Ubumi ngotyalo-mali: ungayithenga njani incwadana yokundwendwela? (Icandelo lesi-1 lesi-3)

Zininzi iindlela zokufumana incwadana yokundwendwela yesibini. Ukuba ufuna olona khetho lukhawulezayo kwaye lulula, sebenzisa ubumi ngotyalo-mali. Olu luhlu olunamacandelo amathathu lwamanqaku lubonelela ngesikhokelo esipheleleyo kubantu baseRussia, baseBelarus nase-Ukraine abangathanda ukufaka isicelo sobumi boqoqosho. Ngoncedo lwayo, unokufumanisa ukuba yintoni ubumi bemali, yintoni enika yona, phi kwaye ungayifumana njani, kunye nokuba yeyiphi ipasipoti yomtyali-mali eya kuba yinto efanelekileyo kumntu othile.

Xa usiya kwiingcali kwicandelo lokufuduka kotyalo-mali, abantu abaninzi baziphatha ngokungathi banxibelelana noososayensi be-rocket. Olu lwazi lungezantsi lunokuvakala njengemixholo yencwadi yesayensi yerokhethi yabaqalayo.

Kodwa akukho mntu uza kukuthuma enyangeni. Endaweni yoko, senze uthumo lwethu lokukunceda uye apho uya kuphathwa khona ngcono, ukomeleza inkululeko yakho kwaye ukhulise kwaye ukhusele ubutyebi bakho.

Esinye sezixhobo ezinamandla kakhulu ezingasetyenziselwa ukufezekisa le njongo yipasipoti eyongezelelweyo. Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba ukuba neqoqo leepaspoti kunokwenzeka kuphela kwizinto eziyinyani zeenoveli zentlola, apho abalinganiswa abafana noJason Bourne noJames Bond bajikeleza ihlabathi kunye neshumi elinesibini lamaxwebhu anjalo kunye nemali eninzi.

Kule mihla, ukuqokelelwa kwamapasi ayiselilo ilungelo lamagorha amabali eentlola ezingeyonyani - ziya zivela ngakumbi ezipokothweni zoosomashishini abaphumeleleyo, abatyali-zimali kunye nabanye abantu abaqhelekileyo abanengqondo yehlabathi.

Zininzi iindlela zokufumana ipasipoti yesibini, kodwa eyona ndlela ikhawulezayo “kukuthenga” nje enye. Ewe, ufunda oko kulungile. Le nkqubo inokubizwa ngokuba “ukuthenga ipasi”, “ubumi boqoqosho” okanye “ubumi ngokutyalo-mali” - onke la magama athetha into enye.

Oorhulumente abathile bazimisele ukukunika ubumi kunye nencwadana yokundwendwela kwisithuba nje esingangenyanga enesiqingatha okanye unyaka (kuxhomekeke kwimeko yomkhosi) ukutshintshiselana notyalo-mali olubalulekileyo okanye iminikelo kuqoqosho lwabo. Isandi esinomdla? Qhubeka ufunda! Eli nqaku liza kugubungela izihloko ezilandelayo kwaye liphendule le mibuzo ilandelayo:

• Yintoni ubumi boqoqosho?
• Indlela yokufumanisa ukuba ilizwe libonelela ngobumi ngotyalo-mali?
• Ipaspoti yesibini inika ntoni umtyali-mali?
• Ubumi ngotyalo-mali akufunekanga bubhidaniswe noku...

Yintoni ubumi boqoqosho?

Ngaphambi kokuba ufake isicelo sepasipoti yesibini kunye nokuba ngummi ngemali, kufuneka uqonde iziseko. Okokuqala, yintoni ubumi? Enyanisweni, ubumi buyimbonakaliso yesivumelwano sentlalontle: isivumelwano phakathi kwabantu kunye noluntu ukuze basebenzisane ukuze bazuze inzuzo efanayo.

Kolu lwalamano lwe-symbiotic, ummi wamkela uxanduva oluthile olunjengokuthobela umthetho, ukuhlawula irhafu, nokusebenza emkhosini. Ngembuyekezo, urhulumente umnika amalungelo ahlukeneyo, kuquka ilungelo lokuvota nokusebenza kummandla walo.

