Siqhubeka nochungechunge lwethu lwamanqaku malunga nokufakwa endaweni. Iimpapasho zangaphambili zixubushile , kwaye ngokuthe ngqo .
Ngoku lithuba lokuthetha malunga neenkqubo zokusebenza "zasekhaya" ezibandakanyiweyo Kule mihla.
0. Indawo yokuqala
Ndizibambe ndicinga ukuba andazi ukuba zeziphi iiparamitha zokuthelekisa ukuhanjiswa kweLINUX. Ndikhwele phakathi , ayizange icace ngakumbi. Yeyiphi imilinganiselo emayiqwalaselwe? Yintoni omele uyithathe njengesiqalo? Mna ke, eyona khrayitheriya ibalulekileyo ye-OS yeseva luzinzo. Kodwa ngaphakathi kwesakhelo sokuvavanya, igama elithi "uzinzo" livakala ubuncinane lingaqhelekanga. Ewe, ndiya kugabha kwinkqubo esetyenzisiweyo ngeveki ... Kodwa iveki ayibonakalisi kwihlabathi apho iminyaka embalwa yexesha elingenalo ixabiso eliqhelekileyo. Uvavanyo loxinzelelo? Indlela yokulayisha inkqubo kwindawo yokumisa? Ngaphezu koko, yi-OS efuna ukulayishwa, kwaye kungekhona isicelo, kwaye ilayishwe ukuze iphazamise ... Kwaye ukuba akukho namnye kubo ophazamisayo, ukuthelekisa njani?..
Kodwa ke ndafikelela kwisigqibo sokuba uzinzo lunokuphuculwa ngokwemeko ukusuka kwikhithi yokuhambisa enguyise we-OS "yasekhaya". Kwi-Astra, umzekelo, le yi-Debian, ye-ROSA - i-Red Hat, ye-Calculate - Gentoo, njl. Kwaye kuphela ngenxa ye-Alt iye yachithwa kwi-Mandriva kwakudala kangangokuba inokuthathwa njengosasazo oluzimeleyo (ngokunxulumene nazo zonke ezinye ii-OS "zasekhaya"). Kodwa nceda ukhumbule ukuba konke oku kuxhomekeke kakhulu, kuba akwaziwa ukuba ngabagqibeli bafake ntoni kwiikhowudi zomthombo, kwaye yintoni eyatshintshwayo njengenxalenye yokwandisa ukhuseleko lwe-OS.
Ikhrayitheriya ejongwe ngakumbi kukubunjwa kweepakethe zokuhanjiswa kwe-OS kunye neepakethe kwindawo yazo yokugcina. Kodwa kulo mba kufuneka siqhubele phambili kwiimfuno eziyimfuneko. Ndinemisebenzi yam ekufuneka isonjululwe, unayo eyakho, kwaye indlela yokukhetha isoftware kufuneka ibe yile: "Umsebenzi kukhetha isoftware," kwaye hayi ngokuchaseneyo, njengoko kuqhele ukwenzeka kwizinto ezingenzi nzuzo. .
Ke, nazi iinkonzo ekufuneka zimiselwe xa "uhamba":
- Iseva yemeyile
- Zabbix
- DBMS
- umncedisi wewebhu
- Umncedisi weJabber
- Ugcino
- Indawo yeofisi
- I-SUFD kunye nabathengi beBhanki
- Umxhasi wemeyile
- Isikhangeli
AD, DNS, DHCP, CertService hlala kwiiseva zikaWindows (iingcaciso malunga noku zinikwe ). Kodwa ngobulungisa, ndiyaqaphela ukuba iNkonzo yoLawulo inokuphakanyiswa kwi-SAMBA okanye i-FreeIPA efanayo, kwaye ezinye izinikezelo zibanga "ezabo" iinkonzo zesikhokelo (i-Astra Linux Directory, ALT, ROSA Directory, Lotos Directory). I-DNS kunye ne-DHCP zikwaxhaswa nakweyiphi na i-Linux yosasazo, kodwa ayinguye wonke umntu ofuna iseva yesatifikethi.
Iseva yemeyile. Ndiyathanda zimbra. Ndisebenze nayo, ilungile, inokubuyisela idatha kwi-Exchange, inokwenza ezinye izinto ezininzi. Kodwa inokubekwa kuphela kwiROSA Linux. Ungayifaka kwezinye ii-OS, kodwa aziyi kuthathwa njengesemthethweni. Kwelinye icala, inkqubo nganye “yasekhaya” ineseti yayo yeeseva zeposi; Ndabaleka ndaya eZimbra.
Zabbix. Akanaye umntu okhuphisana naye. Nangakumbi kwisakhelo sokutshintshwa kwempahla engaphandle. I-Zabbix ifakwe kwi-Alt Linux, iRED OS, i-Astra kunye neROSA. Iphawulwe "engazinzanga".
DBMS. PostgreSQL xhasa zonke ii-OS "zasekhaya".
umncedisi wewebhu. Apache ifumaneka kuzo zonke iinkqubo zokusebenza zeseva.
Umncedisi weJabber. Ngokubanzi, kucetywa ukwazisa Bitrix24, kodwa ndiqhele ukuba yonke into yenzeka ixesha elide kakhulu, kwaye ngoko ke ndiqwalasela ukhetho lwengxoxo yenkampani esekelwe kwi-jabber. Ndiqhelile Umlilo ovulekileyo. Ungaphakathi . Kukwakho ne-ejabberd njengenxalenye yeROSA, Alt, RED OS kunye ne-Astra.
Ugcino. Kukho IBacula, ifakwe kwi-Astra, Rosa, Alt, Calculate, AlterOS.
