Imbali yomlo wokulwa novavanyo: indlela esebenza ngayo i-flash proxy eyenziwe zizazinzulu zaseMIT naseStanford

Ekuqaleni koo-2010, iqela elidibeneyo leengcaphephe ezivela kwiYunivesithi yaseStanford, iYunivesithi yaseMassachusetts, iProjekthi yeTor kunye ne-SRI International babonise iziphumo zabo. uphando iindlela zokulwa nokulawulwa kwi-Intanethi.

Izazinzulu zahlalutya iindlela zokudlula imiqobo ezazikho ngelo xesha zaza zacebisa eyazo indlela, ebizwa ngokuba yi-flash proxy. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngokubaluleka kwayo kunye nembali yophuhliso.

Intshayelelo

I-Intanethi yaqala njengenethiwekhi evulekele zonke iintlobo zedatha, kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha, amazwe amaninzi aqala ukuhluza i-traffic. Abanye bathi bavimba iisayithi ezithile, ezinje ngeYouTube okanye kuFacebook, ngelixa ezinye zikwalela ukufikelela kumxholo oqulethe izinto ezithile. Iibhlokhi zolunye uhlobo okanye olunye zisetyenziswa kumazwe amaninzi avela kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo, kubandakanya neYurophu.

Abasebenzisi kwiingingqi apho kusetyenziswa ukubhloka bazama ukuyigqitha besebenzisa iiproxies ezahlukeneyo. Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokuphuhliswa kweenkqubo ezinjalo; enye yetekhnoloji, iTor, yasetyenziswa ngexesha leprojekthi.

Ngokwesiqhelo, abaphuhlisi beenkqubo zeproxy zokudlula ukuthintela bajongana nemisebenzi emithathu efuna ukusonjululwa:

1. Iiprothokholi zokudibana. I-protocol ye-rendezvous ivumela abasebenzisi kwilizwe elivaliweyo ukuba bathumele kwaye bafumane ulwazi oluncinci lokuseka unxibelelwano kunye ne-proxy - kwimeko ye-Tor, umzekelo, isebenzisa i-rendezvous ukusabalalisa idilesi ye-IP ye-Tor relays (iibhulorho). Iiprothokholi ezinjalo zisetyenziselwa ukugcwala okuphantsi kwaye akukho lula ukubhloka.
2. Ukudala ummeli. Iinkqubo zokoyisa ukubhloka zifuna iiproxi ngaphandle kommandla kunye ne-Intanethi ehluziweyo ukuhambisa i-traffic ukusuka kumxhasi ukuya kwimithombo ekujoliswe kuyo kunye nomva. Abaququzeleli bebhlokhi banokuphendula ngokuthintela abasebenzisi ekufundeni iidilesi ze-IP zeeseva zommeli kwaye zibathintele. Ukumelana nezinto ezinjalo Uhlaselo lukaSibyl inkonzo yommeli kufuneka ikwazi ukwenza rhoqo iiproksi ezintsha. Ukudalwa ngokukhawuleza kweeproxies ezintsha yeyona nto iphambili yendlela ecetywayo ngabaphandi.
3. Ukufihla. Xa umxhasi efumana idilesi ye-proxy evuliwe, kufuneka ngandlela-thile afihle unxibelelwano lwayo kunye nayo ukwenzela ukuba iseshoni ayinakuvinjelwa usebenzisa izixhobo zokuhlalutya i-traffic. Kufuneka iguqulwe njengetrafikhi "eqhelekileyo", njengokutshintshiselana kwedatha kunye nevenkile ye-intanethi, imidlalo ye-intanethi, njl.

Kumsebenzi wabo, izazinzulu zicebise indlela entsha yokwenza ngokukhawuleza iiproxies.

ntoni lo msebenzi

Ingcinga ephambili kukusebenzisa iiwebhusayithi ezininzi ukwenza inani elikhulu le proxies kunye nobomi obufutshane obungekho ngaphezu kwemizuzu embalwa.

