Ukuthatha indawo endaweni yokusebenza. Icandelo 2. Ukuqala. I-Hypervisor

Ngaphambili nqaku okukhethwa kukho kwaqwalaselwa ukuba yeyiphi na inkqubo ekhoyo enokutshintshwa ngayo njengenxalenye yokuphunyezwa komyalelo wokubuyisela endaweni. Amanqaku alandelayo aya kugxininisa ekukhetheni iimveliso ezithile eziza kuthatha indawo yezo zisetyenziswayo ngoku. Masiqale ngendawo yokuqala - inkqubo ye-virtualization.

1. Intlungu yokuzikhethela

Ngoko, unokukhetha ntoni? IN irejista yoMphathiswa weTelecom kunye noNxibelelwano lweSininzi kukho ukhetho:

• Inkqubo yokwenza iseva "R-Ukubonakalalisa» (libvirt, KVM, QEMU)
• Iphakheji yesoftware "Brest izixhobo zokusebenza» (libvirt, KVM, QEMU)
• Iqonga lokulawula kunye nokubeka iliso kubume be-virtualization "Sharx Stream" (isisombululo sefu esingafanelekanga kwiiofisi zikarhulumente kwi-95% yamatyala (imfihlo, njl.)
• Ipakethe yesoftware yokubonwa kweeseva, iidesktop kunye nezicelo "IMBUNGAZI"(KVM x86)
• Inkqubo yolawulo olukhuselekileyo lwemekobume ye-virtualization "Z|virt"(oVirt+KVM)
• Inkqubo yolawulo lokusingqongileyo "I-ROSA Virtualization"(oVirt+KVM)
• I-Hypervisor QP VMM (ifana kakhulu ne-Oracle Virtual Box ukuba ibe nantoni na eyenye)

Unokuthathela ingqalelo ii-hypervisors ezibandakanyiweyo kunikezelo lwe-OS okanye zibekwe kwindawo yazo yokugcina. Umzekelo, iAstra Linux inenkxaso ye-KVM. Kwaye ekubeni ifakwe kwii-OS zokugcina, inokuqwalaselwa "isemthethweni" yofakelo kunye nokusetyenziswa. "Yintoni enokusetyenziswa njengenxalenye yokutshintshwa kwempahla kunye nokuba yintoni engenakukwazi" kwaxoxwa ngayo ngaphambili nqaku, ngoko andiyi kuhlala kulo mbandela.

Enyanisweni, apha uluhlu lwe Astra Linux izixhobo virtualization:

• VirtualBox
• Virt-umphathi (KVM) Ukhozi lwangoku
• libvirt ngaphezulu kwe-KVM

I-ROSA Linux ayinalo uluhlu olunjalo, kodwa ungalufumana kwi-wiki ezi phakheji zilandelayo:

• I-ROSA Virtualization ngaphaya kwe-oVirt ngaphaya kwe-KVM
• IQEMU ngaphezulu kwe-KVM
• oVirt 3.5 ngaphezulu kwe-KVM

Bala unale nto IQEMU ngaphezulu kwe-KVM

Alt Linux iyafana KVM

1.2. Kukho enye KODWA

Ekuphononongeni ngokusondeleyo, sigqiba kwelokuba kuya kufuneka sijongane nee-hypervisors ezimbalwa ezaziwayo, ezizezi:

1. KVM
2. VirtualBox
3. IQEMU

IQEMU yinkqubo ekhululekileyo nevulekileyo yomthombo wokulinganisa ihardware yamaqonga ahlukeneyo, anokusebenza ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-KVM, kodwa ukusebenzisa i-hardware virtualization ikhawulezisa kakhulu ukusebenza kweenkqubo zeendwendwe, ngoko ke ukusebenzisa i-KVM kwi-QEMU (-yenza-kvm) yeyona ndlela ikhethwayo. (c) Oko kukuthi, i-QEMU luhlobo lwe-2 hypervisor, engamkelekanga kwindawo yemveliso. Nge-KVM ingasetyenziswa, kodwa kule meko i-QEMU iya kusetyenziswa njengesixhobo solawulo se-KVM...

