Amanye amanqaku kolu ngcelele:
- Imbali yodluliselo
- Imbali yeekhompyuter ze-elektroniki
- Imbali ye-transistor
- Imbali ye-Intanethi
Ngo-1938, intloko yeBritish Secret Intelligence yathenga ngokuzolileyo indawo yeehektare ezingama-24 ukusuka eLondon. Yayimi kwindawo ekudityanwa kuyo koololiwe ukusuka eLondon ukuya emantla, kwaye ukusuka eOxford ngasentshona ukuya eCambridge empuma, kwaye yayiyindawo efanelekileyo yombutho owawungenakubonwa nguye nabani na, kodwa wawufikeleleka ngokulula kuninzi. amaziko abalulekileyo olwazi kunye namagunya aseBritane. Ipropati eyaziwa ngokuba , yaba liziko laseBritani lokwaphulwa kwemithetho ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Mhlawumbi le yeyona ndawo kuphela ehlabathini eyaziwa ngokubandakanyeka kwayo kwi-cryptography.
tanni
Ngehlobo lowe-1941, umsebenzi wawusele uqhubeka eBletchley wokwaphula umatshini odumileyo we-Enigma encryption osetyenziswa ngumkhosi waseJamani kunye nomkhosi waselwandle. Ukuba ubukele i-movie malunga ne-codebreakers yaseBritani, bathetha nge-Enigma, kodwa asiyi kuthetha ngayo apha - kuba kungekudala emva kokuhlaselwa kweSoviet Union, uBletchley wafumanisa ukuhanjiswa kwemiyalezo ngohlobo olutsha lokufihla.
IiCryptanalysts zakhawuleza zafumanisa ubume bomatshini osetyenziswayo ukuhambisa imiyalezo, abawuthiya igama "Tunny."
Ngokungafaniyo ne-Enigma, imiyalezo yayo kwafuneka iqondwe ngesandla, uTunney uqhagamshele ngokuthe ngqo kwi-teletype. I-teletype iguqule umlinganiswa ngamnye ongeniswa ngumsebenzisi kumsinga wamachaphaza kunye neminqamlezo (efana namachaphaza kunye noonobumba bekhowudi yeMorse) ngokomgangatho ngoonobumba abahlanu ngonobumba. Yayingumbhalo ongafihlwanga. UTunney wasebenzisa amavili alishumi elinambini ngexesha ukwenza eyakhe imijelo yamachaphaza kunye neminqamlezo: isitshixo. Emva koko wongeza isitshixo kumyalezo, evelisa i-ciphertext ethunyelwa emoyeni. Udibaniso lwenziwa kwi-binary arithmetic, apho amachaphaza ahambelana no-zero kunye neminqamlezo ehambelana nalawa:
0 + 0 = 0
0 + 1 = 1
1 + 1 = 0
Omnye uTanny kwicala lomamkeli onesetingi ezifanayo uvelise isitshixo esifanayo kwaye wongeza kumyalezo ofihliweyo ukuvelisa owokuqala, owashicilelwa ephepheni ngocingo lomamkeli. Masithi sinomyalezo: "ichaphaza kunye nechaphaza dibanisa." Kumanani kuya kuba ngu-01001. Masidibanise isitshixo esingahleliwe: 11010. 1 + 0 = 1, 1 + 1 = 0, 0 + 0 = 0, 0 + 1 = 1, 1 + 0 = 1, ngoko sifumana i-ciphertext 10011. Ngokudibanisa iqhosha kwakhona, unokubuyisela umyalezo wokuqala. Makhe sijonge: 1 + 1 = 0, 1 + 0 = 1, 0 + 0 = 0, 1 + 1 = 0, 0 + 1 = 1, sifumana i-01001.