Indawo yeofisi. Iofisi yasimahla Kwiofisi ikhona kubo bonke abaxumi (kwaye amaxesha amaninzi iseva) iinkqubo zokusebenza "zasekhaya".
Umxhasi wemeyile. Thunderbird ikhona kubo bonke abaxumi (kwaye amaxesha amaninzi iseva) iinkqubo zokusebenza "zasekhaya".
Isikhangeli. Ubuncinci Mozilla Firefox ziyafumaneka kuzo zonke ii-OS. Isikhangeli seYandex Unako kwakhona ukuyifaka kuyo yonke OS.
С I-SUFD kunye nabathengi beBhanki yonke into intsonkothe ngakumbi. Ngokusemthethweni, konke oku kunokusebenza phantse kuzo zonke iinkqubo zokusebenza "zasekhaya". Enyanisweni, kunzima kakhulu ukuvavanya oku, kuba kufuneka uthathe umsebenzisi, umzise kumatshini phantsi kovavanyo kwaye uthi "zama." Oku kugcwele. Ngoko okokuqala ndiya kushiya iskimu esidala - umatshini obonakalayo kumxhasi ngamnye weBhanki kunye neWindows kunye nomqondiso othunyelwe kuwo. Ngethamsanqa, iLinux iyayazi indlela yokuthumela iithokheni ngokuchanekileyo. Kwaye kuya kubonakala khona.
Okulandelayo, masiqhubeke ekukhetheni iiNkqubo zokuSebenza ezihambelana neemfuno zethu. Kodwa ngenxa yenjongo, ndizamile ukugubungela uninzi lweenkqubo zokusebenza kangangoko kunokwenzeka kwiSebe lezoNxibelelwano kunye nerejista yeMisa yeMedia.
1. Ungakhetha ntoni
Uluhlu olukwirejista yoMphathiswa weTelecom kunye noNxibelelwano lweMisa lubanzi kakhulu, kodwa emva kwentlanganiso yebhunga leengcali kwisoftware yaseRussia phantsi koMphathiswa weTelecom kunye noNxibelelwano lweMisa yaseRussia, kwagqitywa ekubeni «Ulyanovsk.BSD«,«RED OS"Kwaye"I-axis«.
Iinkqubo endizibone ziyimfuneko "ukuchukumisa":
- I-Astra Linux
- Alto
- Bala iLinux
- PINK Linux
- RED OS
- AlterOS
- WTware
Iinkqubo eziphakamisa imibuzo emininzi kuneempendulo (kum):
- Ulyanovsk.BSD
- I-axis
- QP OS
- Alpha OS
- OS LOTUS
- IHaloOS
Ekuqaleni ndandifuna ukubonelela ngezikrini, iinkcazo, iimpawu ze-OS nganye ... Kodwa konke oku kwakusele kukho. Kukho inqwaba yezithombe-skrini kwiiwebhusayithi zabaphuhlisi, iinkcazo zikhona kwaye kumakhulu amanqaku kwesi sihloko kwi-RuNet, iinkcazo zamathuba anokufumaneka nakwiiwebhusayithi ezisemthethweni ... Kodwa ukuba awuboneleli nayiphi na " ukuziqhelanisa”, ke yonke into iya kuphinda yehle ithiyori, njengoko kwakunjalo kumanqaku amabini okuqala. Ividiyo? kukho kwakhona ... Kuya kubakho ipleyiti yesishwankathelo, ngokuqinisekileyo, kodwa oko akukwenzi ...
Ke ekugqibeleni ndigqibe ekubeni ndibhale nje izimvo zam kunye neengcinga malunga ne-distro nganye ngelixa ndivavanya. Ewe, iluncedo ngakumbi, kwaye ayiloncedo kangako, ulwazi.
1.1. Astra Linux
Iinguqulelo zangoku:
Ushicilelo oluqhelekileyo lwe-Astra Linux-2.12
Ushicilelo olukhethekileyo lwe-Astra Linux-1.6
Ulwabiwo lwabazali yiDebian.
Ukuqulunqwa kweepakethe zesoftware kunokujongwa . (Iqhosha elithi “Iinkcukacha” ezingabonakaliyo phantsi kwemifanekiso yesoftware enegama kwicandelo elithi “UHLELO LWENKQUBO YOKUSEBENZA”.)
Kuthatha ixesha elide kakhulu ukuhlohla. Kuthathe phantse iyure enesiqingatha ukuhambisa i-OS kumatshini obonakalayo ... Oko kukuthi, ukuba kukho imfuneko yokuyithumela kwiiPC ze-1500 kwisizinda, kuya kuthatha ixesha elide.
Le yiDebian. Eli lilifa leDebian. I-Astra ineephakheji ezindala ngakumbi kunomzali wayo, kokubini kulwakhiwo nakwindawo yokugcina. Ukuba kukho imfuno engxamisekileyo, kuyenzeka ukuqhagamshela indawo yokugcina yeDebian, nangona kunjalo, oku kurhoxisa ngokuzenzekelayo naluphi na ukutshintshwa ngaphandle (kulo mzekelo, ungahlaziya inkqubo esuka kuhlaziyo lweDebian apt && apt upgrade repository, kwaye izakuqhubeka ukusebenza. ... nangona kunjalo, andiqinisekanga ukuba sigqibelele ngerhamncwa elinjani, ndamdubula ngenxa yenceba nje..).