Ukusebenzisa eyokuqala VirtualBox kurhwebo ngokwenene ukwaphulwa kwelayisensi: “Ukuqalela kuhlelo 4, olukhutshwe ngoDisemba 2010, inxalenye ephambili yemveliso isasazwa simahla phantsi kwelayisensi yeGPL v2. Iphakheji eyongezelelweyo efakwe phezu kwayo, inikezela ngenkxaso ye-USB 2.0 kunye nezixhobo ze-3.0, iProtocol ye-Remote Desktop (RDP), i-encryption ye-drive, i-booting esuka kwi-NVMe kunye ne-PXE, ihanjiswa phantsi kwelayisensi ekhethekileyo ye-PUEL ("ukusetyenziswa komntu kunye nokuvavanya"). , apho inkqubo isimahla yokusetyenziswa komntu, ngeenjongo zoqeqesho, okanye ukuvavanya phambi kokuba ugqibe ukuthenga inguqulelo yorhwebo." (c) Plus VirtualBox ikwaluhlobo 2 hypervisor, ngoko ke iyanyamalala.

Iyonke: kwimo yayo ecocekileyo sinayo kuphela KVM.

2. Okunye: KVM okanye KVM?

Ukuba usafuna ukutshintshela kwi-hypervisor "yasekhaya", ukhetho lwakho, ukuthetha ngokungafihlisiyo, luncinci. Iza kuba yi KVM kwisonga esinye okanye kwenye, ngohlengahlengiso oluthile, kodwa izakuba yi-KVM. Nokuba oku kulungile okanye kubi ngomnye umbuzo; akukabikho nto yimbi.

Ukuba iimeko azikho ngqongqo kangako, ke, njengoko kuxoxwe ngazo ngaphambili nqaku: “Kufuneka sizise izikhombisi kwimida emiselweyo. Enyanisweni, oku kuthetha ukuba kufuneka sithathe indawo ye-OS ekhoyo kunye neemveliso ezivela kwi-Ministry of Telecom kunye ne-Mass Communications registry kunye nokwandisa inani leenkqubo zokusebenza ezitshintshiweyo ukuya kwi-80% .... Ngoko, sinokushiya ngokukhuselekileyo i-cluster kwi-Hyper-V. , kuba sinayo kwaye siyayithanda... "(c) Ke sijongene nokukhetha: Microsoft Hyper-v okanye KVM. KVM mhlawumbi ngolawulo "lukrwelwe" kuyo, kodwa iya kuhlala injalo KVM.

Ezi mveliso zikude ukuthelekiswa Kanye, kungekhona Kabini, kungekhona amaxa amathathu...Ke, uyaqonda...

Malunga nokusasazwa kunye noqwalaselo KVM yayingabhalwanga ngendlela enye Kanye, kungekhona Kabini, kungekhona amaxa amathathu kwaye hayi amaxesha amane... Ngelizwi elinye, yaphela.

Okufanayo kuya IMicrosoft Hyper-V..

Andiboni sizathu sokuphindaphinda kwaye ndichaze ezi nkqubo, ukuthelekisa, njl. Unako, ngokuqinisekileyo, ukukhupha amanqaku aphambili kumanqaku, kodwa oku kuya kuba kukungabahloniphi ababhali, ndicinga ukuba. Nabani na omele akhethe akayi kufunda oku kuphela, kodwa kunye nentaba yolwazi ukwenza ingqondo yakhe.

Umahluko kuphela endifuna ukugxila kuwo yi-failover clustering. Ukuba iMicrosoft inale nto yakhelwe kwi-OS kunye nokusebenza kwe-hypervisor, ngoko kwimeko ye-KVM kuya kufuneka usebenzise isoftware yomntu wesithathu, ekufuneka ibandakanywe kwii-OS zokugcina. Indibaniselwano efanayo yeCorosync + Pacemaker, umzekelo. (Phantse zonke iinkqubo zokusebenza zasekhaya zinolu kudibanisa ... mhlawumbi zonke, kodwa andizange ndihlolisise i-100% yazo.) Iincwadana zokumisela i-clustering nazo zifumaneka ngobuninzi.

3. Isiphelo

Ewe, njengesiqhelo, iiKulibins zethu azizange zikhathaze, bathatha oko babenakho, bongeza okuncinci kwabo, kwaye bavelisa "imveliso" ethi, ngokutsho kwamaxwebhu, yasekhaya, kodwa ngokwenene i-OpenSource. Ngaba kunengqiqo ukuchitha imali kwibhajethi kwiinkqubo "ezihlukeneyo" ze-virtualization (funda: ayifakwanga kwi-OS)? Musa ukucinga. Kuba useza kufumana i-KVM efanayo, kuya kufuneka uyihlawule kuphela.

Ke, ukukhetha indawo ye-hypervisor yehla kweyiphi iseva OS oza kuyithengela iShishini kwaye usebenze. Okanye, njengakwimeko yam, uya kuhlala nento osele unayo (Hyper-VESXi insert_needed).

umthombo: www.habr.com