Umsebenzi we-Parsing Tunney wenziwa lula yinto yokuba kwiinyanga zokuqala zokusetyenziswa kwayo, abathumeli badlulisa useto lwevili oluza kusetyenziswa ngaphambi kokuthumela umyalezo. Kamva, amaJamani akhupha iincwadi zekhowudi ezinesethingi esele isetyenzisiwe, kwaye umthumeli kufuneka athumele ikhowudi enokuthi isetyenziswe ngummkeli ukuze afumane ukuseta ivili elichanekileyo kwincwadi. Baye bagqiba ukutshintsha iincwadi zekhowudi imihla ngemihla, nto leyo ethetha ukuba uBletchley kufuneka aqhekeze amavili ekhowudi rhoqo kusasa.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuba i-cryptanalysts yasombulula umsebenzi weTunny ngokusekelwe kwindawo yokuthumela kunye nokwamkela izitishi. Yadibanisa amaziko emithambo-luvo yomyalelo ophezulu waseJamani kunye nomkhosi kunye nabaphathi beqela lomkhosi kwimida eyahlukeneyo yasemkhosini yaseYurophu, ukusuka eFransi ukuya kwimathafa aseRussia. Yayingumsebenzi ohendayo: ukuqweqwedisa uTunney wathembisa ukufikelela ngokuthe ngqo kwezona njongo ziphezulu zotshaba kunye nesakhono.
Ke, ngokudityaniswa kweempazamo ngabaqhubi baseJamani, ubuqhophololo kunye nokuzimisela, isazi sezibalo esincinci uhambe kakhulu kunezigqibo ezilula malunga nomsebenzi kaTunney. Ngaphandle kokubona umatshini ngokwawo, wagqiba ngokupheleleyo isakhiwo sangaphakathi. Wafumanisa ngokusengqiqweni izikhundla ezinokwenzeka zevili ngalinye (nganye yayinenombolo yayo ephambili), kunye nendlela kanye kanye ukuma kwamavili okuveliswe ngayo isitshixo. Exhobe ngolu lwazi, uBletchley wakha iikopi zeTunney ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe ukucacisa imiyalezo-kamsinyane nje ukuba amavili alungelelaniswe kakuhle.
I-12 yamavili angundoqo omatshini we-Lorenz cipher owaziwa ngokuba nguTanny
UHeath Robinson
Ekupheleni kuka-1942, uTat waqhubeka ehlasela uTanni, ephuhlise isicwangciso esikhethekileyo sale nto. Yayisekelwe kwingqikelelo ye-delta: imodyuli yesi-2 isixa somqondiso omnye kumyalezo (ichaphaza okanye umnqamlezo, u-0 okanye u-1) kunye nolandelayo. Waqaphela ukuba ngenxa yentshukumo ephazamisayo yamavili eTunney, kwakukho ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-ciphertext delta kunye ne-delta yombhalo obalulekileyo: kufuneka batshintshe kunye. Ke ukuba uthelekisa i-ciphertext ngokubhaliweyo okungundoqo oveliswe kwizicwangciso ezahlukeneyo zevili, ungabala idelta nganye kwaye ubale inani leemidlalo. Ireyithi yomdlalo engaphezulu kwe-50% kufuneka imakishe umntu onokubakho kwiqhosha lomyalezo wokwenene. Ingcamango yayilungile kwithiyori, kodwa kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba iphunyezwe ngokusebenza, kuba yayifuna ukudlula kwe-2400 kumyalezo ngamnye ukujonga zonke izicwangciso ezinokwenzeka.
UTat weza nale ngxaki kwenye ingcali yezibalo, uMax Newman, owayekhokela isebe laseBletchley elathi wonke umntu wayibiza ngokuba “yiNewmania.” UNewman, ekuqaleni, wayelukhetho olungalindelekanga lokukhokela umbutho wezobuntlola waseBritane, kuba utata wakhe wayevela eJamani. Nangona kunjalo, kwakubonakala kungenakwenzeka ukuba angaya kuhlola uHitler ekubeni intsapho yakhe yayingamaYuda. Wayeyixhalabele inkqubela yolawulo lukaHitler eYurophu kangangokuba wafudusela intsapho yakhe kwindawo ekhuselekileyo eNew York kamsinya nje emva kokuwa kweFransi ngowe-1940, yaye kangangexesha elithile naye wacinga ngokufudukela ePrinceton.