Idesktop "Bhabha". Ngokomgaqo, i-GUI ayiyimfuneko kumncedisi konke konke, nangona yenza lula ezinye izenzo. Kodwa kumsebenzisi we-OS akukho ndawo ngaphandle kwayo. Ngokubanzi, ishiya imbonakalo emnandi, ngelixa isondele kakhulu kwiWindows, eya kwenza lula ukutshintshela kule OS kubasebenzisi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kuninzi "-Fly" kwinkqubo, kwaye konke oku kukuphuhliswa kwe-JSC NPO RusBITech. Iihotkeys zisebenza ngendlela efanayo njengoko zisenza kwiWindows. Win+E ivula uMhloli, Win ivula ibar yomsebenzi, njl. Ngokubanzi, ngokucacileyo, abaphuhlisi bazame ukuzisa ukubonakala ngokusondeleyo kwiWindows.
I-OS ijoyina i-AD, ikuvumela ukuba uqwalasele ugunyaziso, njl. Ngexesha lovavanyo, ibonakalise ukuba izinzile (ukuze kube nokugwetywa ngexesha lokusebenza kovavanyo), ingenangqondo kwaye ilula kwaye imnandi iDebian OS.
Ukuba uyanqwenela, ungafaka iipakethe ngaphandle kwendawo yokugcina. Ndizamile usebenzisa i-OpenFire njengomzekelo. Ukhuphela iphakheji yeDebian, kwaye yonke into ifakwe ngokulula.
Ukusombulula iingxaki zam, inokusetyenziswa njengeqonga lokuthumela iZabbix, iseva yeJabber, iPosgreSQL, iApache. Njenge-OS yesiko, iyanelisa zonke iimfuno (ujongano oluhle, iLibreOffice, iThunderbird, iFirefox). Andizange ndiyivavanye i-SUFD kunye ne-Bank Client.
I-Special Edition ihluke kwi-Common Edition kwi-Special ifanelekile ukusebenza kunye neemfihlo zombuso kunye namanye amaxwebhu ayimfihlo, kuqinisekisiwe oku. Isiqhelo yi-OS "eqhelekileyo", ingasetyenziselwa apho isatifikethi singafuneki, kwaye akukho mfuneko yokusebenza ngemfihlo.
Ixabiso lelayisensi yoshicilelo olu-1 olulodwaIxabiso: RUB 14
Ixabiso lelayisensi ye-1 Common EditionIxabiso: RUB 3
1.2. Alto
Ukuhanjiswa komzali - Alt Linux (ngo-2000, iMandrakeLinux yathathwa njengesiseko)
Into yokuqala eyandothusayo yayiyi-installer. Ngaphambi kokubhala eli nqaku, ndandingenawo amava kule nkqubo, kwaye ndandivuyiswa kakhulu ngumfaki.
Ndiyithande kakhulu iseva ye-OS; Ndingathumela yonke into endiyifunayo kuyo, ngaphandle kweZimbra njengenxalenye yokungenisa endaweni, kunjalo. Ungakwazi kwakhona ukuhambisa umlawuli wesizinda (kukho ukuphunyezwa kwakho ngokusekelwe kwi-OpenLDAP kunye ne-MIT Kerberos).
Kumncedisi kukho i desktop ye KDE. Akukho tshintsho lukhoyo kuyo xa kuthelekiswa nelokuqala. Ingxaki kukuba i KDE ayenzekanga naluphi na utshintsho kumsebenzisi we-OS nokuba, into ethetha ukuba abasebenzisi baya kubhomboloza ngenxa yomkhwa.
Inzuzo ephambili yenkqubo kukuba iphuhliswe eRashiya phantse iminyaka engama-20. Inesethi ebanzi yesoftware kwindawo yokugcina kunye nesiseko solwazi olubanzi.
Ndingathanda ukuqaphela ukuba i-Basalt SPO ngabafana abakhulu. Benza into eyeyabo kakade xa yayingekabikho owona mjelo uphambili, kwaye bayaqhubeka besenza njalo. Kwaye benza kakuhle.
Ixabiso lelayisensi yeseva enyeIxabiso: RUB 10
Umthengi OSIxabiso: RUB 4
1.3. Bala iLinux
Ukuhanjiswa komzali - Gentoo
Ungajonga iipakethe .
Kukho iintlelo ezinokuphunyezwa kwe-GUI eyahlukeneyo, kukho ininzi yokukhetha kuyo ukuze kube lula kubasebenzisi. Uhlelo lwe KDE, umzekelo, lusondele kakhulu kwi Windows.
Ngenxa yokuba ukuvela kusetyenziselwa ukufakela iipakethi, ukuseta indawo yokusebenzela kuthatha ixesha elininzi ukuba kwenziwa ngesandla. I-Ansible iya kuba luncedo kakhulu apha, kodwa kufanelekile ukuqwalasela zonke iinketho.
Inkqubo inokuhlaziya ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye inokusebenza kwi-AD domain.
Inzuzo enkulu ye-OS, ngokombono wam, yi-Calculate Console, into elula kakhulu kwaye iluncedo.
Ukubala akukho nkxaso.
Ngokubanzi, inkqubo ifanelwe ingqalelo; inokuxhasa phantse zonke iinkonzo endizidingayo: i-Zabbix (iyabuza, idinga ukuvavanywa kwindawo yokuvelisa), iseva yejabber, iPosgreSQL, iApache. Njenge-OS yesiko, iyanelisa zonke iimfuno (ujongano oluhle, iLibreOffice, iThunderbird, iFirefox). Andizange ndiyivavanye i-SUFD kunye ne-Bank Client.
