezininzi, okubangela ukubuyiselwa okuthatha ixesha elininzi kunye nemali. Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuphepha iingozi ezinjalo? Ngokungathandabuzekiyo. Ukuba uyila inkqubo ngokuchanekileyo, kwanabadali bamaziko amakhulu edatha abakhuselekanga kwiimpazamo.
Umntu
Xa isizathu esikhawulezileyo sesiganeko sizenzo ezingalunganga zabasebenzi beziko ledatha, iingxaki rhoqo (kodwa kungekhona rhoqo) zichaphazela inxalenye yesofthiwe yesiseko se-IT. Iingozi ezinjalo zenzeka nakwiinkampani ezinkulu. NgoFebruwari 2017, ngenxa yelungu leqela eliqeshwe ngokungalunganga kwiqela lokusebenza kwezobugcisa kwelinye lamaziko edatha, inxalenye ye-Amazon Web Services ikhutshaziwe. Kwenzeke imposiso ngexesha lokulungisa inkqubo yokuhlawula kwi-Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3) abathengi bokugcina ilifu. Umsebenzi uzame ukucima inani leeseva ezisetyenziswa yinkqubo yokuhlawula, kodwa wabetha iqela elikhulu.
Ngenxa yempazamo yobunjineli, iiseva eziqhuba iimodyuli zesoftware yokugcina ifu yeAmazon zacinywa. Eyokuqala echaphazelekayo yayiyi-subsystem ye-indexing, equlethe ulwazi malunga neemethadatha kunye nendawo yazo zonke izinto ze-S3 kummandla we-US-EAST-1 waseMelika. Isiganeko siphinde sachaphazela i-subsystem esetyenziselwa ukusingatha idatha kunye nokulawula indawo ekhoyo yokugcina. Emva kokucima oomatshini ababonakalayo, ezi zimbini zincinci zifuna ukuqalisa kwakhona ngokupheleleyo, emva koko iinjineli zaseAmazon zaye zamangala - ixesha elide, ukugcinwa kwelifu loluntu akukwazanga ukwenza inkonzo yezicelo zabathengi.
Impembelelo yayixhaphakile, njengoko izixhobo ezininzi ezinkulu zisebenzisa i-Amazon S3. Ukukhutshwa kwachaphazela i-Trello, i-Coursera, i-IFTTT kwaye, ngokungathandekiyo, iinkonzo zamaqabane amakhulu ase-Amazon ukusuka kuluhlu lwe-S & P 500. Umonakalo kwiimeko ezinjalo kunzima ukubala, kodwa wawukummandla wamakhulu ezigidi zeedola zase-US. Njengoko ubona, umyalelo omnye ongalunganga wanele ukukhubaza inkonzo yeqonga elikhulu lelifu. Le ayisiyonto izimeleyo; ngoMeyi 16, 2019, ngexesha lomsebenzi wokulungisa, inkonzo yeYandex.Cloud oomatshini benyani babasebenzisi kwizowuni ye-ru-central1-c ababekwimo ESIMISIWEYO kanye kanye. Idatha yomxhasi sele yonakele apha, enye yayo ibilahlekile ngokungenakubuyiseka. Ewe, abantu abafezekanga, kodwa iinkqubo zokhuseleko lolwazi lwanamhlanje kudala zikwazi ukujonga izenzo zabasebenzisi abanelungelo ngaphambi kokuba baphumeze imiyalelo abayifakileyo. Ukuba izisombululo ezinjalo ziphunyezwa kwiYandex okanye kwi-Amazon, iziganeko ezinjalo zinokuphetshwa.
Ukupholisa emkhenkceni
NgoJanuwari 2017, ingozi enkulu yenzeke kwiziko ledatha yeDmitrov yenkampani yeMegafon. Emva koko iqondo lobushushu kummandla waseMoscow lehla laya kutsho -35 Β°C, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekungaphumeleli kwenkqubo yokupholisa yeziko. Inkonzo yabezindaba yabasebenzi ayizange ithethe ngokuthe ngqo ngezizathu zesehlo - iinkampani zaseRussia ziyathandabuza kakhulu ukuthetha ngeengozi kwiindawo ezinazo; malunga nopapasho, sishiyeka kakhulu ngasemva kweNtshona. Kwakukho inguqulelo ejikelezayo kwiinethiwekhi zentlalo malunga nokukhenkceza kokupholisa kwimibhobho ebekwe ecaleni kwendlela kunye nokuvuza kwe-ethylene glycol. Ngokutsho kwakhe, inkonzo yokusebenza ayikwazanga ukufumana iitoni ezingama-30 zokupholisa ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yeeholide ezinde kwaye yaphuma kusetyenziswa iindlela eziphuculweyo, iququzelela ukupholisa okuphuculweyo okuchasene nemithetho yokusebenza kwenkqubo. Ingqele eqhaqhazelisa amazinyo yayenza mandundu ingxaki - ngoJanuwari, ubusika babetha ngequbuliso eRashiya, nangona kwakungekho mntu wayeyilindele. Ngenxa yoko, abasebenzi kwafuneka bacime umbane kwinxalenye ye-server racks, yingakho ezinye iinkonzo zabaqhubi bezingekho iintsuku ezimbini.