UMax Newman
Kwenzeka ukuba uNewman abe nombono malunga nokusebenza kwizibalo ezifunwa yindlela yeTata - ngokudala umatshini. I-Bletchley yayisele isetyenziselwa ukusebenzisa oomatshini kwi-cryptanalysis. Le yindlela i-Enigma eyaqhekeka ngayo. Kodwa uNewman wakhawula isixhobo esithile sombane ukuze sisebenze kwiTunney cipher. Ngaphambi kwemfazwe, wafundisa eCambridge (omnye wabafundi bakhe ngu-Alan Turing), kwaye wayesazi malunga nezixhobo zombane ezakhiwe nguWynne-Williams ukubala amaqhekeza eCavendish. Lo mbono wawu: ukuba ulungelelanisa iifilimu ezimbini ezivaliweyo kwi-loop, ukuskrola ngesantya esiphezulu, enye yazo inesitshixo, kwaye enye inomyalezo ofihliweyo, kwaye iphathe into nganye njengeprosesa ebala i-deltas, emva koko i-counter counter dibanisa iziphumo. Ngokufunda amanqaku okugqibela ekupheleni komdlalo ngamnye, umntu unokugqiba ekubeni ngaba esi sitshixo sasinokubakho okanye hayi.
Kwenzekile ukuba iqela leenjineli ezinamava afanelekileyo libekho nje. Phakathi kwabo yayinguWynne-Williams ngokwakhe. U-Turing ufune u-Wynne-Williams ovela kwi-Malvern Radar Laboratory ukunceda ukudala i-rotor entsha kumatshini we-Enigma, usebenzisa i-electronics ukubala ukujika. Wancedwa koku kunye nenye iprojekthi ye-Enigma ziinjineli ezintathu ezivela kwiSikhululo soPhando sePosi eDollis Hill: uWilliam Chandler, uSidney Broadhurst kunye noTommy Flowers (makhe ndikukhumbuze ukuba iPosi yaseBritane yayingumbutho wobugcisa obuphezulu, kwaye yayinoxanduva kuphela ngeposi yephepha, kodwa nangocingo kunye nomnxeba). Zombini ezi projekthi aziphumelelanga kwaye amadoda ashiywa engasebenzi. UNewman waziqokelela. Wamisela iintyatyambo ukuba zikhokele iqela elenza "isixhobo sokudibanisa" esiya kubala i-deltas kwaye sidlulisele umphumo kwikhawuntari uWynne-Williams awayesebenza kuyo.
U-Newman wathatha iinjineli ngokwakha oomatshini kunye neSebe labaseTyhini leRoyal Navy ngokusebenzisa oomatshini bakhe bokwenza umyalezo. Urhulumente wayethembe kuphela amadoda anezikhundla eziphezulu zobunkokeli, kwaye abasetyhini baqhuba kakuhle njengamagosa okusebenza eBletchley, ephethe zombini ushicilelo lomyalezo kunye nokusetha iikhowudi. Baye bakwazi ukufuduka kumsebenzi wobufundisi ukuya ekunyamekeleni oomatshini abazenzela umsebenzi wabo. Babiza imoto yabo ngokukhawuleza "", Ukulingana kweBritani [bobabini yayingabazobi bemifanekiso ebonisa ukuntsonkotha kakhulu, ubukhulu kunye nezixhobo ezintsonkothileyo ezenza imisebenzi elula kakhulu / malunga. guqulela.].