Ixabiso ngelayisensi nganye: mahhala
1.4. I-ROSA Linux
Iinguqulelo zangoku:
Iseva ye-ROSA Enterprise Linux - 6.9
I-ROSA Enterprise Desktop - 11
Ukuhanjiswa komzali - Mandriva
Umsebenzisi we-OS akaqalisi kwi-Hyper-V. Nditsho nomfakeli akanakuqalisa. “Umsebenzi wokuqalisa uyasebenza de kugqitywe inkqubo yokuqalisa ..” Kuye kwafuneka ndiyisebenzise kwiPC.
I-desktop ye-KDE ekuphunyezweni kwe-ROSA isondele kwi-Windows, elungele umsebenzisi we-OS. Kukho iinketho nge-GNOME, LXQt, Xfce, kuninzi onokukhetha kuzo. Ingxaki kuphela kukuba uguqulelo lweLibreOffice ludala.
Ukwakhiwa kwesoftware kunokufumaneka kwi
Umncedisi we-OS ungqineke uzinzile. Le nkqubo ingasetyenziselwa ukuqhuba zonke iinkonzo ezinomdla kum, kubandakanywa neZimbra.
Uyayazi indlela yokusebenza ngeAD kwaye unokungena ngayo. Inokuthi isebenze njengomncedisi wogunyaziso. Kubandakanya kukho ukuphunyezwa kwayo komlawuli wesizinda - i-RDS, eyenziwe ngesiseko se-freeIPA.
Ixabiso lelayisensi yeseva enyeIxabiso: RUB 10
Umthengi OSIxabiso: RUB 3
1.5. RED OS
Ngokufanayo nakwimeko ye-Astra - ukufakela ixesha elide. Iyure enesiqingatha +-
Ukuhanjiswa komzali - Umnqwazi obomvu
Iseti esisiseko yeepakethe inokujongwa . . .
Idesktop yi KDE. Ngotshintsho oluncinci ukusuka kweyokuqala. Iiphephadonga azikruquli kwaye ii-icon zibomvu.
Inguqulo ye-Linux kernel yenye yeendlela zamva nje zokusebenza "zasekhaya" kwimarike.
Ibambelela kwi-AD, ugunyaziso lunokuqwalasela.
Ukubuyela kwinto yokuba i-GUI ayibalulekanga kumncedisi, i-RED HAT yi-RED HAT. Izinzile, ibhaliwe, kwaye kukho amanqaku amaninzi malunga nendlela yokuseta nantoni na.
Ndingatsho ngokuzithemba ukuba inkqubo ayimbi. Ukusombulula iingxaki zam, inokusetyenziswa njengeqonga lokuthumela iZabbix, iseva yeJabber, iPosgreSQL, iApache. Akukho Bacula kuyo. Njengomsebenzisi we-OS, iyazanelisa ubukhulu becala iimfuno (i-LibreOffice iphelelwe lixesha, iThunderbird kunye neFirefox zikhona). Andizange ndiyivavanye i-SUFD kunye ne-Bank Client.
Ixabiso lelayisensi yeseva enyeIxabiso: RUB 13
Umthengi OSIxabiso: RUB 5
1.6. AlterOS
Iinguqulelo zangoku:
Umncedisi - 7.5
Idesktop - 1.6
Ukuhanjiswa komzali - vulaSUSE
Ngalo lonke ukufakwa, kunye nokusebenzisa i-OS, bendinemvakalelo enamandla yokuba ndisebenza neCentOS, hayi nge-openSUSE.
Ukuqinisekiswa komsebenzisi kuthatha malunga nemizuzwana engama-20, nto leyo ebangela ubuncinci ukubhideka.
Kumatshini obonakalayo kwindawo ye-Hyper-V, i-cursor ye-mouse ibonakale ingabonakali ... Yasebenza, igxininise amaqhosha, icofa kubo, kodwa andizange ndiyibone. Ukuqalisa kwakhona akuzange kuncede, andikasiboni ikhesa.
Kwakungenakwenzeka ukufumana uluhlu olunokwakheka kweepakethe zesoftware, ke kuye kwafuneka ndijonge kwindawo yokugcina izinto ngesandla. Asikwazanga ukugrumba yonke into esiyifunayo, kodwa ngokubanzi sifumene izinto ezininzi.
I desktop ye KDE enenkxaso ye hotkey iluncedo kakhulu. Uyilo luhle, lusondele kwiWindows, olulungele abasebenzisi bokuphela. Ngokubanzi, i-GUI indonile, ukuba ayiyompazamo (okanye inqaku) ngekhesa engabonakaliyo.
Uyayazi indlela yokusebenza ngeAD kwaye unokungena ngayo. Inokuthi isebenze njengomncedisi wogunyaziso.
Andizange ndibe neengxaki nge-AlterOS, ngaphandle kwekhesa, ngoko ke inkqubo iyasebenza.
Ukusombulula iingxaki zam, inokusetyenziswa njengeqonga lokuthumela iPosgreSQL, iApache. Njenge-OS yesiko, iyanelisa zonke iimfuno (ujongano oluhle, iLibreOffice, iThunderbird, iFirefox). Andizange ndiyivavanye i-SUFD kunye ne-Bank Client.
ngohlobo lwemifanekiso kunye namaxwebhu.
Ixabiso lelayisensi enyeIxabiso: RUB 11
1.7. WTware
I-WTware ayinakubizwa ngokuba yi-OS ngendlela eqhelekileyo yeli gama. Le nkqubo isongezo kwi-OS yomncedisi, ukuyijika ibe yi-RDP yokudibanisa abaxhasi ababhityileyo, yipakethe evumela abathengi ababhityileyo ukuba baqale phezu kwenethiwekhi. Ixhasa i-Windows Server ukusuka kwi-2000 ukuya kwi-2016, i-Hyper-V VDI, i-Windows remote control, i-xrdp kwi-Linux, i-Mac Terminal Server.
