Icandelo leenkonzo zonyango ngokuthe ngcembe kodwa ngokukhawuleza lihlengahlengisa itekhnoloji yecomputing yamafu kwindawo yalo. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba iyeza lehlabathi lanamhlanje, ukunamathela kwinjongo ephambili - ukugxila kwisigulane - kuqulunqa imfuneko ephambili yokuphucula umgangatho weenkonzo zonyango kunye nokuphucula iziphumo zeklinikhi (kwaye ke, ukuphucula umgangatho wobomi bomntu othile kunye nokwandisa): ukufikelela ngokukhawuleza kulwazi malunga nesigulane kungakhathaliseki ukuba indawo yakhe kunye nogqirha. Namhlanje, itekhnoloji yelifu kuphela enokubakho okubambekayo okuhlangabezana nale mfuno.
Umzekelo, ukujongana ne-coronavirus yangoku Isantya solwazi olubonelelwe yi-China kwiimeko zezifo kunye neziphumo zophando, ezingenziwanga ngokuncinci ukubulela kwitekhnoloji yolwazi lwangoku, kubandakanywa nelifu, iyanceda. Thelekisa: ukuqinisekisa ubhubhane (oku kuthetha ukufumana kunye nokuhlalutya idatha kwimpilo yabantu, ukufunda intsholongwane kwithuba lexesha) eyabangelwa yi-coronavirus ye-SARS eya e-China ngo-2002 malunga neenyanga ezisibhozo! Ngeli xesha, ulwazi olusemthethweni lwafunyanwa nguMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi ngoko nangoko - phakathi kweentsuku ezisixhenxe. "Kuyasivuyisa ukuqaphela ukuphathwa kakubi kwe-China kwesi sifo ... kubandakanya nokubonelelwa kwedatha kunye neziphumo zolandelelwano lwemfuza yentsholongwane." UMlawuli Jikelele we-WHO uTedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus kwintlanganiso kunye noMongameli waseTshayina uXi Jinping. Makhe sibone ukuba yintoni “amafu” anokuba nawo kwezamayeza kwaye ngoba.
Imiba yedatha yezonyango
▍ Imiqulu
Imithamo emikhulu yedatha, eliyeza elihlala lisebenza ngayo, ngoku liguquka libe likhulu. Oku akubandakanyi kuphela iimbali zonyango, kodwa kunye neqela leenkcukacha zeklinikhi kunye nophando ngokubanzi kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zonyango, kunye nolwazi olutsha lwezonyango olukhula ngokukhawuleza: ixesha eliphindwe kabini lalimalunga neminyaka engama-50 eyadlulayo ngo-1950; yanda yaya kutsho kwiminyaka esi-7 ngowe-1980; Iminyaka eyi-3,5 ibingo-2010 kwaye ngo-2020 kuqikelelwa ukuba iza kuphinda kabini phakathi kweentsuku ezingama-73 (ngoko ).
Nazi ezinye zezizathu zokunyuka kwedatha kwihlabathi jikelele:
- Uphuhliso lwenzululwazi kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ukwanda kwemithamo kunye nokwenza lula iindlela zokupapasha izinto ezintsha zesayensi.
- Ukuhamba kwesigulane kunye neendlela ezintsha zokuqokelela idatha (izixhobo eziphathwayo zokuxilongwa kunye nokubeka iliso njengemithombo emitsha yedatha yamanani).
- Ukonyuka kwexesha lokuphila kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ukwanda kwenani "lezigulane eziguga".
- Ukonyuka kwenani labaguli abancinci abakhangwa kukukhuthazwa kwangoku kwehlabathi kwindlela yokuphila enempilo kunye neyeza lokuthintela (ngaphambili, abantu abatsha baya koogqirha kuphela xa begula ngokwenene).