Imoto ye "Old Robinson", efana kakhulu neyandulelayo, imoto "Heath Robinson"
Enyanisweni, uHeath Robinson, nangona uthembeke kakhulu kwithiyori, wabandezeleka kwiingxaki ezinzulu ekusebenzeni. Into ephambili yayiyimfuneko yokulungelelaniswa okugqibeleleyo kweefilimu ezimbini - isicatshulwa se-cipher kunye nesicatshulwa esibalulekileyo. Nakuphi na ukolula okanye ukutyibilika kwanoma yiyiphi na ifilimu yenze ukuba isicatshulwa sonke singasebenziseki. Ukunciphisa ingozi yeempazamo, lo matshini wawungasebenzi ngaphezu koonobumba abangama-2000 XNUMX ngomzuzwana, nangona amabhanti ayenokusebenza ngokukhawuleza. Iintyatyambo, ezivuma ngokungathandabuzekiyo kunye nomsebenzi weprojekthi yeHeath Robinson, zikholelwa ukuba kukho indlela engcono: umatshini owakhiwe phantse ngokupheleleyo kumacandelo e-elektroniki.
Colossus
UThomas Flowers wasebenza njengenjineli kwisebe lophando lePosi yaseBritani ukusuka ngo-1930, apho waqala wasebenza kuphando kunxibelelwano olungachanekanga nolungaphumelelanga kutshintshiselwano lwemfonomfono olutsha oluzenzekelayo. Oku kwamkhokelela ekubeni acinge ngendlela yokwenza inguqulelo ephuculweyo yenkqubo yemfonomfono, kwaye ngowe-1935 waqalisa ukukhuthaza ukutshintshwa kwezinto zenkqubo ye-electromechanical ezifana nokuhanjiswa nge-elektroniki. Olu sukelo lwagqiba umsebenzi wakhe wonke wekamva.
I-Tommy Flowers, malunga ne-1940
Uninzi lweenjineli ziye zawagxeka amacandelo e-elektroniki ngokungabi naxabiso kunye nokungathembeki xa esetyenziswa kwinqanaba elikhulu, kodwa iintyatyambo zibonise ukuba xa zisetyenziswa rhoqo kwaye kumandla angaphantsi koyilo lwazo, iityhubhu zokufunxa zibonise ubomi obude ngokumangalisayo. Ubonakalise iingcamango zakhe ngokutshintsha zonke ii-terminal ze-dial-tone kwi-switch ye-1000-line kunye neebhubhu; bebonke bekukho 3-4 amawaka kubo. Olu fakelo lwaqaliswa ukuba lube ngumsebenzi wokwenene ngowe-1939. Kwangelo xesha linye, wenza ulinge lokutshintshela iirejista zokuthunyelwa kweenombolo zemfonomfono ezineenombolo ze-elektroniki.
Iintyatyambo zazikholelwa ukuba uHeath Robinson awayeqeshwe ukuba akhe wayeneziphene ezinzulu, kwaye wayenokuyicombulula ngcono le ngxaki ngokusebenzisa iityhubhu ezininzi kunye namalungu omatshini ambalwa. NgoFebruwari 1943, weza nolunye uyilo lomatshini kuNewman. Iintyatyambo ngobuchule zayilahla iteyiphu engundoqo, ziphelisa ingxaki yongqamaniso. Umtshini wakhe kwafuneka uvelise isicatshulwa esiphambili kubhabho. Wayeza kulinganisa uTunney nge-elektroniki, etyhutyha zonke iisetingi zevili aze athelekise nganye ne-ciphertext, erekhoda izinto ezinokuhambelana. Uqikelele ukuba le ndlela iya kufuna ukusetyenziswa kweetyhubhu ze-vacuum ezimalunga ne-1500.
UNewman kunye nabanye abaphathi beBletchley bebethandabuza kwesi siphakamiso. Njengenkoliso yabantu ababephila ngexesha likaFtyantyambo, babethandabuza enoba i-elektroniki yayinokwenziwa ukuba isebenze ngokomlinganiselo onjalo. Ngaphezu koko, kwanokuba wawunokwenziwa usebenze, babethandabuza ukuba loo matshini wawunokwakhiwa kwangethuba ukuze ube luncedo emfazweni.