Kwinkulungwane edlulileyo, amazwe afumene ilungelo elongezelelweyo: ilungelo lokukhawulela ukuhamba kwabantu. Njengoko ilizwe liye lavela kwaye liya liqhagamshelwana ngakumbi, amazwe axhomekeke kwiincwadana zokundwendwela ukulawula ukuba ngubani onokungena kwaye awushiye ummandla wabo.

Ngenxa yoku, incwadana yokundwendwela ibe yenye yezona zinto zixabisekileyo urhulumente anokuzinika ummi ngokutshintshiselana ngegalelo lakhe eluntwini. Iipasipoti ezivela kumazwe ahlukeneyo ziyahluka ekusebenziseni kwabo abahambahambayo, udumo kunye nezinye iiparameters - njengokuba amalungelo kunye noxanduva lommi lwahluka ukuya kwinqanaba elithile ngokuxhomekeke kurhulumente.

Ngokwesithethe, ubumi babunikwa ngokuzalwa, ngokuzalwa, nangokutshata. Ngamanye amaxesha yayiwongwa ngenxa yeemfanelo ezikhethekileyo kwinkcubeko, imidlalo okanye inzululwazi. Kodwa ngo-1984, yonke into yatshintsha: kwaba lula ukufumana ubumi ngokukhawuleza ngokutyalo-mali.

Olunye uxanduva oluphambili lommi kukufaka isandla kuqoqosho lwelizwe lobumi bakhe. Amazwe amaninzi eBloc yaseNtshona athanda ukusebenzisa kakubi ilungelo lokunyanzelisa umsebenzi onjalo ngokufuna ukuhlawulwa kweerhafu eziphezulu.

Kodwa asingawo onke amazwe anje. Amazwe anerhafu ephantsi abonelela ngobumi boqoqosho amisele ukuba abantu abenza igalelo elikhulu kuqoqosho lwabo ngotyalo-mali olubuyiswayo lweminyaka emininzi okanye izibonelelo zexesha elinye baye balufeza olu xanduva kwaye ngoko bafanele ukuba ngabemi.

Ngaloo ndlela, ubumi bezoqoqosho buyindlela ekhethekileyo apho umntu angakwazi ukufumana ipasipoti yesibini ngokutshala imali kwelinye igunya. Yenzelwe abantu abazizityebi abafuna ngokukhawuleza ukufumana ubumi obubini kunye nencwadana yokundwendwela yesibini, okanye nokuba ngabemi abaninzi kunye neqoqo elipheleleyo lepaspoti.

Indlela yokufumanisa ukuba ilizwe libonelela ngobumi ngotyalo-mali?

Ayizizo zonke iinkqubo zobumi bezoqoqosho ezenziwe ngokulinganayo. Oku kusenokubangela ukubhideka malunga nokuba zeziphi na izicwangciso ezisemthethweni. Makhe sicacise. Kukho nje iikhrayitheriya ezi-5 ekufuneka uzigcine engqondweni ukufumanisa ukuba indawo ethile yolawulo inikezela ngokusemthethweni ubumi obuhlawulelwayo:

1. Ukuphuma ngokukhawuleza: Zikhona ezinye iindlela zokufumana incwadana yokundwendwela eyongezelelweyo engabiziyo njengabemi boqoqosho, kodwa ifuna ixesha elininzi kunye nomzamo kwicala lakho. Inzuzo yobumi ngotyalo-mali kukuba yinkqubo ekhawulezayo. IMalta kuphela kwelizwe elikhupha ubumi ngotyalo-mali kwaye lifuna ukulinda ipaspoti ngaphezulu konyaka. Kuwo onke amanye amazwe afanelekileyo, iinkqubo zithatha ixesha elingangeenyanga.
2. Ukuthengiswa: Ubume borhwebo babo bonke ubumi ngeenkqubo zotyalo-mali kuthetha ukuba phantse nabani na, nokuba ungowaluphi na uhlanga, inkolo okanye izakhono zolwimi, angaba ngummi wezoqoqosho. Nokuba ungowasePakistan okanye eUnited States of America, ungafumana ipasipoti yaseDominica ngexabiso elifanayo. Kwaye abasemagunyeni basekuhlaleni baya kwamkela nawuphi na umviwa ngobuhlobo obulinganayo ukuba baphumelele ukunyamekela. Umahluko kuphela kukuba kungathatha ixesha elide (iiveki ezininzi) ukuvandlakanya umfaki-sicelo wasePakistan kunokuba isenza ukuvavanya ukuthembeka komfaki-sicelo wase-US. Ngaphandle koko, abakhathali apho uvela khona. Yenza nje intlawulo kwaye ufumane incwadana yakho yokundwendwela.
3. Ulwakhiwo: Nabuphi na ubumi benkqubo yotyalo-mali kufuneka bube nesakhiwo esicacileyo. Oku kuthetha izixa-mali ezimiselweyo zotyalo-mali kunye nendlela ecacileyo eya kwipaspoti yakho. Iinkqubo ezinjalo zisebenza phantse njengalo naliphi na ishishini eliqhelekileyo. Ngoko ke, naliphi na ilizwe elinika indlela "emnyama" ukuya kwipasipoti yesibini kunokwenzeka ukuba iwele kudidi olwahlukileyo.
4. Ukuba semthethweni: Oku kubonakala kucacile, kodwa ubumi bokwenyani ngesikimu sotyalo-mali kufuneka lufakwe ngokucacileyo, ukuba akukho kuMgaqo-siseko wegunya lomkhosi, ngoko kwimithetho yayo yokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe.
5. Ukulula: Uninzi lwamazwe akhupha ubumi bezoqoqosho alufuni ukuba abaviwa bahambe okanye bahlale kwindawo yabo (ngaphandle kweAntigua, iMalta, iCyprus kunye neTurkey). Akukho mbuso unjalo ubophelela abagqatswa ukuba bathethe ulwimi lwalo olusemthethweni, bahlawule irhafu kwi-ofisi kanondyebo, okanye bafezekise naziphi na ezinye iimfuno ezingaphaya komnikelo wenkunzi kunye nobungqina bokuthobela umthetho.

Ipaspoti yesibini inika ntoni umtyali-mali?

Ngoku makhe sijonge izibonelelo onokuzifumana ngokufaka isicelo sobumi boqoqosho.

• Incwadana yokundwendwela yesibini yobomi: Ubumi obunye bunokuqinisekiswa ukuba bunokusetyenziswa ubomi bonke, ukuba awenzi naluphi na ulwaphulo-mthetho olunzima kwaye ungonakali umfanekiso welizwe lakho elitsha nangayiphi na indlela.
• Ubumi obutsha kusapho lonke: Ayingomfaki-sicelo ophambili kuphela onokufumana incwadana yokundwendwela entsha kunye nobumi ngokutyala imali. Ukuba umviwa akanguye umntu omnye, kodwa yindoda yosapho, unokubandakanya iqabane lakhe kunye nabantwana kwisicelo. Amanye amazwe avumela abazali kunye nabantwana bakowenu ukuba bongezwe kwisicelo.
• Ipaspoti ekhawulezileyo ngaphandle komzamo owongezelelweyo: Unokufumana incwadana yokundwendwela yesibini ngokutshala imali kwinyanga enye enesiqingatha ukuya kwishumi elinesibini (kuxhomekeke kulawulo). Abantu abazizityebi abasempilweni kunye nodumo olucocekileyo banokusebenzisa inkqubo elula yokufumana olu xwebhu. Ngokuqhelekileyo akukho mfuneko yokuhamba ukuya okanye ukuhlala kwindawo yokusingatha indawo.
• Ubumi obutsha ngenxa yokulahlwa lula kwale yangoku: Ipaspoti entsha yomtyali-mali ingasetyenziselwa ukulahla ubumi bakho bangoku kwaye wonge iirhafu, ukuphepha ukubizelwa emkhosini, okanye ukusombulula naziphi na ezinye iingxaki.
• Amalungelo abakhenkethi: Ukufikelela simahla kwiVisa e-UK, eIreland, eHong Kong, eSingapore, kuMbindi nakuMzantsi Merika nakuMzantsi-mpuma Asia, kunye namazwe e-EU Schengen (okanye nelungelo lokuhamba ngokukhululekileyo ngaphakathi kweSchengen) zonke zinokufunyanwa ngokufaka isicelo sobumi boqoqosho. .
• Ukucwangcisa irhafu: Ubumi ngotyalo-mali abuyi kutshintsha ngokuzenzekelayo isimo sakho serhafu, kodwa ukuba ufuna ukonwabela indlela yokuphila yokungarhafi, linyathelo lokuqala elilungileyo. Ukuhlala kwilizwe elisindleke ubuninzi bonyaka kwaye ube ngumhlali walo wezezimali, unokukuphepha ukuhlawula irhafu yengeniso yomntu kwingeniso evela kwimithombo yehlabathi jikelele (efanelekileyo kubanini bepaspoti baseSt. Kitts, Vanuatu naseAntigua).
• Eyona inshurensi: Ukuba ufuna isicwangciso esihle "B", ngoko "ukuthenga" ipasipoti yeyona ndlela ingcono. Ngokufaka isicelo sobumi boqoqosho, ufumana ipolisi ye-inshorensi yokugqibela kunye nesixhobo esithembekileyo sokwahluka kwemingcipheko yelizwe.