▍Ubukho
Kwixesha elidlulileyo, oogqirha baye bazama ukusebenzisa imithombo emininzi yolwazi, ukusuka kwiinjini zokukhangela eziqhelekileyo, apho umxholo unokungathembeki, kwiijenali eziprintiweyo kunye neencwadi zethala leencwadi zonyango, ezithatha ixesha lokufumana nokufunda. Ngokuphathelele iimbali zonyango kunye neziphumo zovavanyo lwezigulane kwiiklinikhi zikarhulumente kunye nezibhedlele ezizimeleyo, sonke siyazi ukuba iziko ngalinye lezonyango lisenayo irekhodi yesigulane somzimba, apho oogqirha bafaka ngesandla ulwazi kwaye banamathisele kumaphepha aneziphumo zophando. Ugcino lwamaphepha alukhange lunyamalale nalo. Kwaye loo nxalenye yolwazi lwesigulana erekhodwa ngedijithali igcinwa kwiiseva zendawo ngaphakathi kwishishini lezonyango. Ngoko ke, ukufikelela kule ngcaciso kunokwenzeka kuphela kwindawo (kunye neendleko eziphezulu zokuphunyezwa, inkxaso kunye nokugcinwa kwenkqubo enjalo "yebhokisi").
Indlela itekhnoloji yamafu itshintsha ngayo ukhathalelo lwezempilo lube ngcono
Utshintshiselwano ngolwazi phakathi kweengcali zonyango malunga nesigulane luba lusebenza ngakumbi. Yonke idatha malunga nesigulana ifakwe kweyakhe , egcinwe kwi-server ekude efini: imbali yonyango; Imihla echanekileyo kunye nohlobo lokulimala, ukubonakaliswa kwezifo kunye nokugonywa (kwaye kungekhona ukudideka kumagama esigulana avela kwiminyaka edlulileyo-ebaluleke kakhulu ekuxilongweni, ukuxilonga unyango, ukuxela kwangaphambili umngcipheko wezifo kwinzala); imifanekiso eyahlukeneyo (i-x-ray, i-CT, i-MRI, iifoto, njl.); iziphumo zovavanyo; i-cardiograms; ulwazi malunga namayeza; ukurekhodwa kwevidiyo yongenelelo lotyando kunye naluphi na olunye ulwazi lweklinikhi kunye nolawulo. Ukufikelela kule datha yobuqu, ekhuselweyo inikwa oogqirha abagunyazisiweyo kwiiklinikhi ezahlukeneyo. Oku kukuvumela ukuba ukwandise ukuhamba komsebenzi weklinikhi, wenze uxilongo oluchanekileyo kunye nolukhawulezayo, kwaye ucwangcise ngokuchanekileyo kwaye, ngokubalulekileyo, unyango olungexesha.
Ingxelo yonyango yombane
Utshintshiselwano olukhawulezileyo lolwazi phakathi kwemibutho eyahlukeneyo yezempilo lunokwenzeka. Oku kukunxibelelana kweebhubhoratri zophando, iinkampani zamachiza kunye namaziko ahlukeneyo onyango (ubukho bamachiza), kunye nezibhedlele ezineekliniki.
Ukuchaneka (umntu) iyeza lothintelo liyavela. Ngokukodwa, ngoncedo lwetekhnoloji yobukrelekrele bokwenziwa, obungenakusetyenziswa kumaziko amaninzi ezonyango ngenxa yobuninzi bezibonelelo zeemfuno zabo zekhompyuter, nakwilifu - .
Ukuzenzekelayo kwenkqubo yonyango kunciphisa ixesha elichithwe kuyo. Iirekhodi zonyango lwe-elektroniki kunye , umgca we-elektroniki kunye nokwamkelwa okude kweziphumo zovavanyo, inkqubo ye-inshurensi ye-elektroniki yentlalontle kunye nogcino lwezonyango, и - konke oku kuvumela abasebenzi bezonyango ukuba bakhululwe kumaphepha kunye neminye imisebenzi yesiqhelo ukuze bakwazi ukunikela ixesha elininzi lokusebenza ngokuthe ngqo kwingxaki yesigulana.
