I-SLA, eyaziwa nangokuthi "isivumelwano senqanaba lenkonzo", sisivumelwano sokuqinisekisa phakathi komthengi kunye nomnikezeli wenkonzo malunga nokuba umthengi uya kufumana ntoni ngokwenkonzo. Ikwachaza imbuyekezo xa kukho ixesha lokuphumla ngenxa yempazamo yomthengisi, njalo njalo. Ngokwenene, i-SLA iyisiqinisekiso ngoncedo apho iziko ledatha okanye umboneleli wokubamba uqinisekisa umthengi onokuthi uya kuphathwa ngobubele ngayo yonke indlela. Umbuzo kukuba ungabhala nantoni na oyifunayo kwi-SLA, kwaye iziganeko ezibhalwe kolu xwebhu azenzeki rhoqo. I-SLA ikude nesikhokelo ekukhetheni iziko ledatha kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo akufanele uthembele kuyo.
Sonke siqhele ukusayina uhlobo oluthile lwezivumelwano ezibeka izibophelelo ezithile. I-SLA ayihlukanga - idla ngokuba lolona xwebhu lungekho ngqiqweni lunokucingeleka. Ekuphela kwento ekusenokwenzeka ukuba ayinamsebenzi ngakumbi yi-NDA kwimimandla apho uluvo “lwemfihlo yorhwebo” lungekho ngokwenene. Kodwa yonke ingxaki kukuba i-SLA ayincedi umxhasi ekukhetheni umthengisi ofanelekileyo, kodwa iphosa uthuli emehlweni.
Yintoni ababuki zindwendwe abadla ngokubhala kwinguqulelo yoluntu ye-SLA abayibonisa uluntu? Ewe, umgca wokuqala ligama elithi "ukuthembeka" kwe-hoster - ezi ziqhelekileyo ngamanani ukusuka kwi-98 ukuya kwi-99,999%. Enyanisweni, la manani ayinto nje eyilwe kakuhle yabathengisi. Kudala, xa ukusingathwa kwakusemncinci kwaye kubiza, kwaye amafu yayiliphupha nje leengcali (kunye nokufikelela kwi-broadband kuwo wonke umntu), isalathisi sexesha lokusingatha sasibaluleke kakhulu, kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngoku, xa bonke abanikezeli besebenzisa, kunye okanye ukukhupha, izixhobo ezifanayo, bahlala kwiinethiwekhi ezifanayo ze-backbone kwaye banikezela ngeepakethi zenkonzo efanayo, isalathisi sexesha lokuphumla asibonakali ngokupheleleyo.
Ngaba kukho ne-SLA "echanekileyo"?
Ewe kunjalo, kukho iinguqulelo ezifanelekileyo ze-SLA, kodwa zonke zingamaxwebhu angengomgangatho kwaye abhalisiwe kwaye aqukunjelwa phakathi komxhasi kunye nomthengisi ngesandla. Ngaphezu koko, olu hlobo lwe-SLA luhlala luchaphazela uhlobo oluthile lomsebenzi wekhontrakthi kuneenkonzo.
Kufuneka kubandakanye ntoni i-SLA elungileyo? Ukuyibeka i-TLDR, i-SLA enhle yincwadi elawula ubudlelwane phakathi kwamacandelo amabini, enika elinye lamaqela (umthengi) ulawulo oluphezulu kwinkqubo. Oko kukuthi, indlela esebenza ngayo kwihlabathi langempela: kukho uxwebhu oluchaza iinkqubo zokusebenzisana zehlabathi kunye nokulawula ubudlelwane phakathi kwamaqela. Ibeka imida, imithetho, kwaye ngokwayo ibe yimpembelelo yempembelelo enokuthi amaqela omabini asebenzise ngokupheleleyo. Ngaloo ndlela, ngenxa ye-SLA echanekileyo, umthengi unokunyanzela nje ukuba ikontraki isebenze njengoko kuvunyelwene ngayo, kwaye inceda ikontraki ukuba ilwe "izinto ezifunwayo" zomthengi osebenza ngokugqithiseleyo ongenakuthethelelwa kwikhontrakthi. Ijongeka ngolu hlobo: "I-SLA yethu ithi le naleya, phuma apha, senza yonke into njengoko kuvunyelwene."
