Kwiminyaka eliqela eyadlulayo, iqela lamazwe ngamazwe lezazinzulu ezivela kwiiyunivesithi zaseMassachusetts, ePennsylvania naseMunich, eJamani. uphando kwimpumelelo yeeproksi zemveli njengesixhobo esichasene nolawulo. Ngenxa yoko, izazinzulu zicebise indlela entsha yokuthintela ukuthintela, ngokusekwe kwithiyori yomdlalo. Siye salungiselela inguqulelo elungelelanisiweyo yeengongoma eziziintloko zalo msebenzi.
Intshayelelo
Indlela yezixhobo ezidumileyo zokudlula ibhlokhi njengeTor isekwe kulwabiwo lwabucala kunye olukhethiweyo lweedilesi ze-IP zommeleli phakathi kwabathengi abavela kwimimandla ephantsi kokuvalwa. Ngenxa yoko, abathengi kufuneka bahlale bengabonwa yimibutho okanye ngabasemagunyeni abamisela iibhloko. Kwimeko yeTor, aba basasazi beproxy babizwa ngokuba ziibhulorho.
Ingxaki ephambili ngeenkonzo ezinjalo kukuhlaselwa ngabangaphakathi. Iiarhente ezithintelayo zinokusebenzisa iiproksi ngokwazo ukufumana iidilesi zabo kwaye zibathintele. Ukunciphisa ukubakho kobalo lommeli, izixhobo zebhloko zokudlula zisebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokwabiwa kweedilesi.
Kule meko, indlela ebizwa ngokuba yi-ad hoc heuristics isetyenziswa, enokuthi igqithwe. Ukusombulula le ngxaki, izazinzulu zagqiba ekubeni zibonise umzabalazo phakathi kweenkonzo ezibandakanyekayo ekuvimbeni kunye neenkonzo zokuzidlula njengomdlalo. Besebenzisa ithiyori yomdlalo, baphuhlise amacebo okuziphatha afanelekileyo kwiqela ngalinye - ngakumbi, oku kwenza ukuba kube nokwenzeka ukuphuhlisa indlela yokuhambisa iproxy.
Zisebenza njani iinkqubo zokugqitha isitshixo
Vimba izixhobo zokudlula ezifana neTor, Lantern, kunye nePsiphon zisebenzisa uthotho lweeproxies ezingaphandle kwengingqi ezinezithintelo ezikhoyo ezisetyenziselwa ukuphambukisa i-traffic yabasebenzisi kuloo mimandla kwaye iyise kwimithombo evaliweyo.
Ukuba abahloli baye baqaphela idilesi ye-IP yommeli onjalo - umzekelo, emva kokuba bayisebenzise ngokwabo-inokuthi ifakwe ngokulula kwaye ivalwe. Ke ngoko, ngokwenyani, iidilesi ze-IP zeproksi ezinjalo azixelwa, kwaye abasebenzisi babelwa omnye okanye omnye ummeli usebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, iTor inenkqubo yebhulorho.
Oko kukuthi, umsebenzi ophambili kukubonelela abasebenzisi ngokufikelela kwimithombo evaliweyo kunye nokunciphisa ukukwazi ukuvezwa kwedilesi yommeleli.
Ukuxazulula le ngxaki ekusebenzeni akulula kakhulu - kunzima kakhulu ukwahlula ngokuchanekileyo abasebenzisi abaqhelekileyo kwii-censors ezifihla kubo. Iindlela ze-Heuristic zisetyenziselwa ukufihla ulwazi. Umzekelo, iTor inciphisa inani leedilesi ze-IP zebhulorho ezifumanekayo kubathengi ukuya kwabathathu ngesicelo ngasinye.
Oku akuzange kuthintele abasemagunyeni baseTshayina ekuchongeni zonke iibhulorho zeTor ngexesha elifutshane. Ukuqaliswa kwezithintelo ezongezelelweyo kuya kuchaphazela kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kwenkqubo ye-block bypass system, oko kukuthi, abanye abasebenzisi abayi kukwazi ukufikelela kwi-proxy.
Indlela ithiyori yomdlalo isombulula ngayo le ngxaki
Indlela echazwe kulo msebenzi isekelwe kwinto ebizwa ngokuba "umdlalo wokwamkelwa kweekholeji". Ukongeza, kucingelwa ukuba iiarhente zokujonga i-Intanethi zinokunxibelelana ngexesha lokwenyani kwaye zisebenzise amaqhinga anzima-umzekelo, ukungavaleli iiproxies kwangoko okanye ziyenze ngoko nangoko ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo.
Lusebenza njani ulwamkelo lwasekholejini?
Masithi sinabafundi n kunye neekholeji. Umfundi ngamnye uzenzela uluhlu lwakhe lwezinto azikhethayo phakathi kwamaziko emfundo ngokusekelwe kwiikhrayitheriya ezithile (oko kukuthi, ziikholeji kuphela ekungeniswe kuzo amaxwebhu ezibekwe kuluhlu). Kwelinye icala, iikholeji zikwabeka abafundi abangenise amaxwebhu ngokusekelwe kwizinto abazithandayo.
Okokuqala, ikholeji inqumle abo bangayithobeliyo imilinganiselo yokukhetha - abayi kwamkelwa nokuba kukho ukunqongophala. Emva koko abafaki zicelo bakhethwa ngokusebenzisa i-algorithm eqwalasela iiparitha eziyimfuneko.