Kukho ithuba lokonga kakhulu kwiziseko ezingundoqo, kude kufikelele kwinqanaba lokungatyali mali kuyo kwaphela. Iziseko zoncedo-njengenkonzo (i-IaaS) kunye neemodeli zesoftware-njengenkonzo (i-SaaS) ezibonelelwa ngababoneleli ngenkonzo yelifu zikuvumela ukuba uthabathele indawo ukuthengwa kwesoftware ebiza kakhulu kunye notyalo-mali olukhulu kwiziseko ezingundoqo zeziko lezonyango ngokurenta ezi. iimodeli kunye nokufikelela kuzo nge-Intanethi. Ngaphezu koko, kuphela ezo zixhobo zeseva ezisetyenziswa ngokwenene ngumbutho zihlawulwa, kwaye ukuba kuyimfuneko, inokunyusa umthamo okanye umthamo wokugcina. Ukusetyenziswa kweetekhnoloji zamafu kunye nenkxaso yobugcisa evela kumnikezeli wenkonzo yefu ivumela amashishini ezonyango ukuba asindise kakhulu kwiindleko zabasebenzi be-IT, kuba akukho mfuneko yokugcina iziseko zabo zokugcina idatha.
Ukhuseleko lufikelela kwinqanaba elitsha. Ukunyamezela impazamo, ukubuyiswa kwedatha, ukugcinwa kwemfihlo kuye kwaba ngumbulelo onokwenzeka kwiiteknoloji ezahlukeneyo (i-backup, i-encryption ekupheleni kokuphela, ukubuyiswa kweentlekele, njl.), leyo kunye nendlela yendabuko ifuna iindleko ezinkulu (kubandakanywa neendleko zokulungisa iimpazamo zabasebenzi abangakwaziyo le ndawo ye-IT) okanye ayinakwenzeka ngokupheleleyo, kwaye nini zifakwe kwiphakheji yeenkonzo ezivela kumnikezeli (apho imiba yokhuseleko ijongwa ngabasebenzi abaqinisekisayo, umgangatho wokhuseleko ophezulu).
Kuyenzeka ukuba ufumane iingcebiso ezikumgangatho ophezulu ngaphandle kokushiya ikhaya: i-telemedicine. Uthethwano olukude olusekwe kwidatha yesigulane ye-elektroniki egcinwe kwilifu sele ibonakala. Ngolwamkelo olwandayo lwecomputing yamafu kukhathalelo lwezempilo, ukubonisana ngomnxeba kulindeleke ukuba kube likamva loshishino lwezonyango. Imarike ye-telemedicine ikhule kakhulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Ukusukela ngo-2015, imarike yetelemedicine yehlabathi ibixabisa i-18 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kwaye kulindeleke ukuba ibe ngaphezulu kwe-2021 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-41. Izinto ezininzi zibe negalelo ekukhuleni kwemarike, kubandakanya ukunyuka kweendleko zeenkonzo zonyango zemveli, inkxaso-mali ye-telemedicine, kunye nokwanda kokwamkelwa kokhathalelo lwempilo lwedijithali. I-Telemedicine ibaluleke kakhulu kubantu abakhubazekileyo, kwaye inciphisa kakhulu umthwalo kumaziko onyango kunye neekliniki. Ngelo xesha, akukho mntu unokukhansela ugqirha "ophilayo": umzekelo, izicelo ezifana nenkonzo yefu yaseBrithani , esebenza ngesiseko se-AI (malunga nezantsi apha), unako ukubuza isigulane malunga nezikhalazo zakhe, ukuhlalutya iziphumo zovavanyo kunye nokwenza iingcebiso (kubandakanywa neyiphi ingcali, nini kunye neyiphi imibuzo yokutyelela).