Oko kukuthi, "i-SLA echanekileyo" = "inkontileka eyaneleyo yokubonelela ngeenkonzo" kwaye inika ulawulo kwimeko. Kodwa oku kunokwenzeka kuphela xa usebenza "njengokulingana".
Oko kubhaliweyo kwiwebhusayithi kunye nezinto ezilindele ngokwenene zizinto ezimbini ezahlukeneyo
Ngokubanzi, yonke into esiza kuxoxa ngayo ngakumbi ngamaqhinga okuthengisa kunye novavanyo lokumamela.
Ukuba sithatha iihostele ezithandwayo zasekhaya, ke enye inikezela ingcono kunomnye: inkxaso ye-25/8, i-server uptime 99,9999999% yexesha, iqela lamaziko abo edatha ubuncinane eRashiya. Nceda ukhumbule inqaku malunga namaziko edatha, siza kubuyela kuyo kamva. Okwangoku, masithethe ngeenkcukacha-manani ezifanelekileyo zokunyamezela iimpazamo kunye nento umntu ajongana nayo xa iseva yakhe isawela “kwi-0,0000001% yokusilela.”
Ngezalathi ze-98% nangaphezulu, nakuphi na ukuhla sisiganeko esikwicala lempazamo yezibalo. Izixhobo zokusebenza kunye noqhagamshelwano lukhona okanye alukho. Ungasebenzisa i-hoster ene-"reliability" ye-50% (ngokwe-SLA yayo) iminyaka ngaphandle kwengxaki enye, okanye "unokusilela" kanye ngenyanga ngeentsuku ezimbalwa kunye nabafana ababanga i-99,99%.
Xa umzuzu wokuwa ufika (kwaye, siyakukhumbuza, wonke umntu uyawa ngenye imini), ngoko umxhasi ujongene nomatshini wangaphakathi wenkampani ebizwa ngokuthi "inkxaso", kwaye isivumelwano senkonzo kunye ne-SLA ziziswa ekukhanyeni. Ingaba ithetha ntoni:
- Okunokwenzeka, kwiiyure ezine zokuqala zexesha lokuphumla awuyi kukwazi ukubonisa nantoni na, nangona abanye ababuki zindwendwe baqala ukubala kwakhona intlawulo (intlawulo yembuyekezo) ukusuka kumzuzu wokuwa.
- Ukuba umncedisi akafumaneki ixesha elide, unganakho ukungenisa isicelo sokubalwa kwakhona kweerhafu.
- Kwaye oku kubonelelwe ukuba ingxaki yavela ngenxa yempazamo yomthengisi.
- Ukuba ingxaki yakho yavela ngenxa yomntu wesithathu (kwindlela enkulu), ngoko kubonakala ngathi "akukho mntu unetyala" kwaye xa ingxaki isonjululwe ngumcimbi wenhlanhla yakho.
Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba awusoze ufikelele kwiqela lobunjineli, amaxesha amaninzi umiswa ngumgca wokuqala wenkxaso, ohambelana nawe ngelixa iinjineli zokwenyani zizama ukulungisa imeko. Ivakala iqhelekile?
Apha, abantu abaninzi bathembele kwi-SLA, ebonakala ngathi, kufuneka ikukhusele kwiimeko ezinjalo. Kodwa, eneneni, iinkampani azifane zihambe ngaphaya kwemida yoxwebhu lwazo okanye zikwazi ukuguqula imeko ngendlela yokunciphisa iindleko zazo. Owona msebenzi uphambili we-SLA kukuthomalalisa umntu othe qwa kwaye uqinisekise ukuba kwimeko engalindelekanga, yonke into iya kulunga. Injongo yesibini ye-SLA kukunxibelelana nawona manqaku abalulekileyo kunye nokunika umboneleli-nkonzo igumbi lokuqhuba, oko kukuthi, ukukwazi ukuxela ukusilela kwinto apho umthengisi “angenaxanduva”.