Kungenzeka ukuba kubekho "ukwamkelwa okungazinzanga" - umzekelo, ukuba kukho abafundi ababini u-1 no-2 abamkelwe kwiikholeji u-a no-b ngokulandelelanayo, kodwa umfundi wesibini angathanda ukufunda eyunivesithi a. Kwimeko yovavanyo oluchaziweyo, unxibelelwano oluzinzile kuphela phakathi kwezinto luthathelwe ingqalelo.
I-Algorithm yoKwamkelwa ilibazisekile
Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, kukho inani elithile labafundi ikholeji engayi kubamkela phantsi kwazo naziphi na iimeko. Ke ngoko, i-algorithm yokwamkelwa erhoxisiweyo yenza ukuba aba bafundi bacinge ukuba abavumelekanga ukuba bafake izicelo kwelo ziko. Kule meko, bonke abafundi bazama ukungena kwiikholeji abathanda kakhulu.
Iziko elinomthamo wabafundi abagqibeleleyo lidwelisa oyena mntu uphezulu kuluhlu olusekelwe kwiikhrayitheriya zalo, okanye konke ukuba inani labafaki-zicelo lingaphantsi kwenani leendawo ezikhoyo. Abanye bayakhatywa, kwaye aba bafundi bafaka izicelo kwiyunivesithi elandelayo kuluhlu lwezinto abazikhethayo. Le kholeji ikwakhetha abona bafundi bakumgangatho ophezulu kwabo bafake izicelo ngoko nangoko kunye nabo bangazange bamkelwe kwikholeji yokuqala. Kwakhona, kwakhona inani elithile labantu alidluli.
Inkqubo iphela ukuba umfundi ngamnye ukuluhlu lwabalindileyo lwekholeji ethile okanye waliwe kuwo onke amaziko emfundo ebenokubhalisa kuwo. Ngenxa yoko, iikholeji ekugqibeleni zivuma wonke umntu kuluhlu lwabo lokulinda.
Ingaba iproksi inento yokwenza nayo?
Ngokufanisa nabafundi kunye neekholeji, izazinzulu zabela i-proxy ethile kumxhasi ngamnye. Isiphumo yaba ngumdlalo obizwa ngokuba ngumdlalo wesabelo sommeli. Abathengi, kubandakanywa ii-agent ze-censor ezinokwenzeka, zisebenza njengabafundi abafuna ukwazi idilesi ye-proxies, edlala indima yeekholeji - bane-bandwidth eyaziwayo ngaphambili.
Kwimodeli echazwe kukho n abasebenzisi (abaxumi) A =
{a1, a2, β¦, an}, ecela ufikelelo kwiproxy ukuba idlule ukubhloka. Ngaloo ndlela, i-ai sisichongi somthengi "epheleleyo". Phakathi kwaba basebenzisi n, m zii-arhente ezichazayo, ezichazwa njengo-J = {j1, j2, ..., jm}, abanye ngabasebenzisi abaqhelekileyo. Zonke ii-arhente zilawulwa ligunya eliphakathi kwaye zifumana imiyalelo kulo.
Kwakhona kucingelwa ukuba kukho isethi ye proxies P = {p1, p2, ..., pl}. Emva kwesicelo ngasinye, umxhasi ufumana ulwazi (idilesi ye-IP) malunga ne-k proxies evela kwinto yomthengisi. Ixesha lahlulwe ngokwamanqanaba-amanqanaba, atyunjwe njenge-t (umdlalo uqala ku-t=0).
Umxhasi ngamnye usebenzisa umsebenzi wokunika amanqaku ukuvavanya ummeli. Izazinzulu zisebenzise umsebenzi 
ukumakisha amanqaku anikezelwe ngumsebenzisi kwiproxy px kwinqanaba t. Ngokunjalo, ummeli ngamnye usebenzisa umsebenzi wokuvavanya abathengi. Yiyo i linqaku elabelwe iproxy px kumxhasi ai kwinqanaba t.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba wonke umdlalo ungokoqobo, oko kukuthi, "umsasazi" ngokwakhe udlala egameni lommeleli kunye nabaxhasi. Ukwenza oku, akufuneki ukuba azi uhlobo lomxhasi okanye ukhetho lwabo malunga neeproxies. Kwinqanaba ngalinye kukho umdlalo, kwaye i-algorithm yokwamkelwa ilibazisekile iyasetyenziswa.
Iziphumo
Ngokweziphumo zokulinganisa, indlela esebenzisa ithiyori yomdlalo ibonise ucikizeko oluphezulu xa kuthelekiswa neenkqubo ezaziwayo zokudlula isitshixo.
Ukuthelekisa kunye nenkonzo ye-rBridge VPN
Ngelo xesha, izazinzulu ziye zachonga amanqaku amaninzi abalulekileyo anokuchaphazela umgangatho wokusebenza kwezi nkqubo:
- Kungakhathaliseki ukuba sisiphi na isicwangciso se-censors, inkqubo yokoyisa ibhlokhi kufuneka ihlaziywe rhoqo kunye neeproxies ezintsha, ngaphandle koko ukusebenza kwayo kuya kuncipha.
- Ukuba ii-censors zinezibonelelo ezibalulekileyo, zinokunyusa ukuthintela ngokufanelekileyo ngokongeza ii-arhente ezisasazwe ngokwejografi ukufumana iiproxies.
- Isantya apho i-proxies entsha yongezwa ibaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwenkqubo yokoyisa ukubhloka.
Amakhonkco aluncedo kunye nemathiriyeli evela :
umthombo: www.habr.com