Iqulethe iseva ye-TFTP eyenzelwe ukuba abathengi bakwazi ukukhuphela kwinethiwekhi, iseva ye-HTTP esebenza ngokubambisana ne-TFTP, kunye nomncedisi we-DHCP wokukhupha iidilesi ze-IP kubaxhasi. Isenokuqalisa oomatshini bomthengi ukusuka kwi-hdd, CD-ROM okanye i-flash drive.
Isoftware ilungile .
iindleko nganye iilayisensi:
1 - 9 iilayisensi: 1000 ruble
10 - 19 iilayisensi: 600 ruble
20 - 49 iilayisensi: 500 ruble
50 - 99 iilayisensi: 400 ruble
Iilayisensi ezili-100 okanye ngaphezulu: ii-ruble ezingama-350
1.8. Ulyanovsk.BSD
Iinguqulelo zangoku:
Ulyanovsk.BSD 12.0 UKUKHULULWA P3
Ukuhanjiswa komzali - FreeBSD
Njengoko kubhaliwe ngasentla, i-Ulyanovsk.BSD inalo lonke ithuba lokususwa kwirejista yoMphathiswa weTelecom kunye noNxibelelwano lweMisa, ekubeni isekelwe kwi-FreeBSD, ngokuqinisekileyo ayifani neyokuqala, kwaye isebenzisa indawo yayo yokugcina, ethi, ngaphakathi kwesakhelo. yokungenisa endaweni endaweni, kubangela ukubhideka okubi ngokwemiqathango yento enokuthathwa njengesoftware esemthethweni.
Ulyanovsk.BSD "yaphuhliswa" ngumntu omnye. Kukho into endixelela ukuba kuncinci okutshintshileyo ngaphakathi xa kuthelekiswa nokuhanjiswa kweFreeBSD yomzali. Ngelizwi, andiyi kuqwalasela nokuba, nangona ndiza kubonelela ngedatha kwitheyibhile yesishwankathelo, ukuze ndicacise.
Ngaphezu koko, ukuhanjiswa okukhutshelweyo akuzange kuqale kwi-Hyper-V nokuba kungaphakathi Windows 10 okanye kwindawo yeqela le-2012R2. I-hypervisor khange ibone ukuba iqale phi. Ndagqiba kwelokuba andiyidingi ngeli xesha...
Andiyiboni ingongoma ekubhaleni enye into, kukho ukuphononongwa okuninzi kwi-FreeBSD, ngoko ke masiqhubele phambili kwaye singahlali.
Ixabiso lelayisensi enye: 500 rub.
1.9. I-axis
Inguqulelo yamva nje: - 2.1
Ukuhanjiswa komzali - CentOS
Ukusukela ekubhalweni kwenqaku elidlulileyo, imeko yewebhusayithi ye-OS ayitshintshanga; ikhonkco lokukhuphela lisasebenza. Umlingane Ndongeze ikhonkco kwiikiti zokusabalalisa kwizimvo, ngenxa yeNdoda. Kodwa eyona nyaniso yokuba abaphuhlisi abakaphenduli kwisicelo sam, kukho iingxaki kwisiza kunye nokufakwa kwe-OS kwirejista yoMphathiswa weTelecom kunye noNxibelelwano lweMisa kuye kwabizwa umbuzo, ayikhuphi eyona nto intle. iingcinga malunga namathemba. Ubuncinci, ndiyaqala ukuthembela kumbono wokuba akusekho mfuneko yokulinda uhlaziyo lwe-OS, kwaye ukuba kunjalo, qwalasela inkqubo efileyo.
Ingcamango yokuyeka inkxaso iphinda ixhaswe yinto yokuba umyalelo wohlaziyo we-yum ubuyisela "Akukho phakheji eziphawulwe ukuhlaziywa", oko kukuthi, ukususela ekukhululweni kokugqibela kwe-2018.11.23, sele sele iinyanga ezintandathu, akukho nto itshintshileyo kwindawo yokugcina. .
I-OS OS yiseti esemgangathweni yomsebenzi, akukho nto ingaphezu kwesiqhelo.
Ufakelo lukhawuleza kakhulu (ngokunxulumene nazo zonke ezinye izinikezelo). Indawo yokugcina incinci kakhulu, inguqulo ye-Linux kernel indala kakhulu - 3.10.0, kwaye iipakethi zesoftware ziphelelwe lixesha.
Andizange ndiyithande ngokwenene i-GUI. Akwenziwanga kuphela ibar yomsebenzi ngokungaqhelekanga (uluhlu ngasekunene, amaqhosha ekhohlo), kodwa alunalwazi. Kungenxa kanye ngenxa yee-GUI ezinjalo ukuba abasebenzisi abaqhelekileyo bayithiyile iLinux kuyo yonke imiboniso yayo...
Ekuphela kwento endiyithandayo kwaye ndabambelela kuyo ngumdlalo owakhelwe ngaphakathi ngo-2048... Ndichithe malunga nemizuzu eyi-15 ndiwudlala de ndabuyela ezingqondweni...
Ixabiso lelayisensi: mahhala
1.10. QP OS
"I-QP OS ayiyona i-clone yayo nayiphi na enye inkqubo yokusebenza kwaye yaphuhliswa ukususela ekuqaleni ..." (c) I-Cryptosoft ibonisa le "yodwa" njengenxalenye yenkqubo yayo, kodwa ngokwenene, kule nto sinokugqiba ukuba akukho iibugs ezichongiweyo “ Kukho iitoni zeempawu kuyo, kwaye ngabaphuhlisi kuphela abanokuyilawula, nto leyo ehlisa kakhulu ixabiso layo emehlweni abalawuli benkqubo.
