Kubonakala ngathi uHomer kunye nemibongo yakhe yinto ekude, yakudala, enzima ukuyifunda kwaye ayinalwazi. Kodwa akunjalo. Sonke sigxininiswe kuHomer, inkcubeko yamandulo yamaGrike apho yonke iYurophu yavela khona: ulwimi lwethu luzaliswe ngamagama kunye neengcaphuno ezivela kuncwadi lwamandulo lwesiGrike: thatha ubuncinane amabinzana anjengokuthi "ukuhleka kweHomeric", "imfazwe yoothixo", " Achilles isithende", "apile yokungavisisani" kunye nemveli yethu: "Trojan horse". Konke kuvela kuHomer. Kwaye impembelelo yenkcubeko yamaGrike, ulwimi lwamaGreki (amaGrike ayengazi igama elithi "Greece" kwaye akazange abize ukuba, eli gama le-ethnonym lafika kuthi livela kumaRoma) lingaphandle kombuzo. Isikolo, i-academy, i-gymnasium, ifilosofi, i-physics (i-metaphysics) kunye nezibalo, iteknoloji ... ikwayala, iqonga, isiginci, umlamli - awukwazi ukudwelisa yonke into - onke la magama esiGrike amandulo. Ubungazi?
...
Kwaye kuthiwa amaGrike ayengawokuqala ukwenza imali ngohlobo lweengqekembe ezenziweyo ... Ialfabhethi njengoko sisazi. Imali yokuqala yenziwa kwi-alloy yendalo yesilivere negolide, abayibiza ngokuba yi-electr (hello kwimali ye-elektroniki). I-alfabhethi enezikhamiso kwaye, ngoko ke, ukuhanjiswa kwazo zonke izandi zegama xa kubhalwa ngokungathandabuzekiyo kuyimveliso yesiGrike, nangona abaninzi becinga ukuba ngabaseki bamaFenike anomdla (abantu baseSemite ababehlala kakhulu kwintsimi yeSiriya yanamhlanje kunye noSirayeli) , owayengenazo izikhamiso. Okubangela umdla kukuba, ialfabhethi yesiLatini yavela ngokuthe ngqo kwisiGrike, njengeSlavic. Kodwa iialfabhethi zamva zamazwe aseNtshona Yurophu sele ziphuma kwisiLatini. Ngale ndlela, isiCyrillic sethu sikwindawo enye nesiLatini...
Kwaye singakanani isiGrike kwisayensi, uncwadi? Iambic, trochee, muse, lyre, isihobe, isitanza, Pegasus kunye Parnassus. Igama elithi "imbongi", "isihobe", ekugqibeleni - zonke zibonakala zivela phi. Awukwazi ukudwelisa zonke! Kodwa isihloko sesicatshulwa sam sibhengeza i-pathos (igama lesiGrike lamandulo) "lokufumanisa" kwam. Ke ngoko, ndiya kubamba amahashe am kwaye ndiqhubele phambili, nditsho ukuba umthombo wokuqala ovulekileyo (makube njalo, ndiya kongeza) kunye ne-git yavela kude kwixesha elidlulileyo: kwiGrisi yamandulo (ngokuchanekileyo, kwiGrisi yakudala) kwaye oyena mmeli ubalaseleyo kwesi siganeko nguHomer owaziwayo omkhulu.
Ewe, isingeniso senziwe, ngoku malunga nayo yonke into ngokulandelelana. Ukuziphendulela: Ndiya kunika iintsingiselo zangaphambili zamagama esiGrike angasentla kwizihloko ekupheleni kwesicatshulwa (zingalindelekanga kwiindawo) - oku kwabo bafunda lo mbhalo ukuya ekupheleni. Ngoko masihambe!
UHomer.
