Igor Sysoev, umphuhlisi womncedisi wewebhu , ilungu lentsapho enkulu , ayizange ime nje kuphela kwimvelaphi yenkomfa yethu. Ndibona u-Igor njengotitshala wam oyingcali, inkosi eyandifundisa indlela yokusebenza kunye nokuqonda iinkqubo ezigcwele kakhulu, ezimisela indlela yam yobungcali iminyaka elishumi.
Ngokwemvelo, andizange ndikwazi ukuzibetha ngoyaba ezo zithulu Iqela le-NGINX ... Kwaye ndaxoxisana nodliwano-ndlebe, kodwa kungekhona u-Igor (usengumprogram ongeniswayo), kodwa abatyali-mali kwi-fund Runa Capital, owabona i-nginx kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo, wakha isiseko seshishini malunga nayo, kwaye ngoku bathethathethana malunga nobukhulu obungakaze bubonwe kwimarike yaseRashiya.
Injongo yenqaku elingezantsi kokusikwa kukuqinisekisa kwakhona ukuba nantoni na inokwenzeka! Yizame!
INtloko yeKomidi yeNkqubo ye-HighLoad ++ u-Oleg Bunin: Sivuyisana nesivumelwano esiyimpumelelo! Njengoko ndikwazi ukuxelela, ukwazile ukugcina nokuxhasa umnqweno ka-Igor wokuqhubeka nokusebenza njengomdwebi wenkqubo kwaye kwangaxeshanye wakha yonke iziseko zeshishini elimjikelezileyo - oku liphupha lalo naluphi na uphuhlisi. Kunene?
Umnxibelelanisi wam nguMlawuli oLawulayo weRuna Capital uDmitry Chikhachev: Lena Yinyaniso. Oku kukuhle kakhulu kuka-Igor ngokwakhe kunye nabasunguli bakhe uMaxim no-Andrey (uMaxim Konovalov no-Andrey Alekseev), kuba ekuqaleni babelungele ukuba esi sakhiwo sakhiwe ngeenxa zonke kubo. Ayingabo bonke abaqalisi abavavanya amandla abo kunye nobuchule babo ngokwaneleyo. Abantu abaninzi bafuna ukukhokela okanye ukulawula yonke inkqubo.
- Ngoko ke iqela le-NGINX, ngokubanzi, liye lazihlukanisa necandelo lezoshishino, okanye yintoni?
Dmitriy: Hayi, abazange basuke kwinxalenye yeshishini, ngoba? UMaxim ukhokele inxalenye yokusebenza njenge-COO. U-Andrey wayesebenza kwi-BizDev, u-Igor waqhubeka esenza uphuhliso - into ayithandayo.
Wonke umntu wenza into anamandla nayithandayo.
Kodwa bonke babeqonda ukuba ukuze kwakhiwe ishishini lezigidi zeerandi eUnited States, kufuneka umntu wodidi olwahlukileyo, onemvelaphi eyahlukileyo. Ngoko ke, nakumjikelo wokuqala weengxoxo kwakukho isivumelwano nabatyali-mali ukuba umntu onjalo uya kufunyanwa. YayinguGus Robertson, uhambelana nazo zonke ezi khrayitheriya.
- Ngoko kwakucetywe kwasekuqaleni ukungena kwimarike yaseMelika?
Dmitriy: I-NGINX lishishini le-b2b. Ngaphezu koko, ayaziwa ngokubanzi kubasebenzisi, kuba isebenza kwinqanaba leziseko ezingundoqo, umntu unokuthi i-middleware.Imakethi ephambili ye-b2b yi-USA - i-40% yemarike yehlabathi igxile apho.
Impumelelo kwimarike yaseMelika imisela impumelelo nakuphi na ukuqalisa.
Ke ngoko, isicwangciso esinengqiqo kukuya e-USA, uqeshe ngoko nangoko umntu oza kuphatha inkampani yaseMelika, aphuhlise ishishini kwaye atsale abatyali-mali baseMelika. Ukuba ufuna ukuthengisa isoftware yeziseko zophuhliso e-USA, kubalulekile ukuba ube nabatyali-mali baseMelika emva kwakho.
- Ngubani oweza kubani: wena ukuba nginx, nginx kuwe?