Ubumi ngotyalo-mali akufunekanga bubhidaniswe noku...

Ayizizo zonke iingenelo ezidweliswe ngasentla ezinokuba nomdla kumviwa othile, kodwa iiarhente zokufuduka ezinganyanisekanga aziyihoyi le nto, zilibale malunga nendlela yobuqu kunye nokuzama ukuthengisa "imveliso" yazo.

Oko kwathiwa, isiluleko esibi sisisombululo nje se-iceberg xa kufikwa kwiingcamango eziphosakeleyo malunga nokuba yintoni, phi, kutheni kwaye ungayifumana njani ukuba ufuna ipasipoti entsha kunye nokuba ngummi ngemali. Masiyiphelise apha ke ngoku! Masifumanise ukuba ngawaphi amaxwebhu akufuneki abhidaniswe nencwadana yokundwendwela yomtyali-mali.

1. Incwadana yokundwendwela yeenzuzo ezizodwa

Zininzi iinkqubo ezikhangeleka ngathi ngummi ngezikimu zotyalo-mali kuba zibandakanya uhlobo oluthile lwemfuno yezemali kwaye zibonelela ngobumi xa zigqityiwe. Kodwa zikholisa ukungondlekanga kwaye azithengiswa. Kwaye kananjalo abanaso isantya esiphezulu.

Udidi lobumi obubodwa busetyenziswa kakuhle ukuchaza la malungiselelo adibeneyo. Uyakwazi ukuthenga ipropathi eCambodia okanye unikele nge-3 yezigidi e-Austria kwaye ufumane ipasipoti yesibini ngokuthengiselana, kodwa ezi nkqubo zixhomekeke kakhulu kwiipolitiki kwaye azifumaneki kuye wonke umfaki-sicelo ovumayo. Obu asibobumi bokwenyani ngotyalo-mali.

2. I-visa yegolide

Ukuhlala ngotyalo-mali okanye i-visa yegolide ayifani nokuba ngummi wezoqoqosho. Amazwe amaninzi akulungele ukunika imvume yokuhlala kubantu basemzini abatyala imali kuqoqosho lwabo, kodwa le mvume yokuhlala ayiqinisekisi ukuba umviwa uya kufumana ubumi ekugqibeleni. I-visa yegolide inika kuphela ilungelo lokungena kwilizwe elichaphazelekayo kwaye uhlale kwindawo yayo unyaka wonke.

Amazwe ahlukeneyo aneenqobo ezahlukeneyo anokuthi umntu ahlangabezane nazo ukuze afanelekele ukuhlala, ukusuka ekunikezeni umsebenzi kunye nokuqalisa inkampani ukutshata omnye wabemi bendawo. Amanye amazwe athathe isigqibo sokongeza inketho eyongezelelweyo kwaye avumele abo bangaphandle abenza utyalo-mali ukuba bahlale kwintsimi yabo, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ezinye iindlela.

Kodwa kule meko sithetha kuphela ngemvume yokuba ngumhlali. Nje ukuba umntu abe ngumhlali, unokwenziwa ngokwendalo ngendlela efanayo nabani na. Kakade ke, asithethi ngabo nabuphi na ubumi ngokutyalo-mali.