Inqaku elidlulileyo libangele ukusabela kwinkampani ye-Cryptosoft. Ummeli wabo wabhalisa kuHabré kuphela ukuchaza "fi" yakhe. Izimvo zaba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Nto leyo yandixelela okuninzi malunga neziqinisekiso zomphuhlisi. Emva kwesi sitatimende esisemthethweni, ndathatha isigqibo ngokwam ukuba andiyi kuza ngaphakathi kweekhilomitha zeemveliso zabo. Ukuba umphuhlisi uthi "ukwahlulwa kwe-hypervisors kwiintlobo yinto ehambelanayo," ngoko akayiqondi ngokucacileyo into athetha ngayo. Kodwa, ndagqiba ekubeni ndibe nenjongo kwaye ndacela ukuhanjiswa kovavanyo. Khange ndifumane mpendulo. C.T.D.
Enyanisweni, i-Cryptosoft ilungile. Ngokwenene benza into entsha, into yabo, kwaye isimo sam sengqondo kubo sisekelwe kwingqiqo yabo engaqhelekanga (kunye nengxelo yomntu obhale izimvo egameni labo kwinqaku elidlulileyo). Kodwa kufanelekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba banendlela engaqhelekanga kakhulu yophuhliso lojongano. Ngokomzekelo, i-interface yabo ye-hypervisor yi-99.99% ikopishwe kwi-VirtualBox (kubandakanywa "uyilo" lwamaqhosha ..), i-QP DB Manager Tool interface ivela kuVeeam, njl.
Ixabiso:
Esinye isizathu sokuba ndingafuni ukuzibandakanya ne-QP kukungabikho kwe-OS yokuthengisa simahla.
1.11. Alpha OS
Ngokucacileyo, akukho OS enjalo. Ndiza kucacisa ukuba kutheni. Ayinakuthengwa. Ayinakukhutshelwa (kwanakwiisayithi ezivaliweyo, ukuba uyayazi into endiyithethayo). Inenkcazo kuphela, iqela elivaliweyo kwi-VK, ividiyo enye kwitshaneli ye-YouTube kunye newebhusayithi enenkcazo (izikrini ezininzi kunye nevidiyo). Konke. Ayikahlaziywa unyaka wonke. Kwaye akukho mntu uphendule ileta yam ngesicelo sokuthenga.
Ngokwenkcazo, oku kuphantse kube yi-gluing ethanjiswe nguThixo ye-MacOS eneWindows. Kukho uguqulelo lwabaxhasi kuphela; akukho nguqulelo yeseva. Imnandi, kwaye iphepha lodonga alikruquli ... Nangona ukuzithengisa kwabo kuhlekisa. Iingxoxo ezixhasa iAlpha OS zivakala ngolu hlobo: “Ukuba kukho indawo kwitheyibhile yabasebenzi yengcali kwimultimedia okanye kwizixhobo zentengiso, kuya kufuneka ukhuphe i-ruble eyongezelelweyo ye-21 ngonyaka kwisicelo ngasinye esiya kufuneka kumsebenzi wakhe wobugcisa:
— ukusetyenzwa kwemizobo yeraster: I-Adobe Photoshop Creative Cloud ~ RUB 21. enyakeni"(c) Kwaye ke intsomi yokuba uAlpha une-GIMP yasimahla... Kwaye akukho lizwi malunga nokuba iyafumaneka kwiWindows...
Ixabiso:
Ii-OS azifumaneki ukuba zithengiswe naxa ucelwe ngokuthe ngqo kumphuhlisi.
1.12. OS LOTUS
«Akukho kusasazwa kovavanyo lweLotus OS kwindalo Kukho izizathu ezininzi zoku.
Unokuthenga ilayisenisi enye kwi-softline, umzekelo, okanye kumaqabane enkampani.
Uvavanyo (intsingiselo yokuvavanya ngokuhambelana neemfuno zentsapho ye-GOST34), njengokuba kunjalo, i-Lotus OS sele iqhutywe iminyaka eyi-4 ngoku, kumagunya ahlukeneyo anobuchule obuphezulu kakhulu.
Ngombulelo kuvavanyo olunjalo, i-Lotus OS ifakwe kwiinkqubo zokhuseleko zolwazi ezifana ne-SecretNet (iKhowudi yoKhuseleko), i-DallasLock (i-Confident), iinkqubo zokhuseleko zolwazi ezifana ne-VipNet (Infotex), i-CryptoPro (CRYPTO-PRO), ii-antivirus ezifana ne-Kaspersky anti-virus. .
Ukuba udidekile malunga nokuhambelana nesoftware yakho ekhoyo okanye ihardware,
Thina, sithathela ingqalelo umdla wakho, siya kujoyina ekusombululeni ingxaki yakho. Uvavanyo ngenxa yovavanyo aluniki mdla."(c) (isicatshulwa esichanekileyo)
Ekubeni umphuhlisi akazange afune ukubonelela ngokusasazwa kovavanyo, akanamdla wokuphumeza imveliso yakhe. Nokuba iWindows inexesha lokulinga ... Ngoko ke ulwazi luya kuba yithiyori kuphela, luthathwe kumaxwebhu kwaye luhlalutywe.
Izinto ezinika umdla:
«Uluhlu lwenkonzo yeLotos Directory..."(kunye)
Ewe, akunakwenzeka ukuba ibe yeyakhe. Ngaphantsi kwe-hood kukho i-samba efanayo, okanye i-FreeIPA, okanye enye into ... Oku akukho kumaxwebhu.
