Mholo! Ugcino lwedatha lokuqala oluzenzekelayo kwihlabathi kwiimolekyuli zeDNA

Abaphandi abavela kwiMicrosoft kunye neYunivesithi yaseWashington baye babonisa inkqubo yokuqala yokugcina idatha ezenzekelayo, efundekayo ye-DNA eyenziwe ngokwenziwa. Eli linyathelo eliphambili lokuhambisa iteknoloji entsha ukusuka kwiilebhu zophando ukuya kumaziko edatha yorhwebo.

Abaphuhlisi babonakalise ingqikelelo ngovavanyo olulula: balifaka ngempumelelo igama elithi "hello" libe ngamaqhekeza emolekyuli yeDNA yokwenziwa kwaye bayiguqulela kwidatha yedijithali besebenzisa inkqubo yokuphela ukuya ekupheleni, echazwe kuyo. nqaku, eyapapashwa ngoMatshi 21 kwiiNgxelo zeNzululwazi yeNdalo.

Eli nqaku likwiwebhusayithi yethu.

Iimolekyuli zeDNA zinokugcina inkcazelo yedijithali kwindawo exinene kakhulu, oko kukuthi, kwindawo ebonakalayo enobungakanani obuncinane kunobo bukhoyo kumaziko edatha ale mihla. Sesinye sezisombululo ezithembisayo zokugcina ubuninzi bedatha yehlabathi evelisa yonke imihla, ukusuka kwiirekhodi zoshishino kunye neevidiyo zezilwanyana ezintle ukuya kwiifoto zonyango kunye nemifanekiso evela kwindawo.

UMicrosoft ujonga iindlela zokuvala umsantsa okhoyo phakathi isixa sedatha esiyivelisayo kwaye sifuna ukuzigcina, namandla ethu ukuzigcina. Ezi ndlela ziquka uphuhliso lwe-algorithms kunye ne-molecular computing technologies for i-encoding data kwi-DNA yokwenziwa. Oku kuya kuvumela lonke ulwazi olugcinwe kwiziko ledatha elikhulu langoku ukuba lingene kwindawo ephantse ibe ngamadayisi amaninzi.

"Injongo yethu ephambili kukusungula inkqubo eya kuthi, kumsebenzisi wokugqibela, ijonge phantse ifana nayo nayiphi na enye inkqubo yokugcina ilifu: ulwazi luthunyelwa kwiziko ledatha kwaye lugcinwe apho, kwaye luvela ngokulula xa umxhasi eyifuna, ” utsho uSr. Microsoft umphandi uKarin Strauss. "Ukwenza oku, bekufuneka sibonakalise ukuba iyavakala ngokwembono ye-automation."

Ulwazi lugcinwa kwiimolekyuli zokwenziwa zeDNA ezenziwe elabhoratri, endaweni yeDNA yabantu okanye yezinye izinto eziphilayo, yaye zinokuguqulelwa ngokufihlakeleyo ngaphambi kokuba zithunyelwe kule nkqubo. Nangona oomatshini abanzima abanje nge-synthesizers kunye nabalandelelanisi sele besenza iinxalenye eziphambili zenkqubo, uninzi lwamanyathelo aphakathi kude kube ngoku lufuna umsebenzi wezandla kwibhubhoratri yophando. "Ayifanelekanga ukusetyenziswa kwezorhwebo," watsho uChris Takahashi, umphandi ophezulu kwi-Paul Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering e-USF (UPaul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering).

"Awunakuba nabantu abajikelezayo kwiziko ledatha kunye neepipettes, ithanda kakhulu impazamo yomntu, ibiza kakhulu kwaye ithatha indawo enkulu," uTakahashi wachaza.

Ukuze le ndlela yogcino lwedatha ibe sengqiqweni kwezorhwebo, iindleko zokudityaniswa kweDNA—ukudala iziseko ezisisiseko zolandelelwano olunentsingiselo—kunye nenkqubo yolandelelwano efunekayo ukuze kufundwe inkcazelo egciniweyo ifanele ithotywe. Abaphandi bathi olu lukhokelo uphuhliso olukhawulezayo.

Ukuzenzekela sesinye isiqwenga esiphambili sepuzzle, ukwenza ukugcinwa kwedatha kwinqanaba lentengiso kwaye lifikeleleke ngakumbi, ngokutsho kwabaphandi beMicrosoft.

Phantsi kweemeko ezithile, i-DNA inokuhlala ixesha elide kuneenkqubo zale mihla zokugcina oovimba, ezithomalalisa kumashumi eminyaka. Enye i-DNA iye yakwazi ukuphila phantsi kweemeko ezingafanelekanga kangangamashumi amawaka eminyaka—kumabamba amakhulu nakumathambo abantu bokuqala. Oku kuthetha ukuba idatha ingagcinwa ngolu hlobo logama nje ubuntu bukhona.

Inkqubo yokugcinwa kwe-DNA ezenzekelayo isebenzisa isoftware eyenziwe yiMicrosoft kunye neYunivesithi yaseWashington (UW). Iguqula ezo kunye ne-zero zedatha yedijithali kwi-nucleotides (A, T, C kunye no-G), "eziyibhloko zokwakha" ze-DNA. Inkqubo ke isebenzisa izinto ezingabizi kakhulu, ezininzi ezingekho kwi-shelf, izixhobo zaselabhorethri ukubonelela ulwelo oluyimfuneko kunye ne-reagents kwi-synthesizer, eqokelela amaqhekeza enziweyo e-DNA kwaye uwabeke kwisitya sokugcina.