Kuqhelekile ukuba umhla imibongo kaHomer omkhulu ukususela ekupheleni kwe-3 ukuya ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yesi-XNUMX BC, nangona ezi zibhalo ngokucacileyo zaqala ukuvela ngokukhawuleza emva kweziganeko ezichazwe kuzo, oko kukuthi, kwindawo ethile ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX BC. . Ngamanye amazwi, bamalunga nama-XNUMX amawaka eminyaka ubudala. UHomer uzukiswa ngokuthe ngqo kwi-Iliad kunye ne-Odyssey, iiHomeric Hymns kunye nenani leminye imisebenzi, efana nemibongo kaMargit kunye neBatrachomyomachia (imifanekiso ehlekisayo ye-Iliad, eguqulela ngokuthe ngqo ngokuthi "iMfazwe yeempuku kunye namasele" (i-machia). - ukulwa, ukuvuthela, ukuphosa - impuku). Ngokutsho kwezazinzulu, kuphela imisebenzi emibini yokuqala yekaHomer, abanye, njengabanye abaninzi, kuthiwa kuye (kutheni ndiza kuxelela ngezantsi), ngokutsho kwabanye, kuphela i-Iliad. ukuya kuHomer ... ngokubanzi , iingxabano ziyaqhubeka, kodwa into enye iqinisekile - uHomer ngokuqinisekileyo wayekho kwaye iziganeko azichaza kwiindonga zeTroy zenzeke (igama lesibini lesixeko yi-Ilion, ngoko ke "Iliad")
Sikwazi njani oku? Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, uHeinrich Schliemann, umJamani owenza ubutyebi eRashiya, waqonda iphupha lakhe lobuntwana: wafumana waza watyhila iTroy kwintsimi yeTurkey yanamhlanje, eguqulela ngokoqobo zonke iingcamango zangaphambili malunga naloo maxesha kunye nemibhalo. ngalo mxholo. Ngaphambili kwakukholelwa ukuba iziganeko zeTrojan ezaqala ngokubhabha kukaHelen omhle kunye neTrojan prince Paris (Alexander) ukuya eTroy zonke ziyintsomi, kuba namaGrike amandulo iziganeko ezichazwe kwimibongo zazithathwa njengezakudala. Nangona kunjalo, yayingezizo nje iindonga zaseTroy ezigrunjiweyo kwaye kwafunyanwa ubucwebe begolide obudala belo xesha (zikwindawo yoluntu kwiGalari yeTretyakov), kamva amacwecwe odongwe olona lizwe lakudala lamaHeti, ummelwane waseTroy, afunyanwa. apho kwafunyanwa amagama adumileyo: uAgamemnon, uMeneus, uAlexander ... Ngoko ke abalinganiswa boncwadi baba yimbali njengoko la macwecwe abonisa ubunyani bezozakuzo kunye nemali yelizwe elalinamandla lamaHeti. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, kungekhona kwi-Troad ngokwayo, okanye kwi-Hellas (iyinto ehlekisayo, kodwa eli gama lalingekho kulawo maxesha akude) kwakungekho mbhalo ngelo xesha. Yile nto enike amandla kuphuhliso lwesihloko sethu, ngokungaqhelekanga ngokwaneleyo.
Ngoko uHomer. UHomer wayeyi-ed - oko kukuthi, imvumi ejikelezayo yeengoma zakhe (u-aed - imvumi). Indawo awazalelwa kuyo nendlela awafa ngayo akwaziwa ngokuqinisekileyo. Kuquka ngenxa yokuba izixeko ezingekho ngaphantsi kwesixhenxe kumacala omabini oLwandle lweAegean zalwela ilungelo lokubizwa ngokuba lilizwe likaHomer, kwanendawo awafela kuyo kumaxesha amandulo: iSmirna, iKios, iPylos, iSamos, iAthene nezinye. UHomer eneneni ayilogama elifanelekileyo, kodwa isiteketiso. Kuthetha ukususela kumaxesha amandulo into efana ne "hostage". Kucingelwa ukuba, igama awalinikwayo ekuzalweni kwakhe yayinguMelesigen, oku kuthetha ukuba wazalwa nguMelesius, kodwa oku akuqinisekanga. Kumaxesha amandulo, uHomer wayedla ngokubizwa ngolu hlobo: Imbongi (Imbongi). Yayinonobumba omkhulu, owawuboniswa linqaku elihambelanayo. Kwaye wonke umntu wayesazi ukuba bathetha ngantoni. Iimbongi - lithetha "umdali" - lelinye igama lesiGrike lakudala kwi-piggy bank yethu.