Ubungakanani bemakethi ye-telemedicine yehlabathi ukusuka ku-2015 ukuya ku-2021 (ngeebhiliyoni zeedola)
Izigqibo zonyango ekwabelwana ngazo ngokungxamisekileyo ziba yinyani. Impumelelo enkulu kutyando lotyando ibe yinkomfa yevidiyo yexesha lokwenyani kusetyenziswa usetyenziso oluphathwayo. Kunzima ukugqithisa ithuba lokubonisana noogqirha abanamandla kwimeko yongxamiseko ngexesha lokusebenza, kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi. Kwakhona kunzima ukucinga ukubonisana okungaphazanyiswa ngaphandle kwezixhobo zobuchwepheshe befu.
Uhlalutyo luchaneka ngakumbi. Ukukwazi ukudibanisa amakhadi e-elektroniki kunye nogcino lweenkcukacha zesigulane kunye neenkqubo zokuhlalutya ezisekelwe kwifu zikuvumela ukuba ukwandise inani kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wezifundo. Oku kungxamisekile ngokukodwa kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo ze-biomedical, ngokukodwa kwinkalo yophando lwemfuza, ehlala inzima ukuyiqhuba ngokuchanekileyo ngenxa yokungakwazi ukuqokelela umfanekiso opheleleyo kunye ochanekileyo wembali yobomi besigulane kunye nezihlobo zakhe.
Iindlela ezintsha zokuxilonga ziyavela. Ukuphuhlisa itekhnoloji yobukrelekrele bokwenziwa buyakwazi ukuxilonga izifo ngokuqokelela kunye nokulungelelanisa kungekuphela nje idatha esasazekileyo evela kwimbali yezonyango yomguli, kodwa nokuthelekisa olu lwazi kunye nomthamo omkhulu womsebenzi wesayensi, ukwenza izigqibo ngexesha elifutshane kakhulu. Ewe, inkqubo ihlalutye idatha yesigulane kunye ne-20 yezigidi zamaphepha enzululwazi avela kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo ye-oncology kwaye yenza ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo kwesigulane kwimizuzu eyi-10, inikezela ngeendlela zonyango ezinokuthi zenziwe, zibekwe kwinqanaba lokuthembeka kunye nokuqinisekiswa kwedatha yeklinikhi. Unokufunda malunga nenkqubo , и . Isebenza ngendlela efanayo ukusuka kuGoogle. funda malunga nendlela i-AI inceda ngayo oogqirha, ngokukodwa i-radiologists, abajongene nengxaki yokufunda ngokuchanekileyo imifanekiso ye-X-ray, ekhokelela ekuxilongeni okungalunganga kwaye, ngokufanelekileyo, emva kwexesha okanye akukho unyango. A - I-AI eyenza ukubonwa kwemifanekiso yeepulmonologists. Oku kubandakanya ukubeka iliso kwesigulane: umzekelo, inkqubo yaseMelika esekelwe kwi-AI ibeka iliso kwimeko yezigulane (okanye izigulane ezingapheliyo) ezichachayo emva konyango olunzima, uqokelela ulwazi, oluthi ke lugqithiselwe kugqirha ohambayo, lunika iingcebiso ezithile, lubakhumbuza ukuba bathathe amayeza kunye nemfuneko yokwenza inkqubo efunekayo. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-AI kule nqanaba lokuxilongwa kunye nokubeka iliso kwizifo kuye kwenzeka ngokusekelwe kumandla ekhompyutheni yefu.
I-Intanethi yeZinto iyaphuhla, izixhobo zonyango ezihlakaniphile ziyavela. Abasetyenziswanga kuphela ngabasebenzisi ngokwabo (kwabo), kodwa nangoogqirha, bafumana ulwazi malunga nesimo sempilo yezigulane zabo kwiifowuni eziphathwayo zisebenzisa iteknoloji yefu.