Xa le nkqubo ifuna ukukhupha inkcazelo, yongeza eminye imichiza ukuze ilungise kakuhle iDNA ize isebenzise iimpompo zemicrofluidic ukutyhala ulwelo kwiindawo ezithile zenkqubo ezifunda ukulandelelana kweemolekyuli zeDNA zize ziziguqule zibe yinkcazelo eqondwa yikhompyutha. Abaphandi bathi injongo yeprojekthi yayingekokungqina ukuba inkqubo inokusebenza ngokukhawuleza okanye ngexabiso eliphantsi, kodwa ukubonisa nje ukuba i-automation inokwenzeka.

Olona ncedo lucacileyo lwenkqubo yogcino lweDNA oluzenzekelayo kukuba ikhulula izazinzulu ukuba zicombulule iingxaki ezintsonkothileyo ngaphandle kokuchitha ixesha zikhangela iibhotile zezinto ezihlaziyayo okanye imonotony yokongeza amathontsi olwelo kwiityhubhu zovavanyo.

"Ukuba nenkqubo ezenzekelayo yokwenza umsebenzi ophindaphindiweyo kuvumela iilebhu ukuba zigxininise ngokuthe ngqo kuphando kwaye ziphuhlise izicwangciso ezintsha zokuvuselela ngokukhawuleza," kusho umphandi weMicrosoft uBihlin Nguyen.

Iqela elivela kwiLebhu yeeNkqubo zoLwazi lweMolekyuli ILebhu yeeNkqubo zoLwazi lweMolekyuli (I-MISL) sele ibonisile ukuba inokugcina iifoto zeekati, imisebenzi emangalisayo yoncwadi, видео kunye neerekhodi ze-DNA ezigciniweyo kwaye zikhuphe ezi fayile ngaphandle kweempazamo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, baye bakwazi ukugcina i-1 gigabyte yedatha kwi-DNA, ukubetha irekhodi yehlabathi yangaphambili 200 MB.

Abaphandi baye bavelisa iindlela zoku yenza izibalo ezinentsingiselonjengokufumana kunye nokubuyisela kuphela imifanekiso equkethe iapile okanye ibhayisekile eluhlaza usebenzisa iimolekyuli ngokwazo, ngaphandle kokuguqula iifayile kwifomathi yedijithali.

"Kukhuselekile ukuthi sibona ukuzalwa kohlobo olutsha lwenkqubo yekhompyuter, apho iimolekyuli zisetyenziselwa ukugcinwa kwedatha kunye ne-elektroniki yokulawula kunye nokusebenza. Le ndibaniselwano ivula amathuba anomdla kakhulu kwixesha elizayo, ”utshilo unjingalwazi we-Allen School kwiYunivesithi yaseWashington. Louis Sese.

Ngokungafaniyo ne-silicon-based computing systems, i-DNA-based storage kunye ne-computing systems kufuneka isebenzise ulwelo ukuhambisa iimolekyuli. Kodwa ulwelo lwahlukile kwindalo kwii-electron kwaye lufuna izisombululo ezitsha zobugcisa.

Iqela leYunivesithi yaseWashington, ngokusebenzisana noMicrosoft, likwaphuhlisa inkqubo enokucwangciswa ekwazi ukuzenzela iimfuniselo zaselabhoratri ngokusebenzisa iimpawu zombane namanzi ukuhambisa amathontsi kwigridi yee-electrode. Iseti epheleleyo yesoftware kunye nehardware ebizwa I-Puddle kunye ne-PurpleDrop, inokuxuba, yohlula, ifudumeze okanye ipholise ulwelo olwahlukeneyo kwaye yenze iiprothokholi zaselabhoratri.

Injongo kukwenza imifuniselo yaselabhoratri ngokuzenzekelayo eyenziwa ngoku ngesandla okanye ngeerobhothi zokuphatha ulwelo ezibizayo kunye nokunciphisa iindleko.

Amanyathelo alandelayo eqela le-MISL abandakanya ukudibanisa inkqubo elula, yokuphela ukuya ekupheleni kwe-automated kunye nobuchwepheshe obufana ne-Purple Drop, kunye nobunye ubuchwepheshe obuvumela ukukhangela i-molecule ye-DNA. Abaphandi benza ngabom inkqubo yabo yemodyuli ezenzekelayo ukuze ikwazi ukuvela njengetekhnoloji entsha ye-DNA synthesis, ukulandelelana kunye nokukhohlisa kwavela.

"Enye yeenzuzo zale nkqubo kukuba ukuba sifuna ukutshintsha enye yamacandelo ngento entsha, engcono okanye ekhawulezayo, sinokuthi sidibanise inxalenye entsha," kusho uNguyen. "Oku kusenza sibe bhetyebhetye ngakumbi kwikamva."

Umfanekiso ophezulu: Abaphandi abavela kwiMicrosoft kunye neYunivesithi yaseWashington barekhoda kwaye babala igama elithi "mholweni", usebenzisa inkqubo yokuqala yokugcina idatha ye-DNA ezenzekelayo. Eli linyathelo eliphambili lokuhambisa iteknoloji entsha ukusuka kwiibhubhoratri ukuya kumaziko edatha yorhwebo.

umthombo: www.habr.com