Dmitriy: Sasineendawo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zoqhagamshelwano. Mhlawumbi sibonise inyathelo elikhulu, kuba nalapho nginx yayiphawuleka. Nangona yayingekabiyinkampani kwaye nesabelo semarike sasincinci (6%), kwakusele kuninzi umdla wabatyali-zimali. Isivumelwano sasinokhuphiswano, ngoko ke, ngokuqinisekileyo, sasisebenza.
- Ibikweyiphi imeko imveliso? Kwakungekho nkampani, kodwa ngaba bekukho imizobo yenguqulelo yeshishini lorhwebo?
Dmitriy: Kwakukho iseva yewebhu evulekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yiNginx. Yayinabasebenzisi - i-6% yemarike yehlabathi. Enyanisweni, kukho izigidi, namashumi ezigidi zewebhusayithi. Kodwa, nangona kunjalo, kwakungekho nkampani, kwakungekho modeli yeshishini. Kwaye ekubeni kwakungekho nkampani, kwakungekho qela: kwakukho u-Igor Sysoev, umphuhlisi we-nginx kunye noluntu oluncinci olujikelezayo.
Eli libali elinomdla kakhulu. U-Igor waqala ukubhala nginx ixesha elide elidlulileyo - kwi-2002, kwaye wayikhulula ngo-2004. Inzala yokwenene kuyo ibonakala kuphela ngo-2008, ngo-2011 wanyusa imali. Bambalwa abantu abazibuzayo ukuba kutheni kudlule ixesha elingaka. Kukho eneneni inkcazo yobugcisa enengqondo yoku.
Ngo-2002, u-Igor wasebenza e-Rambler, kwaye kwakukho ingxaki enye yena, njengomlawuli wenkqubo, wayixazulula-ingxaki ebizwa ngokuba yiC10k, oko kukuthi, ukubonelela ngezicelo ezingaphezu kwamawaka alishumi ngaxeshanye kwi-peak load. Emva koko le ngxaki yavela nje, kuba imithwalo enzima kwi-Intanethi yayiza kusetyenziswa. Zimbalwa iindawo ezidibana nazo - njengeRambler, Yandex, Mail.ru. Oku kwakungabalulekanga kwiiwebhusayithi ezininzi. Xa kukho izicelo ze-100-200 ngosuku, akukho nginx efunekayo, i-Apache iya kuyiphatha kakuhle.
Njengoko i-Intanethi ithandwa kakhulu, inani leendawo eziye zadibana nengxaki yeC10k zanda. Iisayithi ezininzi zaqala ukufuna iseva yewebhu ekhawulezayo ukuqhubekekisa izicelo, ezinje nge nginx.
Kodwa ukuqhuma komthwalo wangempela kwenzeka ngo-2008-2010 ngokufika kwee-smartphones.
Kulula ukucinga ukuba inani lezicelo kwiiseva landa ngokukhawuleza. Okokuqala, ixesha elichithwe usebenzisa i-Intanethi liye landa, kuba kuye kwenzeka ukuba ucofe amakhonkco naphi na naphi na, kwaye kungekhona nje xa uhleli ekhompyutheni. Okwesibini, indlela yokuziphatha komsebenzisi ngokwayo itshintshile - kunye nesikrini sokuchukumisa, ukucofa amakhonkco kuye kwaba yisiphithiphithi. Unokongeza iinethiwekhi zentlalo apha.
Oku kwakhokelela ekubeni Imithwalo ephezulu kwi-Intanethi yaqala ukukhula ngokukhawuleza. Umthwalo opheleleyo wakhula ngakumbi okanye ngaphantsi ngokulinganayo, kodwa iincopho ziye zabonakala ngakumbi. Kwavela ukuba ingxaki efanayo yeC10k iye yasasazeka. Ngalomzuzu ndinx ndaphuma.
- Sixelele ukuba iziganeko zaphuhliswa njani emva kwentlanganiso kunye no-Igor kunye neqela lakhe? Luqale nini uphuhliso lweziseko ezingundoqo kunye nezimvo zoshishino?