Ngokuqhelekileyo kuyamkelwa ukuba uHomer (uOmir ngesiRashiya esidala) wayeyimfama kwaye emdala, kodwa akukho bungqina boku. UHomer ngokwakhe akazange azichaze nangayiphi na indlela kwiingoma zakhe, yaye akachazwa nangabantu bexesha eliqhelekileyo (ngokomzekelo, imbongi uHesiod). Ngeendlela ezininzi, le ngcamango isekelwe kwinkcazo yee-Aeds kwi-Odyssey yakhe: abadala, abangaboniyo, abakhulileyo abaneenwele ezingwevu kwiminyaka yabo yokuncipha, kunye nokuhamba okubanzi kweemfama zelo xesha kwiimvumi ezibhadulayo, ekubeni umntu ongaboniyo akakwazi ukusebenza, kwaye ke pension ayiqanjwanga.
Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, amaGrike ayengenalo ulwimi olubhaliweyo ngaloo mihla, yaye ukuba sicinga ukuba inkoliso yee-Aed yayiyimfama okanye yayiyimfama (iiglasi azikayilwa), ngoko babengayi kufuna, ngoko ke, uAed wacula. iingoma zakhe zisuka kwinkumbulo kuphela .
Kwakubonakala kunje. Umdala ojikelezayo yedwa okanye kunye nomfundi (isikhokelo) wafuduka ukusuka kwesinye isixeko ukuya kwesinye, apho wamkelwa ngokufudumeleyo ngabantu basekuhlaleni: ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukumkani ngokwakhe (i-basil) okanye i-aristocrat ecebileyo kumakhaya abo. Ngokuhlwa, kwisidlo esiqhelekileyo okanye kwisiganeko esikhethekileyo - i-symposia (i-symposium - umthendeleko, utywala, itheko), i-aed yaqala ukucula iingoma zayo kwaye yenza oku kude kube sebusuku. Wavuma ingoma ephelekwa ifomingo eneentambo ezine (umazala wohadi necithara yamva), ecula ngoothixo nobomi babo, ngamagorha nezenzo, ngookumkani bamandulo neziganeko ezinxulumene ngokuthe ngqo nabaphulaphuli, kuba bonke ngokuqinisekileyo baya kucula. bazigqala beyinzala ngokuthe ngqo yabo bakhankanywe kwezi ngoma. Kwaye zazininzi iingoma ezinjalo. "I-Iliad" kunye ne "Odyssey" yehla kuthi ngokupheleleyo, kodwa kuyaziwa ukuba kuphela malunga neziganeko eTroy kwakukho umjikelezo we-epic (umjikelo ngokombono wethu, amaGrike ayengenalo ileta "c" , kodwa kuthi amagama amaninzi esiGrike athi cycle, cycle, cynic ayebhalwe ngendlela yesiLatini: cycle, cyclops, cynic) evela kwimibongo engaphezu kwe-12. Unokumangaliswa, mfundi, kodwa kwi-Iliad akukho nkcazo ye "Trojan horse", inkondlo iphela ngaphambi kokuwa kwe-Ilion. Sifunda ngehashe "kwi-Odyssey" kunye nezinye izibongo zomjikelezo weTrojan, ngokukodwa kwinkondlo ethi "Ukufa kwe-Ilion" ngu-Arktin. Konke oku kunomdla kakhulu, kodwa kusisusa kwisihloko, ngoko ke ndithetha ngayo ngokudlulayo.
Ewe, i-Iliad siyibiza ngokuba ngumbongo, kodwa yayiyingoma (nanamhla izahluko zayo zisabizwa ngokuba ziingoma). U-Aed akazange afunde, kodwa wacula ngokuzingisileyo kwizandi zeentambo ezivela emithanjeni yenkomo, esebenzisa ithambo elicikizekileyo - i-plectrum njengomlamli (omnye molo wamandulo), kunye nabaphulaphuli abanomdla, besazi inkcazo yeziganeko ezichazwe, banandipha iinkcukacha.
I-Iliad kunye ne-Odyssey yimibongo emikhulu kakhulu. Ngaphezulu kwe-15 lamawaka kunye nemigca ye-12 yamawaka, ngokulandelanayo. Kwaye ke bacula iingokuhlwa ezininzi. Yayifana kakhulu neenkqubo zikamabonwakude zanamhlanje. Ngokuhlwa, abaphulaphuli baphinda bahlanganisana bejikeleze i-aed kunye nokuphefumula, kwaye kwiindawo ezineenyembezi kunye nokuhleka baphulaphule ukuqhubeka kwamabali aculwa izolo. Okukhona lude kwaye lunika umdla ngakumbi uthotho, kokukhona abantu behleli bencamathele kulo. Ngoko abakwaAed babehlala baze bondle nabaphulaphuli babo ngoxa babephulaphule iingoma zabo ezinde.