Oku kunjalo kwiinkqubo ezininzi ze-visa zegolide eYurophu. Iinkqubo ezifanayo, umzekelo, zisebenza eGrisi naseSpain. Ngelixa ekugqibeleni unokufumana incwadana yokundwendwela yesibini ngesivumelwano sotyalo-mali, oku kuya kufuna ubuncinci iminyaka emihlanu yokuhlala kwaye kuya kufuneka ufunde ulwimi lolawulo lomkhosi.

Ukongeza, kuya kufuneka uhlale kumhlaba wayo phantse unyaka ngamnye ngexesha lokumiselwa, ngaloo ndlela ufumane izibophelelo ezithile zerhafu kulawulo lomkhosi. Okukuphela kwemeko yiPortugal, apho awufuni ukuhlala ngokusisigxina.

Thelekisa oku kwiinkqubo zobumi bezoqoqosho zaseCaribbean, apho kungekho xesha lokulinda ukuzalwa (ngaphandle kokulinda isigwebo sokunyameka kunye neenkqubo zokucubungula, ezithatha iiveki ezimbalwa kuphela). Wenza utyalo-mali kwaye ufumane ubumi.

3. Ipasi ngenkqubo yesiporho

Ngenxa yolwazi oluninzi olungeyonyani kunye nemisebenzi yee-arhente ezininzi zokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe ezingakwaziyo ukusebenza, abanye abantu bafuna ukufumana incwadana yokundwendwela ngokuba ngabemi ngeenkqubo zotyalo-mali ezingazange zibekho okanye zibekho okwexeshana kodwa zarhoxiswa.

Ngokomzekelo, kwiminyaka yakutshanje iinkqubo zaseMoldova naseComoros ziye zanqunyanyiswa. Ngaphambili, kwakunokwenzeka ukufumana ubumi base-Ireland ngotyalo-mali, kodwa inkqubo ehambelanayo yaphinda yanqunyanyiswa kwaye umsebenzi wayo awuzange uqalise kwakhona.

Kukho neemeko apho ilizwe libhengeza ubumi ngenkqubo yotyalo-mali, kodwa ke alize liphumeze isithembiso. Kungekudala kwabakho amarhe okuba iArmenia yayiza kuzisa inkqubo enjalo. Nangona kunjalo, emva kokutshintshwa kwamandla karhulumente, kwagqitywa ukuba ilahle le ngcamango.

Amaxwebhu akhutshwe ngezikim zobuqhophololo

Kukwakho nengxaki yobuqhophololo. Sifumana imibuzo emininzi kubafundi malunga nale okanye le nkqubo, kwaye siyanyanzeleka ukuba sivume ukuba ezi zinkohliso. Ungothuki ukuba iisayithi ezikhuthaza obu buqhophololo zinyamalale ngequbuliso.

Isitshixo sokusebenzisa incwadana yakho yokundwendwela yesibini ngokufanelekileyo nangokukhuselekileyo kukuyifumana ngokusemthethweni. Ziphephe naziphi na iinkqubo ezibandakanya ukuhlawula imali kumagosa arhwaphilizayo. Ubumi obusemthethweni ngesikimu sotyalo-mali kufuneka buchazwe kwimithetho yolawulo lomkhosi. Ukuba umntu okhuthaza inkqubo akakwazi ukukuxelela isiseko esisemthethweni sayo, vele uyeke ukunxibelelana naye.

Khumbula ukuba ubumi bezoqoqosho buthengiswa kwaye bucwangcisiwe, kwaye kulula, kusemthethweni kwaye kuyakhawuleza. Nantoni na engafikeleliyo kwezi mfuno zintlanu ayibobumi ngokutyalo-mali. Oku akuthethi ukuba ezinye iindlela zokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe aziyi kusebenza kuwe (ngaphandle kokuba akukho mthethweni, kunjalo), kodwa kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba ungena ntoni.

Iza kuqhubeka. Ukuba uthanda icandelo lokuqala lesi sikhokelo, hlala ubukele. Inxalenye yesibini iya kuphonononga amazwe anika ubumi ngotyalo-mali, kwakunye neemfuno zabafaki-zicelo zobumi boqoqosho.

Usenemibuzo? Babuze kwizimvo!

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