Ukuba iqwalaselwe kakuhle, ungaqala kwi-NVME SSD nakwiinkqubo ezindala. Kucingelwa ukuba inkqubo yokusebenza (OS) iyakwazi ukusebenza kunye ne-NVME SSD. Ndicinga ukuvula i-OS, kuba ngabaqhubi abakhoyo kwi-OS, i-NVME SSD ibonakala kwi-OS emva kokuqalisa kwaye ingasetyenziswa. Isoftware eyongezelelweyo (isoftware) yeLinux ayifuneki. Kwi-OS yosapho lwe-BSD kunye nezinye ii-Unixes, indlela inokwenzeka ukuba ifanelekile.
Ukuqala kuyo nayiphi na i-drive, i-bootloader (BOP), i-BIOS okanye i-EFI (UEFI) kufuneka iqulathe abaqhubi besi sixhobo. Iidrive ze-NVME SSD zizixhobo ezitsha xa kuthelekiswa ne-BIOS, kwaye akukho baqhubi abanjalo kwi-firmware ye-firmware yeebhodi zomama ezindala. Kwi-EFI ngaphandle kwenkxaso ye-NVME SSD, unokongeza ikhowudi efanelekileyo, kwaye emva koko kunokwenzeka ukuba usebenze ngokupheleleyo nesi sixhobo - ungayifaka inkqubo yokusebenza kwaye uyiqalise. Kwiinkqubo ezindala ezinento ebizwa ngokuba. "i-BIOS yelifa" ukuqala i-OS akunakwenzeka ukuba yenze oku. Nangona kunjalo, oku kunokugqithiswa.
Indlela yokwenza
Ndisebenzise i-OpenSUSE Leap 15.1. Kwezinye i-Linux, amanyathelo aya kufana.
1. Masilungiselele ikhompyutha ukufaka inkqubo yokusebenza.
Udinga i-PC okanye iseva ene-PCI-E 4x yasimahla okanye emide, nokuba yeyiphi na inguqulelo, i-PCI-E 1.0 yanele. Ngokuqinisekileyo, inguqulo entsha ye-PCI-E, ngokukhawuleza isantya siya kuba. Ewe, ngokwenene, i-NVME SSD ene-adapter ye-M.2 - PCI-E 4x.
Kwakhona ufuna uhlobo oluthile lokuqhuba olunomthamo we-300 MB okanye ngaphezulu, olubonakalayo kwi-BIOS kwaye apho unokulayisha khona i-OS. Ingaba yi-HDD ene-IDE, i-SATA, uxhumano lwe-SCSI. S.A.S. Okanye i-USB flash drive okanye imemori khadi. Ayizukungena kwifloppy disk. I-CD-ROM ayisayi kusebenza kwaye kuya kufuneka ibhalwe kwakhona. DVD-RAM - akukho mbono. Siya kuyibiza ngokwemeko le nto ngokuthi "i-BIOS drive yelifa".
2. Silayisha i-Linux yokufakela (ukusuka kwi-disk optical okanye i-flash bootable drive, njl.).
3. Xa usahlula idiski, usasaze i-OS phakathi kweedrive ezikhoyo:
3.1. Makhe senze ulwahlulo lwe-GRUB bootloader ekuqaleni kwe "BIOS yelifa lelifa" kunye nobukhulu be-8 MB. Ndiyaqaphela ukuba apha kusetyenziswa i-openSUSE isici - GRUB kwisahlulo esahlukileyo. Kwi-openSUSE, inkqubo yefayile engagqibekanga (FS) yiBTRFS. Ukuba ubeka iGRUB kwisahlulelo ngenkqubo yefayile ye-BTRFS, ngoko ke inkqubo ayisayi kuqalisa. Ngoko ke, icandelo elahlukileyo lisetyenziswa. Ungabeka i-GRUB kwenye indawo, okoko nje iqala.
3.2. Emva kokwahlula kunye ne-GRUB, siya kudala isahlulo kunye nenxalenye yefolda yenkqubo ("ingcambu"), ethi "/ boot /", 300 MB ngobukhulu.
3.3. Ukulunga okuseleyo - yonke ifolda yenkqubo, ukwahlulahlula, "/ ekhaya/" ulwahlulo lomsebenzisi (ukuba ugqiba ukwenza enye) unokubekwa kwi-NVME SSD.
Emva kofakelo, inkqubo ilayisha i-GRUB, elayisha iifayile ukusuka / i-boot /, emva kokuba i-NVME SSD ifumaneke, emva koko i-boot system isuka kwi-NVME SSD.
Ngokusebenza, ndifumene isantya esibalulekileyo.
Iimfuno zesakhono se-"legacy drive BIOS": 8 MB ye-GRUB isahlulelo asimiseli, kwaye naphi na ukusuka kwi-200 MB ye/boot/. 300 MB ndithathe ngomda. Xa uhlaziya i-kernel (kwaye xa ufaka ezintsha), iLinux izakuzalisa i/boot/ isahlulelo ngeefayile ezintsha.