Kwangaxeshanye, abathengi abakhulu, enyanisweni, abakhathali kwaphela malunga nembuyekezo ngaphakathi kwe-SLA. “Imbuyekezo ye-SLA” yimbuyekezo yemali phakathi koluhlu lweerhafu ngokomlinganiselo wexesha lokungasebenzi kwezixhobo, elingasokuze lihlawule ne-1% yelahleko enokubakho yemali kunye nodumo. Kule meko, kubaluleke kakhulu kumxhasi ukuba iingxaki zisonjululwe ngokukhawuleza kunohlobo oluthile "lokubalwa kwakhona kweentlawulo."
"Amaziko amaninzi edatha emhlabeni wonke" yimbangela yokukhathazeka
Sibeke imeko kunye nenani elikhulu lamaziko edatha kumnikezeli wenkonzo kwicandelo elihlukeneyo, kuba ngaphezu kweengxaki zonxibelelwano ezicacileyo ezichazwe ngasentla, iingxaki ezingabonakaliyo nazo zivela. Umzekelo, umboneleli wakho wenkonzo akakwazi kufikelela kumaziko eenkcukacha “zabo”.
Kwinqaku lethu lokugqibela , undoqo ekuthengisweni kwakhona kwezakhono zabanye abantu phantsi kwegama labo. Uninzi lwabagcini banamhlanje abathi banamaziko abo edatha kwiindawo ezininzi ngabathengisi basebenzisa imodeli ye-White Label. Oko kukuthi, ngokwenyama abananto yakwenza neziko ledatha elinemiqathango eSwitzerland, eJamani okanye eNetherlands.
Ukungqubana okunomdla kakhulu kuvela apha. I-SLA yakho kunye nomboneleli wenkonzo isasebenza kwaye iyasebenza, kodwa umthengisi akakwazi ngandlela ithile ukuba nefuthe kakhulu kwimeko kwimeko yengozi. Yena ngokwakhe ukwimeko exhomekeke kumthengisi wakhe - iziko ledatha, apho ii-racks zamandla zithengiwe ukuthengiswa kwakhona.
Ngaloo ndlela, ukuba awuxabisi kuphela amagama amahle kwikhontrakthi kunye ne-SLA malunga nokuthembeka kunye nenkonzo, kodwa kunye nokukwazi komnikezeli wenkonzo ukusombulula ngokukhawuleza iingxaki, kufuneka usebenze ngokuthe ngqo nomnini wezibonelelo. Enyanisweni, oku kubandakanya ukusebenzisana ngokuthe ngqo kwiziko ledatha.
Kutheni le nto singazithatheli ngqalelo iinketho xa ii-DC ezininzi zinokuba zezenkampani enye? Ewe, zimbalwa kakhulu iinkampani ezinjalo. Enye, ezimbini, ezintathu zamaziko edatha amancinci okanye enye enkulu inokwenzeka. Kodwa ishumi elinesibini le-DCs, isiqingatha salo siseRussian Federation, kwaye okwesibini eYurophu, phantse akunakwenzeka. Oku kuthetha ukuba zininzi iinkampani ezithengisa abathengisi kunokuba unokucinga. Nanku umzekelo olula:
Qikelela inani lamaziko edatha yeLifu likaGoogle. Bathandathu kuphela kubo eYurophu. ELondon, eAmsterdam, eBrussels, eHelsinki, eFrankfurt naseZurich. Oko kukuthi, kuzo zonke iindawo zikahola wendlela. Ngenxa yokuba iziko ledatha liyabiza, linzima kwaye liyiprojekthi enkulu kakhulu. Ngoku khumbula iinkampani zokubamba indawo kwindawo ethile eMoscow “ezinamaziko edatha alishumi elinambini kulo lonke elaseRashiya naseYurophu.”
Kukho, ngokuqinisekileyo, akukho baboneleli abalungileyo abanamaqabane kwiprogram ye-White Label, kukho okwaneleyo, kwaye banikezela ngeenkonzo eziphezulu. Benza ukuba kunokwenzeka ukurenta umthamo kwi-EU kunye neRussian Federation ngaxeshanye ngefestile yesiphequluli esifanayo, ukwamkela intlawulo kwii-ruble, kungekhona ngemali yangaphandle, njalo njalo. Kodwa xa iimeko ezichazwe kwi-SLA zisenzeka, ziba ngabaxhamli bemeko efanayo nawe.