Umphathi weentyatyambo eDollis Hill uye wamvumela ukuba adibane neqela eliza kuyila esi silo se-elektroniki- Iintyatyambo kusenokwenzeka ukuba zange zinyaniseke ngokupheleleyo ekumchazeleni ukuba umbono wakhe wawuthandwa kangakanani eBletchley (Ngokuka-Andrew Hodges, Iintyatyambo zixelele. umphathi wakhe, uGordon Radley, ukuba le projekthi yayingumsebenzi obalulekileyo weBletchley, kwaye uRadley wayesele evile kuChurchill ukuba umsebenzi kaBletchley wawuphambili ngokupheleleyo). Ukongeza kwiintyatyambo, uSidney Broadhurst kunye noWilliam Chandler badlale indima enkulu kuphuhliso lwenkqubo, kwaye yonke into eyenziwayo iqeshe abantu abaphantse babe ngama-50, isiqingatha semithombo ye-Dollis Hill. Iqela likhuthazwe yimizekelo esetyenziswa kwimfonomfono: iimitha, ingqiqo yesebe, izixhobo zokubonisa indlela kunye nokuguqulela umqondiso, kunye nezixhobo zokulinganisa ngamaxesha athile ubume besixhobo. UBroadhurst wayeyinkosi yeesekethe ze-electromechanical, kwaye iintyatyambo kunye noChandler babeziingcali ze-elektroniki ezaziqonda ukuba zigqithiselwa njani na iikhonsepthi ukusuka kwihlabathi lokuhanjiswa ukuya kwihlabathi levalvu. Ekuqaleni kuka-1944 iqela lalibonise imodeli yokusebenza eBletchley. Umatshini omkhulu wabizwa ngokuba yi "Colossus," kwaye ngokukhawuleza wangqina ukuba unokudlula uHeath Robinson ngokusebenza ngokuthembekileyo oonobumba abangama-5000 ngomzuzwana.
UNewman kunye nabanye abaphathi eBletchley bakhawuleza baqonda ukuba benze impazamo ngokujikisa iintyatyambo. NgoFebruwari 1944, bayalela i-12 ngaphezulu kweKolose, eyayifanele ukuba isebenze ngoJuni 1 - umhla wokuhlaselwa kweFransi kwakucetywayo, nangona, ngokuqinisekileyo, oku kwakungaziwa kwiintyatyambo. Iintyatyambo zatsho ngokucacileyo ukuba oku akunakwenzeka, kodwa ngemigudu yobugorha iqela lakhe likwazile ukuhambisa imoto yesibini ngoMeyi 31, apho ilungu elitsha leqela u-Alan Coombs lenze uphuculo oluninzi.
Uyilo oluhlaziyiweyo, olwaziwa ngokuba nguMarko II, lwaqhubeka nempumelelo yomatshini wokuqala. Ukongeza kwinkqubo yokubonelela ngefilimu, yayiquka izibane ezingama-2400, iiswitshi ezijikelezayo ezili-12, iirelays ezingama-800 kunye nomatshini wokuchwetheza wombane.
Colossus Mark II
Yayinokwenziwa ngokwezifiso kwaye ibhetyebhetye ngokwaneleyo ukuze ikwazi ukusingatha imisebenzi eyahlukahlukeneyo. Emva kokufakwa, iqela ngalinye labasetyhini lilungelelanise "iColossus" yabo ukusombulula iingxaki ezithile. Ipatch panel, efana nephaneli yomqhubi wemfonomfono, yayifuneka ukuze kusekwe izangqa ze-elektroniki ezifanisa amavili akwaTunney. Isethi yokutshintsha ivumele abaqhubi ukuba baqulunqe naliphi na inani lezixhobo ezisebenzayo ezicubungula imijelo emibini yedatha: ifilimu yangaphandle kunye nomqondiso wangaphakathi owenziwe ngamakhonkco. Ngokudibanisa isethi yezinto ezahlukeneyo zokuqiqa, i-Colossus ingabala imisebenzi ye-Boolean engafanelekanga ngokusekelwe kwidatha, oko kukuthi, imisebenzi enokuvelisa u-0 okanye u-1. Iyunithi nganye yonyusa ikhawuntara ye-Colossus. Isixhobo solawulo esahlukileyo senza izigqibo ze-branching ngokusekelwe kwimeko yekhawuntara - umzekelo, yima kwaye uprinte imveliso ukuba ixabiso le-counter ligqithise i-1000.