«I-Lotus OS ibonelela ngokukwazi ukusebenzisa imigaqo-nkqubo yeqela ukusuka kujongano lomzobo womlawuli."(kunye)
Ukujonga ngevidiyo eboniswe kwiwebhusayithi yomphuhlisi, ewe, inokwenzeka. Kodwa iseti yemisebenzi incinci kwaye ilinganiselwe kangangokuba ishiya kuphela into efunekayo. Ewe, kungcono kunanto, kodwa ... andazi. Khange ndiqiniseke. Ngenxa yokuba kubonakala ngathi ukuthumela imiyalelo kwi-selinux efanayo kunye ne-firewall ... Ngokuqinisekileyo, ndiphosakele, kodwa oku akutshintshi undoqo womcimbi.
"Ikhonsoli yolawulo yenkqubo yokusebenza yeLotus yahlula iifayile zoqwalaselo lwenkqubo yokusebenza kumlawuli, imnike umzobo ocacileyo wokutshintsha iiparamitha zenkqubo."(kunye)
Kuthetha ukuthini ukuba iifayile zoqwalaselo zifihliwe nakumlawuli ... Ewe, i-Linux inokulawula njani, abasetyenziselwa ukujongwa ngamehlo abomvu, basebenze nale nto? Kwi-Windows admins, le yindlela eqhelekileyo ngakumbi, eya kwenza ukuqeqeshwa kwakhona kube lula... Kodwa kuyakwenza nzima kakhulu ubomi be-Linux admins... interface phezulu, kwaye ayizizo zonke ezi...
Kwakhona kwakungenakwenzeka ukufumana ukubunjwa kweepakethe kwindawo yokugcina. Ke umbuzo wento esinokuyifumana njengenxalenye ye-OS uhlala ungaphendulwanga.
Ixabiso lelayisensi yeseva enyeIxabiso: RUB 15
Umthengi OSIxabiso: RUB 3
1.13. IHaloOS
Asikwazanga kufumana naluphi na ulwazi kule OS. Ikwirejista yoMphathiswa weTelecom kunye noNxibelelwano lweSininzi, yiyo yonke loo nto. Kukho ikhonkco kwimveliso ekhokelela kwiwebhusayithi yomhlanganisi, kodwa akukho lwazi.
Ngokuphathelele amaxabiso. Uluvo lwam lobuqu, endingakhange ndilunyanzelise nakubani na kwaye ndingaceli ukuba luthathwe njengenyani, lulandelayo:
Ukungabikho kwemveliso yokuthengiswa ngokuthe ngqo kubonisa ukuba oku akusiyo ishishini ngokwenene, ekubeni umthengi ngamnye uya kunikwa ixabiso labo ngaphakathi kwesakhelo sekhontrakthi, kwaye mna ndiyithatha le nto "njengemeko eqhelekileyo" kweli lizwe, eliye lafumana ixabiso. akukho nto yakwenza neshishini elinzima, kwaye lijolise ekukhupheni iimali kuphela.
2. Isishwankathelo
Ke, makhe sishwankathele ulwazi esiye salumba kwifomu yokwetyisa.
Ulwazi olusisiseko kwi-OS yeseva:
*I-Ulyanovsk.BSD yiFreeBSD phantse ikwimo ecocekileyo.
Iinkonzo eziphambili ezinokufakwa kwiinkqubo zokusebenza zeseva:
Custom OS:
I-Astra Linux - esebenzayo. I-Debian izinzile. Kumsebenzisi, i-GUI isondele kwi-Windows Explorer, eya kwenza lula ukutshintshela kwi-OS entsha. Njengomncedisi ilungele ukusombulula phantse zonke iingxaki ekufuneka ndizisombulule. Wonke umntu ngaphandle kweZimbra.
Alto - inkqubo endilisekileyo. Mhlawumbi phantse yonke into endiyidingayo. Izinzile. Idesktop yendawo yokusebenza iya kuba yinto engaqhelekanga kakhulu kubasebenzisi. Njengomncedisi ilungele ukusombulula phantse zonke iingxaki ekufuneka ndizisombulule. Wonke umntu ngaphandle kweZimbra.
Kodwa kukho enye enkulu KODWA. Ixabiso lenkxaso yobugcisa. Ilayisensi engunaphakade ixabisa amaxesha angama-1.5 ngaphantsi kwenkxaso yobugcisa ngonyaka. I-ruble ye-24 ngonyaka ... Ukuba kungekhona ngexabiso lomcimbi ...
phezu Bala iLinux Ndiyakwazi ukuhambisa phantse yonke into enomdla kum, kodwa ukungabikho kwenkxaso yinto enjalo. Ewe, isimahla. Kodwa ukuba kukho into eyenzekayo, iintloko ze-admins ziya kuqengqeleka.
PINK Linux - esebenzayo. Iyakwazi ukuqhuba zonke iinkonzo endizidingayo, kuquka neZimbra. Ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga yomsebenzisi we-OS, ingxaki ikwinguqulelo yakudala yeLibreOffice.
RED OS - kunokuba ewe kunokuba hayi. Ukongeza kwiseva yemeyile kunye nenkqubo yogcino. Njengomsebenzisi we-OS-mhlawumbi akunjalo, ngenxa ye-ofisi ephelelwe lixesha. Kodwa ixabiso leekhithi zokusasaza liphezulu kunelo likhuphisana ... Kodwa le RED HAT ... kodwa ... kodwa ...
AlterOS -Awunakuqhuba nokuba yiZabbix okanye iseva yeJabber kuyo. Kungenjalo, yinkqubo endilisekileyo. Njengomxhasi we-OS, ingxaki ikwiofisi ephelelwe lixesha, ukuba akunjalo, iya kuba sisisombululo esihle.