Mhlawumbi, sinokuthetha malunga nokungahambi kakuhle kwemozulu apha, kodwa iqabaka ayisiyonto ingaqhelekanga kwidolophu eyikomkhulu. Amaqondo okushisa ebusika kummandla waseMoscow angahla ukuya kumanqanaba aphantsi, ngoko ke amaziko edatha akhiwe ngokulindela ukusebenza okuzinzile kwi--42 Β° C. Amaxesha amaninzi, iinkqubo zokupholisa ziyasilela kwimozulu ebandayo ngenxa yoxinzelelo olungonelanga lwe-glycols kunye namanzi agqithisileyo kwisisombululo sokupholisa. Kukho iingxaki kunye nokufakwa kwemibhobho okanye kunye ne-miscalculations ekuyilweni kunye nokuvavanya inkqubo, ngokukodwa ehambelana nomnqweno wokulondoloza imali. Ngenxa yoko, kwenzeka ingozi enkulu ngaphandle kwe-blue, ebinokuthintelwa.
Iintlekele zemvelo
Amaxesha amaninzi, iindudumo kunye/okanye iinkanyamba ziphazamisa isiseko sobunjineli beziko ledatha, okukhokelela ekuphazamisekeni kwenkonzo kunye/okanye umonakalo obonakalayo kwizixhobo. Iziganeko ezibangelwa yimozulu embi zenzeka rhoqo. Ngo-2012, iNkanyamba uSandy yatshayela kuNxweme oluseNtshona eUnited States ngenxa yezantyalantyala zemvula. Ifumaneka kwisakhiwo esiphakamileyo e-Lower Manhattan, i-Peer 1 data center , emva kokuba amanzi olwandle anetyuwa ekhukulise amagumbi angaphantsi. Ijenereyitha ezingxamisekileyo zeli ziko zazibekwe kumgangatho we-18, kwaye unikezelo lwazo lwamafutha lwalusikelwe umda-imithetho eyaziswa eNew York emva kohlaselo lwabanqolobi lwe-9/11 luthintela ukugcina ubuninzi bamafutha kumgangatho ongaphezulu.
Impompo yamafutha nayo ayizange iphumelele, ngoko abasebenzi bachitha iintsuku eziliqela berhuqa idizili ngesandla beyisa kwiijenereyitha. Ubuqhawe beqela busindise iziko ledatha kwingozi enkulu, kodwa ngaba kwakuyimfuneko ngokwenene? Siphila kwiplanethi enomoya wenitrogen-oxygen kunye namanzi amaninzi. Iindudumo kunye nezaqhwithi zixhaphakile apha (ingakumbi kwiindawo eziselunxwemeni). Abaqulunqi baya kwenza kakuhle ukuqwalasela imingcipheko ebandakanyekayo kwaye bakhe inkqubo yonikezelo lwamandla olungenakuphazamiseka. Okanye ubuncinci ukhethe indawo efanelekileyo kwiziko ledatha kunokuphakama okuphezulu kwisiqithi.
Yonke into
I-Uptime Institute ichonga iziganeko ezahlukeneyo kolu didi, phakathi apho kunzima ukukhetha eqhelekileyo. Ukubiwa kweentambo zobhedu, iimoto ezintlitheka kumaziko edatha, izixhobo zombane kunye nezikhululo zetransformer, imililo, oomatshini bokugrumba izinto ezibonwa ngamehlo, iimpuku (iimpuku, imivundla kunye neewombats, eziziimarsupials ngokwenene), kwakunye nabo bathanda ukuziqhelanisa nokudubula. iingcingo - imenyu ibanzi . Ukungaphumeleli kwamandla kunokubangela umbane ngokutyalwa kwentsangu ngokungekho mthethweni. Kwiimeko ezininzi, abantu abathile baba netyala lesiganeko, oko kukuthi siphinda sijongane nomcimbi womntu, xa ingxaki inegama kunye nefani. Nangona ekuboneni kokuqala ingozi inxulunyaniswa nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwezobugcisa okanye iintlekele zendalo, kunokuphetshwa ngaphandle kokuba isibonelelo senziwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye siqhutywe ngokuchanekileyo. Okungaphandle kuphela iimeko zomonakalo obalulekileyo kwiziko ledatha yesiseko okanye ukutshatyalaliswa kwezakhiwo kunye nezakhiwo ngenxa yentlekele yendalo. Ezi ziimeko ze-force majeure ngokwenene, kwaye zonke ezinye iingxaki zibangelwa yi-gasket phakathi kwekhompyutheni kunye nesihlalo - mhlawumbi le nxalenye engathembekanga kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo enzima.
umthombo: www.habr.com