I-Turkmenistan lelinye lawona mazwe avaliweyo kwihlabathi. Ayivalwanga njengoko, yithi, eNyakatho Korea, kodwa ivaliwe. Umahluko obalulekileyo yi-Intanethi kawonke-wonke, apho ummi welizwe angaxhuma ngaphandle kweengxaki. Eli nqaku lithetha ngemeko kunye noshishino lwe-Intanethi kweli lizwe, ukufumaneka kwenethiwekhi, iindleko zoqhagamshelwano kunye nezithintelo ezibekwe ngamagosa.
Yavela nini i-Intanethi eTurkmenistan?
Ngaphantsi kweSaparmurat Niyazov, i-Intanethi yayingaqhelekanga. Kwakukho iindawo ezininzi zonxibelelwano kuthungelwano lwehlabathi olusebenza kweli lizwe ngelo xesha, kodwa ngamagosa akwizikhundla eziphezulu kuphela namagosa okhuseleko ayenokufikelela, kwaye kunqabile ukuba abe ngabasebenzisi basekuhlaleni. Kwakukho ababoneleli abaninzi be-Intanethi abancinci. Ekuqaleni koo-2000, ezinye iinkampani zavalwa, ezinye zadityaniswa. Ngenxa yoko, kwavela i-monopolist karhulumente - umboneleli wenkonzo uTurkmentelecom. Kukwakho neenkampani ezincinci zababoneleli, kodwa zonke, enyanisweni, zizincedisi zeTurkmentelecom kwaye ziphantsi kwayo ngokupheleleyo.
Emva kokuba uMongameli Berdimuhamedov elawula, iicafe ze-Intanethi zavela eTurkmenistan kwaye iziseko zonxibelelwano zaqala ukukhula. Iikhefi zokuqala ze-Intanethi zanamhlanje zavela ngo-2007. I-Turkmenistan nayo inenethiwekhi yeselula yesizukulwana sesithathu nesesine. Nawuphi na umhlali welizwe unokuxhuma kuyo, kwaye ke kwi-Intanethi. Kufuneka nje uthenge i-SIM khadi kwaye uyifake kwisixhobo.
Ixabisa malini i-intanethi kwaye kufuneka uqhagamshele ntoni?
Yonke into, njengamanye amazwe amaninzi, umboneleli kufuneka abonelele ngesicelo. Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa, umrhumi omtsha uqhagamshelwe. Umgaqo-nkqubo wamaxabiso umbi kancinane. Ngokwezibalo zeengcali ezivela kwiBhanki yehlabathi, i-Intanethi eTurkmenistan iyona nto ibiza kakhulu phakathi kwamazwe ayesakuba yi-USSR. I-gigabyte enye apha ixabisa amaxesha angama-3,5 ngaphezu kweRussian Federation. Iindleko zokuxhuma zivela kwi-2500 ukuya kwi-6200 kwi-ruble elinganayo ngenyanga. Ukuthelekisa, kwi-arhente karhulumente kwi-capital umvuzo malunga ne-18 ruble (113 manats), ngelixa abameli beminye imisebenzi, ngakumbi kwimimandla, banemivuzo ephantsi kakhulu.
Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, enye inketho yokudibanisa kwi-Intanethi lunxibelelwano lweselula, iinethiwekhi ze-4G. Emva kokuba isiseko se-4G sivele kuqala, isantya sasifikelela kwi-70 Mbit / s nangaphandle kwesixeko. Ngoku, xa inani lababhalisi liye landa kakhulu, isantya siye sehla ngamaxesha angama-10 - ukuya kwi-7 Mbit / s ngaphakathi kwesixeko. Kwaye le yi-4G; malunga ne-3G, akukho nokuba yi-500 Kbps.
Ngokwe-arhente yaseMelika iAkamai Technologies, ukufumaneka kwe-Intanethi kubemi beli lizwe ngama-20%. Omnye wababoneleli kwi-capital yaseTurkmenistan inabasebenzisi be-15 kuphela, nangona abantu beso sixeko badlula i-000 yezigidi zabantu.