Oku kusikhumbuza kwakhona ukuba i-SLA ayinamsebenzi ukuba awuqondi ukuba umbutho kunye nobuchule bomthengisi awukho.
Yintoni ekupheleni
Ukuwa kweseva kusoloko kusisiganeko esingathandekiyo kwaye singenzeka nakubani na, naphi na. Umbuzo ngowokuba ungakanani ulawulo lwemeko oyifunayo. Ngoku akukho baninzi kakhulu ababoneleli ngokuthe ngqo bomthamo kwimarike, kwaye ukuba sithetha ngabadlali abakhulu, ngoko bangabanini, xa sithetha, i-DC enye kuphela kwindawo ethile eMoscow ngaphandle kweshumi elinesibini kulo lonke elaseYurophu onokufikelela kuyo.
Apha, umxhasi ngamnye kufuneka azenzele isigqibo: ngaba ndikhetha intuthuzelo ngoku okanye ndichitha ixesha kunye nomzamo wokukhangela iziko ledatha kwindawo eyamkelekileyo eRashiya okanye eYurophu, apho ndingabeka khona izixhobo zam okanye ndithenge umthamo. Kwimeko yokuqala, izisombululo ezisemgangathweni ezikhoyo ngoku kwimarike zifanelekile. Kweyesibini, kuya kufuneka ubile.
Okokuqala, kuyimfuneko ukugqiba ukuba umthengisi wenkonzo ngumnini othe ngqo wamaziko / iziko ledatha. Abathengisi abaninzi abasebenzisa imodeli ye-White Label bazama konke okusemandleni abo ukufihla isimo sabo, kwaye kule meko kufuneka ukhangele iimpawu ezingathanga ngqo. Umzekelo, ukuba "ii-DC zabo zaseYurophu" zinamagama athile kunye neelogo ezahlukileyo kwigama lenkampani yomthengisi. Okanye ukuba igama elithi “amaqabane” livela ndaweni ithile. Amaqabane = I-White Label kwi-95% yamatyala.
Okulandelayo, kufuneka uziqhelanise nesakhiwo senkampani ngokwayo, okanye kungcono, jonga izixhobo kumntu. Phakathi kwamaziko edatha, ukuziqhelanisa nohambo okanye amanqaku ohambo kwiwebhusayithi yabo okanye ibhlog ayintshanga (sibhale ngolo hlobo). и ), apho bathetha ngeziko labo ledatha kunye neefoto kunye neenkcazo ezicacileyo.
Ngamaziko amaninzi edatha, unokucwangcisa ukutyelela kwakho kwiofisi kunye ne-mini-excursion kwi-DC ngokwayo. Apho unokuvavanya inqanaba locwangco, mhlawumbi uya kukwazi ukunxibelelana nenye yeenjineli. Kucacile ukuba akukho mntu uya kukunika ukhenketho lwemveliso ukuba ufuna iseva enye ye-300 RUB / ngenyanga, kodwa ukuba ufuna umthamo onzulu, ngoko isebe lokuthengisa lingadibana nawe. Ngokomzekelo, siqhuba ukhenketho olunjalo.
Kwimeko nayiphi na into, ingqiqo kunye neemfuno zoshishino kufuneka zisetyenziswe. Umzekelo, ukuba ufuna isiseko esisasazwayo (ezinye zeeseva ziseRussian Federation, enye kwi-EU), kuya kuba lula kwaye kunenzuzo ngakumbi ukusebenzisa iinkonzo zabasingathi abanobudlelwane kunye ne-European DCs usebenzisa i-White Label. imodeli. Ukuba iziseko zakho zonke ziya kugxininiswa kwinqanaba elinye, oko kukuthi, kwiziko ledatha enye, ngoko kuyafaneleka ukuchitha ixesha elithile ekufumaneni umthengisi.
Kuba i-SLA eqhelekileyo ayinakukunceda. Kodwa ukusebenza kunye nomnini wezibonelelo, kwaye kungekhona umthengisi, kuya kukhawulezisa kakhulu isisombululo seengxaki ezinokwenzeka.
umthombo: www.habr.com