Tshintshela iphaneli yokumisela "iColossus"
Makhe sicinge ukuba iColossus yayiyinjongo eqhelekileyo yekhompyuter enokucwangciswa ngendlela yale mihla. Inokudibanisa ngokusengqiqweni imijelo emibini yedatha-enye kwiteyiphu, kwaye enye yenziwe ngamabali eringi-kwaye ubale inani le-1s edibene nayo, kwaye yiloo nto. Uninzi "lwenkqubo" yeColossus lwenzeka ephepheni, kunye nabaqhubi abaqhuba umthi wesigqibo olungiselelwe ngabahlalutyi: bathi, "ukuba imveliso yenkqubo ingaphantsi kwe-X, misela uqwalaselo lwe-B kwaye wenze i-Y, kungenjalo yenza u-Z."
Umzobo webhloko okwinqanaba eliphezulu leColossus
Nangona kunjalo, "iColossus" yayikwazi ukusombulula umsebenzi eyabelwe yona. Ngokungafaniyo nekhompyuter ye-Atanasoff-Berry, i-Colossus yayikhawuleza kakhulu-ikwazi ukucubungula amagama angama-25000 ngomzuzwana, nganye inokufuna imisebenzi emininzi ye-Boolean. UMarko II wonyuse isantya ngokuphindwe kahlanu ngaphezulu kweMark I ngokufunda kunye nokusebenza ngamacandelo amahlanu ahlukeneyo efilimu ngaxeshanye. Yala ukudibanisa yonke inkqubo kunye nezixhobo ezicothayo ze-electromechanical input-output, isebenzisa ii-photocells (ezithathwe kwi-anti-aircraft. ) ukufunda iiteyiphu ezingenayo kunye nerejista yemveliso yokuchwetheza yebuffering. Inkokeli yeqela elabuyisela iColossus ngeminyaka yee-1990 yabonisa ukuba isenokwenza ngokulula i-computer esekwe kwiPentium ka-1995 emsebenzini wayo.
Lo matshini onamandla wokulungisa amagama waba ngumbindi weprojekthi yokwaphula ikhowudi yaseTunney. Kwakhiwa ii-Mark II ezingakumbi ngaphambi kokuphela kwemfazwe, iiphaneli ezaye zakhutshwa ngesantya esinye ngenyanga ngabasebenzi bomzi-mveliso weposi eBirmingham, ababengazi ukuba benza ntoni, emva koko bahlanganisana eBletchley. . Elinye igosa elicaphukile leSebe Lezobonelelo, lakuba lifumene esinye isicelo sewaka leevalvu ezikhethekileyo, labuza enoba abasebenzi baseposi “babebadubulela amaJamani kusini na.” Ngale ndlela yoshishino, kunokuba idibanise ngesandla iprojekthi yomntu ngamnye, ikhompyutha elandelayo yayingayi kuveliswa kude kube ngoo-1950. Phantsi kwemiyalelo yeentyatyambo zokukhusela izivalo, iColossus nganye yayisebenza imini nobusuku de kwasekupheleni kwemfazwe. Bema ngokuzolileyo bekhazimla ebumnyameni, befudumeza ubusika baseBritani obumanzi yaye belindele ngomonde imiyalelo de kwafika imini ababengaseyomfuneko ngayo.