» Umqokeleli wamafu uZeus Kronid, inkosi phezu kwabo bonke, watshisa amathanga akhe,
Kwaye ke abona bazizityebi bahlala phantsi emthendelekweni ... kwaye banandipha.
Imvumi yobuthixo yacula phantsi kwenkqubo ethi, Demodok, ehlonelwa ngabantu bonke. "
UHomer. "Odyssey"
Ke, lixesha lokuba uye ngqo kwinqanaba. Sinobugcisa be-Aeds, ii-Aeds ngokwazo, iingoma ezinde kakhulu zemibongo kunye nokungabikho kokubhala. Yehla njani le mibongo kuthi ukusuka kwinkulungwane ye-XNUMX BC?
Kodwa okokuqala, enye ingcaciso ebaluleke ngakumbi. Sithi “imibongo” kuba umbhalo wabo ubumbongi, ubumbongi (ivesi lelinye igama lesiGrike lamandulo elithetha “inkqubo”
Ngokutsho kombhali-mbali wamandulo, i-academician ye-Academy yaseRashiya yeSayensi u-Igor Evgenievich Surikov: izibongo zikhunjulwa ngcono kwaye zidluliselwe kwisizukulwana ukuya kwesinye. “Zama ukunkqaya iprozi, ngakumbi isiqwenga esikhulu, kunye nesihobe - ukuze ndikwazi ukuvelisa kwakhona inani lemibongo endiyifunde esikolweni,” usixelele. Kwaye yinyani. Ngamnye wethu ukhumbula ubuncinci imigca embalwa yemibongo (kunye nezibongo) kwaye abantu abambalwa bakhumbula ubuncinane umhlathi opheleleyo othathwe kwiprozi.
AmaGrike amandulo akazange asebenzise rhyme, nangona ayeyazi. Isiseko sombongo yayisisingqisho, apho ukutshintshwa okuthile kwamalungu amade namade kwakha iimitha zemibongo: iambic, trochee, dactyl, amphibrachs kunye nabanye (olu luhlu oluphantse luphelele lweemitha zemibongo kwimibongo yanamhlanje). AmaGrike alo bukhulu ayeneentlobo ezininzi. Babesazi isicengcelezo kodwa babengasisebenzisi. Kodwa iindidi zesingqisho zikwanika iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeendlela: i-troche, i-sponde, ivesi ye-sapphic, i-alcaean stanza kwaye, ngokuqinisekileyo, i-hexameter eyaziwayo. Isayizi endiyithandayo yi-iambic trimeter. (isiqhulo) Imitha ithetha umlinganiselo. Elinye igama kwingqokelela yethu.
Ihexameter yayiyimitha yamaculo (himnos - umthandazo oya koothixo) kunye nemibongo edumileyo efana nekaHomer. Unokuthetha ngayo ixesha elide, ndiya kuthi kuphela ukuba abaninzi, kwaye kamva, kuquka iimbongi zaseRoma, babhala kwi-hexameter, umzekelo, uVirgil kwi-Aeneid yakhe, umbongo wokuxelisa we-Odyssey, apho umlinganiswa oyintloko uAeneas. babaleka kwiTroy etshatyalalisiwe ukuya kwikhaya labo elitsha, eItali.
Wayimilambo, yaba krakra ngenxa yePelidi, eyomeleleyo intliziyo yakhe
Kwiintsiba zeqhawe, ezinoboya phakathi kwezi zibini, iingcamango zaphazamiseka:
Okanye, ngokukhawuleza ukhupha ikrele elibukhali kwilungu lobufazi,
Bachithachitheni abo bamhlangabezayo, bayibulale iNkosi uAtridi;
Okanye ukuthoba uburhalarhume, ukunqanda umphefumlo ocinezelekileyo ... "
UHomer. "Iliad" (iguqulelwe nguGnedich)
Njengoko kubonakala ngathi sele nditshilo, ii-Aeds ngokwazo zaqala ukucula iziganeko zeMfazwe yeTrojan ngokukhawuleza emva kokugqitywa kwayo. Ngoko kwi "Odyssey" umlingiswa wesihloko, ekude nekhaya, ngomnyaka weshumi wokuzulazula, uva ingoma ye-Aeda malunga naye kwaye uqala ukukhala, efihla iinyembezi zakhe kuwo wonke umntu phantsi kwengubo yakhe.