Ukwenza oku, uthungelwano lweendawo ezincinci zenziwa ezizezavolontiya - njengamaphepha asekhaya abasebenzisi abahlala ngaphandle kommandla kunye nokuvalwa kwe-Intanethi. Ezi sayithi azinxulunyaniswa nangayiphi na indlela nezibonelelo umsebenzisi afuna ukufikelela kuzo.

Ibheji encinci ifakwe kwisiza esinjalo, esilujongano olulula olwenziwe kusetyenziswa iJavaScript. Umzekelo wale khowudi:

<iframe src="//crypto.stanford.edu/flashproxy/embed.html" width="80" height="15" frameborder="0" scrolling="no"></iframe>

Nantsi indlela ibheji ekhangeleka ngayo:

Xa isikhangeli esivela kwindawo engaphandle kwendawo evaliweyo sifikelela kwindawo enjalo ngebheji, iqala ukuhambisa i-traffic ukuya kulo mmandla nasemva. Oko kukuthi, isikhangeli sondwendwelo lwewebhusayithi siba ngummeleli wethutyana. Nje ukuba loo msebenzisi eshiye indawo, i-proxy iyatshatyalaliswa ngaphandle kokushiya nawuphi na umkhondo.

Ngenxa yoko, kunokwenzeka ukufumana ukusebenza okwaneleyo ukuxhasa itonela yeTor.

Ukongeza kwiTor Relay kunye nomxhasi, umsebenzisi uya kufuna ezinye izinto ezintathu. Umququzeleli obizwa ngokuba ngumququzeleli, ofumana izicelo ezivela kumxhasi kwaye udibanise nommeleli. Unxibelelwano lwenzeka kusetyenziswa iiplagi zothutho kumxhasi (apha Uguqulelo lweChrome) kunye nokutshintsha kweTor-relay ukusuka kwiWebSockets ukuya kwiTCP ecocekileyo.

Iseshini eqhelekileyo usebenzisa olu dweliso lujongeka ngolu hlobo:

1. Umxhasi uqhuba iTor, umxhasi we-flash-proxy (i-plugin yesiphequluli), kwaye ithumela isicelo sokubhalisa kumququzeleli usebenzisa i-rendezvous protocol. Iplagin iqala ukumamela uqhagamshelwano olukude.
2. Ummeli weFlash uvela kwi-intanethi kwaye uqhagamshelane nomququzeleli ngesicelo sokudibanisa nomxhasi.
3. Umququzeleli ubuyisela ukubhaliswa, ukudlulisa idatha yoqhagamshelwano kwi-flash proxy.
4. Ummeli uqhagamshela kumxhasi odatha yakhe ithunyelwe kuyo.
5. Ummeleli uqhagamshela kwiplagi yezothutho kunye neTor relay kwaye iqala ukutshintshiselana ngedatha phakathi komxhasi kunye ne-relay.

Ubume bolu yilo lwezakhiwo kukuba umxhasi akaze azi kwangaphambili ukuba kuya kufuneka adibanise phi. Enyanisweni, i-plugin yezothutho yamkela idilesi yendawo yokufikela yomgunyathi kuphela ukuze ingaphuli iimfuno zemigaqo yezothutho. Le dilesi ayihoywa kwaye itonela yenziwe kwelinye isiphelo - iTor relay.

isiphelo

Iprojekthi ye-flash proxy yaphuhliswa iminyaka emininzi kwaye ngo-2017 abadali bayeka ukuyixhasa. Ikhowudi yeprojekthi ifumaneka kwi esi sixhobo. Iiproksi ezikhanyayo zithathelwe indawo zizixhobo ezitsha zokuthintela ukugqitha. Enye yazo yiprojekthi ye-Snowflake, eyakhelwe kwimigaqo efanayo.

umthombo: www.habr.com