WTware kubaxumi ababhityileyo kufanelekile. Kodwa le ayisiyiyo i-OS, ngoko ke awuzukwazi ukuyibala "ngamaqhekeza". Oko kukuthi, kwimeko yam, xa kukho iiPC ze-1500 zabathengi, akunakwenzeka ukunika ingxelo malunga nokungeniswa endaweni ngokuthi sidlulisele bonke abasebenzi be-1.5k kubathengi abancinci kwaye sinezinye iifestile ze-300 zeseva, kuba ezi 1.5k hayi iiOS...
Ulyanovsk.BSD - Hayi. Ngenxa yokuba iphakamisa iinkxalabo ngenxa yokuba iya kususwa kwirejista yoMphathiswa weTelecom kunye noNxibelelwano lweMisa. Nangona iFreeBSD iyimveliso elungileyo kwaye eqinisekisiweyo, le mveliso...
I-axis - de kube umcimbi wokusebenza kwenkampani yophuhliso kunye nenkxaso isonjululwe - ngokuqinisekileyo akunjalo. Ukuba isigqibo silungile ... mhlawumbi akunjalo ... Nangona ndisetyenziselwa i-CentOS, ayisenjalo.
QP OS - ngokuqinisekileyo kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo akunjalo. Ngeengcali ezinjalo kunye nesimo sengqondo esinjalo ... Olu luluvo lwam oluzimeleyo, kodwa aluyi kutshintsha.
Alpha OS. Izinto ezibhalwe ngaye kwi-Intanethi neziboniswe kwividiyo zivakala zilinga. Ukuba le nkqubo ibikhona kubomi benene...
OS LOTUS. Thenga ihagu kwi-poke? Hayi enkosi. Ukuba awunamdla wokuvavanya, ke andinamdla wokuthenga isoftware yakho ngenxa yovavanyo.
IHaloOS ngezizathu ezicacileyo, hayi nokuba, kuba andinalo nofifi lokuba yintoni okanye ityiwa ngantoni.
3. Isiphumo
Ukusasazwa Zimbra Collaboration Suite OSE Ndiza kufuna ikopi enye Iseva ye-ROSA Enterprise Linux, okanye ngcono 2 - yokuseta ummeli.
Ukunyusa zonke ezinye iinkonzo, kunengqiqo ukusebenzisa I-Astra Common Edition okanye RED OS, ekubeni kwixesha elizayo intengo yezi nkqubo iya kuba yinzuzo kakhulu ngenxa yenkxaso encinci. Kodwa ngokobuqu, ndiyithanda ngakumbi i-Astra.
Ezinye iinkonzo ezingabalulekanga zingasetyenziswa ngokwesiseko Bala iLinux, ngoko ke simahla. Kodwa ngenxa yokungabikho kwenkxaso, ezi kufuneka zibe ziinkonzo eziphantsi kwexesha elingabalulekanga kwiShishini, kuba abalawuli benkqubo bajongene ngqo nokusebenza kwabo.
Custom OS - ndisakhetha okufanayo Astra CE. Ine-suite yeofisi yamva nje, i-GUI esebenziseka lula, inkqubo inokwenza yonke into onokuyidinga kuyo. Ewe, inexabiso eliphantsi kunabo bakhuphisana nabo.
Ukuba kukho imfuneko yokuhambisa umncedisi we-directory kunye nezinye iinkonzo zeziseko zophuhliso, kunengqiqo ukujonga i-OS yentsapho efanayo eya kuthunyelwa kubasebenzisi, ubuncinane ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga ukuhambelana. Kwimeko yam, ukuba ndisafuna ukwenza oku, kuya kuba njalo Astra CE.
4. PS:
andikajongani neepakethe zeCAD okwangoku. Kwaye andazi nokuba kufanelekile na ukuqalisa, kuba ndifumene isoftware “yasekhaya” yasimahla kolu didi kuphela kwiiphakheji zeROSA. Kodwa kukho ingxaki enkulu kwiilayisenisi, kuba ukuba kukho impazamo kwizibalo, ngenxa yokuba imveliso ebiza kakhulu yeshishini iya kuba ingasebenzi, uxanduva luya kuthwalwa yinjineli eyaphuhlisayo, kwaye hayi ngumenzi wesoftware. kuya kufuneka aqinisekise ukusebenza okungenaziphene kwiinkqubo zakhe... Lo mba unzima, kwaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba uya kusonjululwa yinto yokuba iiPC ezisebenza ngeWindows ziya kuhlala kumasebe ophuhliso, okanye konke oku kuya kwenziwa ngandlela thile kwaye konke. izibalo ziya kuthunyelwa kwiziko ledatha. andikayicingi le nto.
4.1. P.S.2.: «Isuka kumbhali«
a) Ndizamile. Ingaba yinyani. Kodwa ndiyaqonda kakuhle ukuba kusenokwenzeka ukuba ndimoshe ndaweni ithile. Nceda, ngaphambi kokuba uqhube ngokukrakra iqhosha elithi "karma ephantsi", bhala kwizimvo ukuba yintoni engalunganga, kwaye ndiya kuzama ukulungisa yonke into ukuba ifanelekile kwaye inenjongo.
b) Ndiyaqonda ukuba ulwazi olukweli nqaku aluboniswanga kanye njengoko ndingathanda. Kukho ukubhideka kunye nokuthambekela apha, endikuthatha ngokwam ukuba akuchanekanga ngokupheleleyo. Kodwa ngenxa yokuba mninzi umsebenzi osele wenziwe, ndinelungelo lokubonisa konke oku kanye ngendlela ekuyo.
umthombo: www.habr.com