Ngoko ke, kwavela ukuba iingoma zavela ngenkulungwane XIII, uHomer wacula yakhe "Iliad" ngenkulungwane VIII. Umbhalo wayo we-canonical wabhalwa kwiminyaka engama-200 kamva, ngenkulungwane yesi-XNUMX BC eAthene phantsi kozwilakhe uPeisistratus. Ezi zibhalo zabakho njani kwaye zehla njani kuthi? Kwaye impendulo yile: I-aed nganye elandelayo iguqule ikhowudi yemvelaphi yababhali bangaphambili, kwaye yayihlala ifolokhwe iingoma zabanye abantu, kwaye yenza oko njengento eqhelekileyo, kuba oku kwakuqwalaselwa njengesiqhelo. I-copyright ngezo ntsuku yayingekho kuphela, ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwaye kamva, ngokufika kokubhalwa, "i-copyright in reverse" yayisebenza: xa umbhali omncinci owaziwayo esayine imisebenzi yakhe ngegama elikhulu, ngenxa yokuba akazange ngaphandle kwesizathu. wayekholelwa ukuba oku kuya kuqinisekisa impumelelo yomsebenzi wakhe.
IGit yayisetyenziswa ngabafundi kunye nabaphulaphuli be-Aeds, abathi kamva baba ziimvumi, kunye nokhuphiswano lwe-Aed, olwaluqhutywa ngamaxesha athile nalapho babenokuvana. Ngoko, ngokomzekelo, kwakukho uluvo lokuba bakuba uHomer noHesiod bafikelele kumdlalo wokugqibela weembongi nokuba, ngokutsho kweejaji ezininzi, ngendlela engaqhelekanga, uHesiod waphumelela kwindawo yokuqala. (kutheni ndishiya apha)
Umsebenzi ngamnye wengoma yakhe ye-Aed yayingeyosenzo sokwenza kuphela, kodwa kwakhona isenzo sokuyila: rhoqo xa eqamba ingoma yakhe, njengokuba kunjalo, ukusuka kuluhlu olupheleleyo lweebhloko kunye namabinzana asele elungisiwe - iifomyula, kunye nesixa esithile. yokuphucula kunye nokuboleka, ukupolisha kunye nokutshintsha iziqwenga ze "code" "on the fly". Kwangaxeshanye, ekubeni iziganeko kunye nabantu zaziwa kakuhle kubaphulaphuli, wakwenza oku ngokusekelwe “kondoqo” ethile yaye, okona kubalulekileyo, ulwimi lwembongo ekhethekileyo - ulwimi lwenkqubo, njengoko siza kuthetha ngoku. Khawucinge nje ukuba kubonakala njani njengekhowudi yanamhlanje: iinguqu zentshayelelo, iibhloko zeemeko kunye neelophu, iziganeko, iifomyula, kwaye konke oku kulwimi olukhethekileyo olwahlukileyo kulwimi oluthethwayo! Ukulandela isiyelelane kwakungqongqo kakhulu kwaye emva kweenkulungwane ezahlukeneyo iincwadi zemibongo zabhalwa ngeziyelelane zazo ezikhethekileyo (Ionian, Aeolian, Dorian), kungakhathaliseki ukuba umbhali uvela phi! Ukulandela nje iimfuno ze "code"!
Ngaloo ndlela, ekubolekeni omnye komnye, kwavela umbhalo wemibhalo engcwele. Ngokucacileyo, uHomer ngokwakhe waboleka, kodwa ngokungafaniyo nabo batshona ekulibaleni (uLeta ngomnye wemilambo yobukumkani obuphantsi komhlaba beHadesi, esongela ukulibala), wakwenza ngobuchule, equlunqa ingoma enye kwabaninzi, eyenza iphelele, iqaqambe, ibe nentelekelelo. kunye nokungagqithiswanga kwifomu kunye nokhetho lomxholo. Ngaphandle koko, igama lakhe lahlala lingaziwa kwaye laliza kutshintshwa ngabanye ababhali. Yayiyingqondo-ngqondo "yesicatshulwa" sakhe, esicengcelezwe zizizukulwana zeemvumi emva kwakhe (ngokungathandabuzekiyo saphinda saphinda salungiswa, kodwa sincinci kakhulu), esaqinisekisa indawo yakhe kwimbali. Kule nkalo, uHomer waba yinto enzima ukufikelela kuyo, umgangatho, ngokufuziselayo, "ingundoqo" ye-monolithic yendalo yonke yeengoma, kangangokuba, ngokutsho kwezazinzulu, wafikelela kwi-canonization yakhe ebhaliweyo kwinguqulelo esondeleyo yoqobo. Kwaye oku kubonakala kuyinyani. Iyamangalisa indlela mhle ngayo umbhalo wakhe! Kwaye ibonwa njani ngumfundi olungiselelwe. Kwakungekho nto yokuba uPushkin noTolstoy bamthande uHomer, kwaye uTolstoy, uAlexander Omkhulu ngokwakhe, akazange ahlukane nomsongo we-Iliad ngosuku olunye - yinyaniso ebhaliweyo.