Isigqubuthelo sokuThula
Umdla wendalo womdlalo weqonga onika umdla owawuqhubeka eBletchley ukhokelele ekubaxoni okugqithisileyo kwempumelelo yasemkhosini yombutho. Akukho ngqiqweni kakhulu ukucebisa, njengoko ifilimu isenza."[Umdlalo wokuxelisa] ukuba impucuko yaseBritane iya kuyeka ukubakho ukuba akunjalo ngo-Alan Turing. "I-Colossus", ngokucacileyo, yayingenayo impembelelo kwindlela yemfazwe eYurophu. Eyona mpumelelo yakhe ipapashiweyo yayibubungqina bokuba inkohliso yokufika eNormandy ngowe-1944 yayisebenzile. Imiyalezo efunyenwe ngoTanny yacebisa ukuba ii-Allies ziye zaqinisekisa ngempumelelo uHitler kunye nomyalelo wakhe wokuba isibetho sokwenyani siza kufika empuma, ePas de Calais. Ulwazi olukhuthazayo, kodwa akunakwenzeka ukuba ukunciphisa izinga le-cortisol egazini lomyalelo we-allied wanceda ukunqoba imfazwe.
Kwelinye icala, ukuhambela phambili kobugcisa okwaboniswa nguColossus kwakungenakuphikiswa. Kodwa ihlabathi aliyi kukwazi oku kungekudala. UChurchill wayalela ukuba yonke “iColossi” ekhoyo ngexesha lokuphela komdlalo ichithwe, kwaye imfihlo yoyilo lwabo kufuneka ithunyelwe kunye nabo kwindawo yokulahla inkunkuma. Iimoto ezimbini ngandlela ithile zasinda kwesi sigwebo sentambo, kwaye zahlala kwinkonzo yobuntlola yaseBritane de kwaba ngoo-1960. Kodwa nalapho urhulumente wase-Bhritane akazange aphakamise isigqubuthelo sokuthula malunga nomsebenzi eBletchley. Kwakungoo-1970 kuphela apho ubukho bayo baba nolwazi loluntu.
Isigqibo sokuvala ngokusisigxina nayiphi na ingxoxo yomsebenzi owenziwa eBletchley Park sinokubizwa ngokuba sisilumkiso esigqithisileyo sikarhulumente waseBritani. Kodwa kuFlows yayiyintlekele yobuqu. Ehluthwe lonke uzuko kunye newonga lokuba ngumqambi weColossus, weva ukungoneliseki kunye nonxunguphalo njengoko iinzame zakhe ezithe gqolo zokutshintsha ii-relays kunye ne-elektroniki kwinkqubo yefowuni yaseBritane yayivalwa rhoqo. Ukuba unokubonisa impumelelo yakhe ngomzekelo we "Colossus", uya kuba nefuthe elifunekayo ukuze afezekise iphupha lakhe. Kodwa ngexesha impumelelo yakhe yayisaziwa, uFlowers wayesele ethathe umhlala-phantsi kudala kwaye wayengakwazi ukuphembelela nantoni na.
Uninzi lwabathandi bekhompyuter bekhompyuter abasasazeke kwihlabathi liphela bafumana iingxaki ezifanayo ezinxulumene nemfihlo ejikeleze iColossus kunye nokungabikho kobungqina bokusebenza kwale ndlela. I-Electromechanical computing inokuhlala iyinkosi kangangexesha elithile elizayo. Kodwa kwakukho enye iprojekthi eyayiza kuvula indlela yokuba ikhompuyutha yombane ithathe indawo esembindini. Nangona yayiyisiphumo sophuhliso lomkhosi oyimfihlo, ayizange ifihleke emva kwemfazwe, kodwa ngokuchaseneyo, yatyhilwa kwihlabathi ngeyona nto ibalulekileyo, phantsi kwegama elithi ENIAC.
Yintoni emayifundwe:
• UJack Copeland, umhleli. I-Colossus: Iimfihlo zeeKhompyutha zeKhowudi zeBletchley Park (2006)
• UThomas H. Flowers, “Uyilo lweColossus,” Annals weMbali yeComputing, kaJulayi 1983
• Andrew Hodges, Alan Turing: The Enigma (1983)
umthombo: www.habr.com