Amathuba amaqonga ezonyango kwi-intanethi
▍Amava angaphandle
Enye yeeplatifomu zedatha yeklinikhi yokhathalelo lwempilo lokuqala, yayiliqonga leshishini lezempilo elenzelwe ukukhupha kunye nokubonisa ulwazi lwesigulane kwimithombo emininzi, kubandakanywa amaxwebhu askeniweyo (i-cardiograms, i-CT scans, njl. njl.) kunye neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokucinga zonyango, iziphumo zebhubhoratri, unyango. Iingxelo, utyando, kunye nenani labantu abaguli kunye nolwazi loqhagamshelwano. Yaphuhliswa nguMicrosoft enegama elithi Microsoft Amalga Unified Intelligence System. Iqonga laphuhliswa ekuqaleni njenge-Azyxxi ngoogqirha kunye nabaphandi kwisebe likaxakeka leZiko leSibhedlele saseWashington ngo-1996. Ukusukela ngoFebruwari 2013, uMicrosoft Amalga wayeyinxalenye yeqela leemveliso ezinxulumene nempilo ezidityaniswe kwindibaniselwano. ebizwa ngokuba yiCardigm. Ekuqaleni kuka-2016, iMicrosoft yathengisa indima yayo kwiCaradigm kwiGE.
I-Amalga isetyenziselwe ukudibanisa iinkqubo ezininzi zonyango ezihlukeneyo zisebenzisa uluhlu olubanzi lweentlobo zedatha ukubonelela ngokukhawuleza, i-portrait edibeneyo edibeneyo yembali yonyango yesigulane. Onke amacandelo e-Amalga adityaniswe kusetyenziswa isoftware evumela ukudalwa kweendlela eziqhelekileyo kunye nezixhobo zokunxibelelana nesoftware eninzi kunye neenkqubo zehardware ezifakwe kwizibhedlele. Ugqirha osebenzisa i-Amalga unokuthi, kwimizuzwana nje embalwa, afumane idatha yemeko yesibhedlele edlulileyo nekhoyo ngoku, amayeza kunye noluhlu lokungalungelani komzimba nezinto ezithile, iimvavanyo zaselabhoratri, kunye nophononongo lweeX-reyi ezifanelekileyo, ii-CT scans, kunye neminye imifanekiso, ecwangciswe ngendlela enye enokwenziwa ukuze kuqaqambise eyona mifanekiso ibalulekileyo. ulwazi olubalulekileyo kwesi sigulana.
Microsoft Amalga Unified Intelligence System
Namhlanje, iCaradigm USA LLC yinkampani yohlalutyo lwempilo yabemi ebonelela ngolawulo lwezempilo lwabemi, kubandakanya ukubekwa esweni kwedatha, ulungelelwaniso lokhathalelo lwesigulana kunye nolawulo, iinkonzo zempilo kunye neenkonzo zokubandakanya isigulana kwihlabathi liphela. Inkampani isebenzisa iqonga ledatha yeklinikhi , esisizukulwana esilandelayo se-Caradigm Intelligence Platform (eyayibizwa ngokuba yiMicrosoft Amalga Health Information System). I-platform yedatha yeklinikhi izalisekisa i-asethi yedatha ekhoyo, kubandakanywa i-archives yeklinikhi kunye neenkqubo zerekhodi zezempilo ze-elektroniki. Inkqubo ibandakanya indawo enzima yokufumana kunye nokucubungula idatha engacwangciswanga kunye namaxwebhu eklinikhi, imifanekiso kunye nedatha ye-genomics.
▍Amava aseRashiya
Iinkqubo zonyango lwamafu kunye neenkonzo ze-intanethi ziya zivela ngakumbi kwimarike yaseRashiya. Ezinye ngamaqonga athatha yonke imisebenzi yolawulo yeekliniki zabucala, ezinye zisebenza ngokuzenzekelayo kwiilebhu zonyango, kwaye ezinye zibonelela ngolwazi lwe-elektroniki ngokusebenzisana phakathi kwamaziko ezonyango kunye nee-arhente zikarhulumente kunye neenkampani ze-inshurensi. Makhe sinike imizekelo embalwa.