Ndikhankanyile ngasentla kumjikelo weTrojan, oquka uluhlu lwemisebenzi ebonisa enye okanye enye isiqendu seMfazwe yeTrojan. Ngokuyinxenye, ezi "iifolokhwe" zangaphambili zikaHomer's Iliad, ezibhalwe kwihexameter kwaye zizalise iziqephu ezingazange ziboniswe kwi-Iliad. Phantse zonke azizange zifike kuthi, okanye zisinde nje ngamaqhekeza. Unjalo umgwebo wembali - ngokucacileyo, babengaphantsi kakhulu kuHomer kwaye abazange basasazeke phakathi kwabemi.
Makhe ndishwankathele. Ulwimi oluthile olungqongqo lweengoma, iifomyula ezivela kuzo, inkululeko yokusasazwa kwaye, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, ukuvuleleka kwabo kwiinguqu eziqhubekayo zabanye - le nto ngoku siyibiza ngokuba ngumthombo ovulekileyo - yavela ekuqaleni kwenkcubeko yethu. Kwintsimi yokugunyazisa kwaye kwangaxeshanye ubuchule obuhlangeneyo. Yinyani. Ngokubanzi, uninzi lwezinto esizijonga njenge-ultra-modern zinokufumaneka kwiinkulungwane. Yaye izinto esizigqala njengezintsha kusenokwenzeka ukuba zazikho ngaphambili. Ngokuphathelele oku, sikhumbula amazwi eBhayibhile, akwiNtshumayeli (ekuthiwa yabhalwa nguKumkani uSolomon):
“Kukho into abathi ngayo: “Khangela, le intsha,” kodwa le yayisele ikho kwiinkulungwane ezazingaphambi kwethu. Akukho kukhumbula okokuqala; kwaye malunga nokuba kuya kubakho ntoni na, akuyi kubakho nkumbulo yabo baya kuba emva ... "
ukugqiba inxalenye 1
Isikolo (isikolo) - ukuzonwabisa, ixesha lokukhulula.
I-Academy - i-grove kufuphi neAthene, indawo yesikolo sefilosofi kaPlato
I-Gymnasium (i-gymnos-ze) - iindawo zokuzilolonga zazibizwa ngokuba zii-gym zokuqeqesha umzimba. Kuzo, abafana babezilolonge beze. Kungoko amagama anengcambu enye: igymnastics, gymnast.
Ifilosofi (phil-ukuthanda, i-sophia - ubulumko) yindlovukazi yesayensi.
I-Physics (i-physis-indalo) - imfundiso yezinto eziphathekayo, indalo
Metaphysics - ngokoqobo "ngaphandle kwendalo". U-Aristotle wayengazi ukuba angahlula phi uThixo kwaye wabiza umsebenzi ngolu hlobo: "Ayikho indalo."
IMathematika (izibalo-isifundo) - izifundo
I-Technique (i-tehne-craft) eGrisi - amagcisa kunye nabakroli, njengabavelisi beengqayi zodongwe, babengamagcisa, amagcisa. Ke ngoko "ubugcisa bomzobi"
Ikhorasi - ekuqaleni idanisa. (kungoko i-choreography). Ethubeni, ekubeni le mijuxuzo yayiculwa ngabantu abaninzi, ikwayala yingoma enamazwi amaninzi.
Iqonga (skena) - intente yokugqoka abaculi. Wema embindini weqonga lemidlalo yeqonga.
Isiginci - ukusuka kwisiGrike samandulo "cithara", isixhobo somculo esinentambo.
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Ndivakalisa umbulelo wam ukuhlela esi sicatshulwa.
umthombo: www.habr.com