Isantya soqhagamshelo kwi-Intanethi kubasebenzisi kwilizwe lonke singaphantsi kwe-0,5 Mbit/s.
Ngokuphathelele isixeko ngokwaso, iSebe lezoNxibelelwano malunga nonyaka onesiqingatha odlulileyo ukuba e-Ashgabat isantya sokudlulisa idatha phakathi kwamaziko edatha kwi-avareji ifikelela kwi-20 Gbit / sec.
Iziseko ezingundoqo ezihambayo ziphuhliswe kakuhle - kwaneendawo zokuhlala ezincinci zigutyungelwe luthungelwano. Ukuba udlulela ngaphaya kwezi lali, kuya kubakho unxibelelwano - ukugubungela akubi. Kodwa oku kusebenza kuqhagamshelo lwefowuni ngokwayo, kodwa isantya kunye nomgangatho we-Intanethi yeselula ayilungile kakhulu.
Ngaba zonke iinkonzo ziyafumaneka okanye zikhona ezivaliweyo?
E-Turkmenistan, iindawo ezininzi ezaziwayo kunye neenkonzo zivaliwe, kuquka i-YouTube, i-Facebook, i-Twitter, i-VKontakte, i-LiveJournal, i-Lenta.ru. Izithunywa ze-WhatsApp, Wechat, Viber nazo azifumaneki. Ezinye iisayithi nazo zivaliwe, kwiimeko ezininzi ezo zipapasha ukugxeka kwabasemagunyeni. Enyanisweni, ngenxa yesizathu esithile i-website ye-MTS Turkmenistan, iphephancwadi yabasetyhini i-Women.ru, ezinye iindawo zokupheka, njl.
Ngo-Okthobha ka-2019, ukufikelela kwilifu likaGoogle kwavalwa, ngenxa yoko abasebenzisi baphulukana nokufikelela kwiinkonzo zenkampani ezifana neGoogle Drive, Google Docs kunye nezinye. Inokwenzeka ukuba, ingxaki kukuba isibuko sewebhusayithi echasayo sifakwe kule nkonzo ehlotyeni.
Abasemagunyeni balwa kakhulu ngokuchasene nezixhobo zokudlula ibhloko, kubandakanya abantu abangaziwa kunye neeVPN. Ngaphambili, iivenkile ezithengisa iifowuni eziphathwayo kunye namaziko eenkonzo anikezela abasebenzisi ukuba bafake izicelo zeVPN. Abasemagunyeni bathabatha amanyathelo baza baqalisa ukuhlawulisa oosomashishini rhoqo. Ngenxa yoko, amaziko eenkonzo ayisusile le nkonzo. Kwaye, urhulumente ulandelela abasebenzisi bewebhusayithi abandwendwela. Ukutyelela isibonelelo esithintelweyo kunokukhokelela kwisamani kwabasemagunyeni kunye nokubhalwa kwenqaku lengcaciso. Kwezinye iimeko, amagosa ogcino-mthetho anokuzifikela ngokwawo.
Ukuba nobulungisa, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukuvalwa kwemilambo kwasuswa kwiminyaka eliqela eyadlulayo.
Abasemagunyeni bazivimba njani izixhobo ezingafunwayo kwaye babeke iliso kwiinzame zokudlula ukubhloka?
Lo ngowona mzuzu unomdla kakhulu. Njengoko sisazi, izixhobo kunye nesoftware yokulandelela zibonelelwa ziinkampani zaseNtshona. UMphathiswa wezoKhuseleko welizwe unoxanduva lokubeka iliso kuthungelwano lwesizwe kunye nokulawula isiseko sobuchwepheshe.
Ubulungiseleli busebenza ngokubambisana nenkampani yaseJamani iRohde & Schwarz. Iinkampani zase-UK zikwathengisa izixhobo kunye nesoftware kwilizwe. Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, ipalamente yabo yavumela izinto eziya eTurkmenistan, eSaudi Arabia, eUnited Arab Emirates, eBrunei, eTurkey naseBahrain.