-Iqonga le-automation yeklinikhi: ukuqeshwa kwe-intanethi kunye noogqirha, i-automation yerejistri kunye nendawo yokusebenzela kagqirha, amakhadi e-elektroniki, ukuxilongwa okude, ingxelo yolawulo, irejista yemali kunye nemali, ukubalwa kwe-warehouse accounting.
- inkqubo , ukuvumela izigulane ukuba zihlole ukulungela iimvavanyo ngokucofa kabini kwaye zifumane iziphumo zebhubhoratri nangaliphi na ixesha lemini kwaye naphi na kwihlabathi.
Iyeza lombane yinkampani ephuhlisa isoftware yemibutho yezonyango, iikhemesti, i-inshurensi yonyango, i-inshurensi yezempilo: Uqoqosho kunye nokubalwa kweenkcukacha-manani kwiiklinikhi, izibhedlele, ukudityaniswa kweenkqubo zeradiological kunye nelebhu kunye neenkonzo zomdibaniso, ubhaliso lwe-elektroniki, ukubalwa kwamayeza, ilabhoratri, unyango lwe-elektroniki. iirekhodi ().
- inkqubo yokuzenzekelayo kwizibonelelo zonyango zorhwebo kuyo nayiphi na iphrofayili ngaphandle kwezibhedlele: iikliniki eziqhelekileyo; iiofisi zamazinyo, apho kukho ujongano olukhethekileyo kunye neendawo zokusebenza ezahlukeneyo; amasebe kaxakeka ngokurekhodwa kweefowuni kunye nokurekhoda kweeparamitha ezahlukeneyo kunye nokugcina iigrafu.
yinkampani egxile ekuphuhliseni nasekufakeni iinkqubo zolwazi ezintsonkothileyo kumaziko ezempilo. Nikela ngeqonga letekhnoloji ukwenzela uphuhliso olukhawulezileyo lwezicelo zonyango.
- inkqubo yolawulo lwekliniki yabucala esekelwe kubuchwephesha befu: ukubhaliswa kwe-intanethi, i-IP telephony, isiseko somthengi, ukubalwa kwezinto eziphathekayo, ulawulo lwezemali, iidayari zokuqeshwa, ukucwangciswa kwonyango, ulawulo lwabasebenzi.
isiphelo
Impilo yedijithali isebenzisa ulwazi lwamva nje kunye nobuchwepheshe bonxibelelwano ukuphuhlisa nokuxhasa iindlela zokhathalelo lwezempilo olukhawulezayo, olusebenzayo noluneendleko ezifanelekileyo. Olu tshintsho lwetekhnoloji yokhathalelo lwempilo lube yinto yehlabathi jikelele. Iinjongo eziphambili apha zezi: ukwandisa ukufikeleleka, induduzo kunye nomgangatho wokunakekelwa kwezonyango kubantu emhlabeni jikelele; ukuxilongwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo; uhlalutyo olunzulu lwezonyango; ukukhulula oogqirha kwisiqhelo. Ukusombulula ezi ngxaki ngoncedo lobuchwephesha obuphezulu ngoku kunokwenzeka kuphela ngokusebenzisa ulwabiwo lwamandla amakhulu ekhompyuter kunye nenkxaso yobugcisa yeengcali ze-IT, eziye zafumaneka kwimibutho yaso nasiphi na isikali kunye necandelo leyeza kuphela .
Siya kuvuya ukuba eli nqaku beliluncedo. Ukuba unamava afanelekileyo usebenzisa impilo yedijithali, yabelana ngayo kumazwana. Yabelana ngamava angalunganga kwakhona, kuba kuyafaneleka ukuthetha malunga noko kufuneka kuphuculwe kule ndawo.
umthombo: www.habr.com