Ukuqikelela isantya kunye neendleko
Iindleko ze-NVME SSD 128 GB - ukusuka malunga ne-ruble ye-2000.
Iindleko ze-adapter ye-M.2 - i-PCI-E 4x - ukusuka malunga nama-ruble angama-500.
I-M.2 ukuya kwi-PCI-E 16x i-adapters ezine ze-NVME SSD drives nazo zithengiswa, ixabiso kwindawo ethile ukusuka kwi-3000 r. - ukuba nabani na uyayifuna.
Izantya zokunciphisa:
I-PCI-E 3.0 4x malunga ne-3900 MB/s
I-PCI-E 2.0 4x 2000 MB/s
I-PCI-E 1.0 4x 1000 MB/s
Ukuqhuba nge-PCI-E 3.0 4x ekusebenzeni ukufikelela kwizantya ezimalunga ne-3500 MB / s.
Kunokucingelwa ukuba isantya esifikelelekayo siya kuba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
I-PCI-E 3.0 4x malunga ne-3500 MB/s
I-PCI-E 2.0 4x malunga ne-1800 MB/s
I-PCI-E 1.0 4x malunga ne-900 MB/s
Ekhawulezayo kune-SATA 600MB/s. Isantya esifikelelekayo se-SATA 600 MB/s simalunga ne-550 MB/s.
Kwangaxeshanye, kwii-motherboards ezindala, isantya se-SATA somlawuli webhodi asinakuba yi-600 MB / s, kodwa i-300 MB / s okanye i-150 MB / s. Apha umlawuli webhodi = umlawuli we-SATA owakhiwe kumzantsi webhulorho ye-chipset.
Ndiyaqaphela ukuba i-NCQ iya kusebenzela i-NVME SSDs, ngelixa abalawuli bebhodi abadala abanako le nto.
Ndenze izibalo ze-PCI-E 4x, nangona kunjalo, ezinye iidrive zine-PCI-E 2x yebhasi. Oku kwanele kwi-PCI-E 3.0, kodwa kwimigangatho ye-PCI-E endala - 2.0 kunye ne-1.0 - kungcono ukungathathi i-NVME SSDs. Kwakhona, idrayivu ene-buffer kwimo yememori chip iya kukhawuleza kunokuba ngaphandle kwayo.
Kulabo bafuna ukulahla ngokupheleleyo umlawuli we-SATA kwibhodi, ndikucebisa ukuba usebenzise isilawuli se-Asmedia ASM 106x (1061, njl.), Ebonelela ngee-SATA 600 ezimbini (ngaphakathi okanye ngaphandle). Isebenza kakuhle (emva kohlaziyo lwe-firmware), kwimo ye-AHCI ixhasa i-NCQ. Iqhagamshelwe nge-PCI-E 2.0 1x ibhasi.
Isantya sayo esiphezulu:
I-PCI-E 2.0 1x 500 MB/s
I-PCI-E 1.0 1x 250 MB/s
Isantya esifikelelekayo siya kuba:
I-PCI-E 2.0 1x 460 MB/s
I-PCI-E 1.0 1x 280 MB/s
Oku kwanele kwiSATA SSD enye okanye ezimbini hard drives.
Iintsilelo eziqatshelweyo
1. Ayifundwanga nge-NVME SSD, kukho ulwazi jikelele kuphela malunga nomenzi, inombolo ye-serial, njl. Mhlawumbi ngenxa yebhodi yomama endala kakhulu (mp). Kuvavanyo lwam olungenabuntu, ndasebenzisa eyona mp indala endinokuyifumana, kunye ne-nForce4 chipset.
2. I-TRIM kufuneka isebenze, kodwa kufuneka ihlolwe.
isiphelo
Kukho ezinye iinketho: thenga umlawuli we-SAS nge-PCI-E 4x okanye i-8x slot (ikhona i-16x okanye i-32x?). Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ziphantsi, zixhasa i-SAS 600, kodwa i-SATA 300, kwaye ezibizayo ziya kuba zibiza kakhulu kwaye zicotha kunendlela ecetywayo ngasentla.
Ukusetyenziswa nge-M $ Windows, unokufaka isoftware eyongezelelweyo - i-bootloader enabaqhubi abakhelwe ngaphakathi kwi-NVME SSD.
Bona apha:
Ndiyamema umfundi ukuba azivavanye ngokwakhe ukuba ufuna isicelo esinjalo se-NVME SSD, okanye kuya kuba ngcono ukuthenga i-motherboard entsha (+ iprosesa + imemori) kunye ne-M.2 PCI-E isidibanisi esikhoyo kunye nenkxaso yokuqalisa kwi-NVME I-SSD kwi-EFI.
umthombo: www.habr.com