I-Turkmenistan idinga iingcaphephe zokugcina ukuhluzwa kwe-Intanethi. Akukho zingcaphephe zalapha zaneleyo, kwaye urhulumente ubhenela kuncedo lwangaphandle.
Ngu I-Turkmenistan ithenga iindidi ezimbini zezixhobo zokubeka iliso kuthungelwano-i-R&S INTRA kunye ne-R&S Ii-Firewalls eziManyeneyo, kunye ne-software ye-R&S PACE 2.
Uhlolo alwenziwa liSebe ngokwalo, kodwa ziinkampani ezimbini zabucala zonxibelelwano ezinxulumene nalo. Umnini wenye yeenkampani yinzalelwane ye-arhente yokhuseleko karhulumente yaseTurkmenistan. Kwa ezi nkampani zinye zifumana izivumelwano zikarhulumente zophuhliso lwewebhusayithi, isoftware, kunye nokugcinwa kwezixhobo zenethiwekhi.
Isoftware enikezelweyo evela eYurophu ihlalutya intetho kwaye isebenzisa izihluzi ukuqonda amagama, amabinzana kunye nezivakalisi ezipheleleyo. Isiphumo sohlalutyo sihlolwe ngokuchasene "noluhlu olumnyama". Ukuba kukho into eyenzekayo, ii-arhente zogcino-mthetho ziyabandakanyeka. Bakwabeka iliso kwiSMS kunye nabathunywa abakhawulezayo.
Umzekelo wokujonga usebenzisa iBlockCheck v0.0.9.8:
Ukulwa VPN
Abasemagunyeni baseTurkmenistan balwa iiVPNs ngamanqanaba ahlukeneyo empumelelo ngenxa yokuthandwa kwetekhnoloji phakathi kwabasebenzisi be-Intanethi abanganyamezeliyo ukuvalelwa kweendawo ezinkulu zangaphandle. Urhulumente usebenzisa izixhobo ezifanayo kwinkampani yaseJamani ukucoca itrafikhi.
Ukongeza, kwenziwa iinzame zokuvala usetyenziso lwe-VPN yeselula. Ngokwethu icala, siqaphele ukuba isicelo sethu se-VPN esiphathwayo asifumaneki kwabanye abasebenzisi. Into kuphela encedayo ngumsebenzi owakhelwe ngaphakathi wokusebenza kunye ne-API ngokusebenzisa i-proxy.
Sinabasebenzisi abaliqela abavela eTurkmenistan abanxibelelana nabo, kwaye baxela ngamanye amaxesha iingxaki ngonxibelelwano. Omnye wabo wandinika nje umbono wokudala eli nqaku. Ke, nasemva kokungena ngempumelelo kwisicelo, ayizizo zonke iiseva eziqhagamshelweyo. Kubonakala ngathi ezinye izihluzi ze-VPN ezizenzekelayo zokuqaphela i-traffic ziyasebenza. Ngokwabasebenzisi abafanayo, kungcono ukudibanisa kwiiseva ezintsha ezongeziweyo mva nje.
NgoJanuwari ophelileyo urhulumente waya nangakumbi kwaye ukufikelela kwiGoogle Play Store.
... abahlali baseTurkmenistan baphulukene nofikelelo kwiVenkile yeGoogle Play, apho abasebenzisi bakhuphele khona izicelo ezibavumelayo ukuba badlule ekuthinteleni.
Zonke ezi zenzo zonyusa kuphela ukuthandwa kwetekhnoloji yebhlokhi yokudlula. Ngexesha elifanayo, inani lophendlo olunxulumene neVPN .
Kwixesha elizayo, iziphathamandla zaseTurkmen zithembisa ukuphucula iziseko zenethiwekhi, ukwandisa isantya sokuxhuma kunye nokwandisa i-3G kunye ne-4G. Kodwa akucaci kakuhle ukuba oku kuya kwenzeka nini kwaye kuya kwenzeka ntoni ngokulandelayo ngokuvalwa.
umthombo: www.habr.com