Dmitriy: Okokuqala, kwenziwa isivumelwano. Sele nditshilo ukuba isivumelwano sasinokhuphiswano, kwaye ekugqibeleni kwasekwa i-syndicate yabatyali-mali. Siye saba yinxalenye yale syndicate kunye neBV Capital (ngoku eyieventures) kunye noMichael Dell. Baqala bavala isivumelwano, kwaye emva koko baqala ukucinga ngomba wokufumana i-CEO yaseMelika.
Uvale njani isivumelwano? Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, kuvela ukuba ubungazi nokuba yintoni imodeli yeshishini kwaye iya kuhlawula nini? Ngaba utyala imali nje kwiqela, kwimveliso epholileyo?
Dmitriy: Ewe, esi yayisisivumelwano sembewu emsulwa. Asizange sicinge ngemodeli yeshishini ngelo xesha.
Ithisisi yethu yotyalo-mali yayisekelwe kwinto yokuba i-NGINX yimveliso ekhethekileyo enabaphulaphuli abakhula kakhulu.
Wayesombulula ingxaki enzima kakhulu kwaba baphulaphuli. Uvavanyo endiluthandayo, uvavanyo lwe-litmus kulo naluphi na utyalo-mali, kukuba ingaba imveliso isombulula ingxaki enkulu, ebuhlungu. I-NGINX iphumelele olu vavanyo lokuphahlazeka nge-bang: ingxaki yayinkulu, imithwalo yayikhula, iziza zaziphantsi. Kwaye kwakubuhlungu, kuba ixesha laliza xa iwebhusayithi yaba yinto ebizwa ngokuba yi-mission critical.
Kwiminyaka ye-90, abantu baqiqa ngolu hlobo: isayithi ilele apho - ngoku ndiza kubiza umlawuli wenkqubo, baya kuyithabatha ngeyure - kulungile. Ekupheleni kwee-2000s, kwiinkampani ezininzi, i-5 yemizuzu ephantsi-ixesha lilingana nemali elahlekileyo, isidima, njl. Into yokuba ingxaki ibibuhlungu licala elinye.
Icala lesibini thina njengabatyali-mali silijongayo umgangatho weqela. Apha sachukunyiswa ngu-Igor kunye nabasunguli bakhe. Yayingamava ahambelanayo kunye nemveliso eyodwa eyaphuhliswa ngumntu omnye.
β Kucacile ukuba iqela elinenani elithile lobuchule elihambelanayo likwadlale indima.
Dmitriy: Kubonakala kulungile kum ukuba u-Igor waphuhlisa imveliso yedwa, kodwa xa kwafika ixesha lokudala ishishini, akazange aphuthume kuyo yedwa, kodwa kunye namaqabane. Ukujonga iminyaka eyi-10 yamava otyalo-mali, ndingatsho ukuba ukuba namaqabane amabini asebenzisanayo ngokuqinisekileyo kunciphisa imingcipheko. Elona nani lilelona lilo labaseki ababini okanye abathathu. Enye incinci kakhulu, kodwa ezine sele zininzi.
- Kwenzeka ntoni emva koko? Xa isivumelwano sele senziwe, kodwa akukho mbono weshishini ophuhlisiwe okwangoku.
Dmitriy: Isivumelwano sigqityiwe, inkampani ibhalisiwe, amaxwebhu asayinwa, imali idluliswa - yiloo nto, masiqhube. Ngokuhambelana nophuhliso lwecandelo leshishini, siqeshe iqela labaphuhlisi abaqale ukusebenza kwimveliso. U-Andrey Alekseev, njenge-BizDev, wakha ubudlelwane bokuqala kunye nabathengi abanakho ukuqokelela impendulo. Wonke umntu wacinga kunye ngemodeli yeshishini, kwaye kunye babekhangela umphathi ophezulu oza kuphuhlisa ishishini laseMelika kwaye ngokusisiseko akhokele inkampani.
- Kwaye umfumene njani? Phi? Andikwazi nokuyithelekelela indlela yokwenza oku.
Dmitriy: Bonke abatyali-mali kunye nebhodi yabalawuli babeyenza le nto. Ekugqibeleni, ukhetho lwawela kuGus Robertson. UGus wayesebenza eRed Hat, omphathi wayo ophambili wayengumtyali-mali wethu. Sibhenele kwiRed Hat, kuba ingumthombo ovulekileyo, saza sathi sikhangela umntu onokuthi akhokele ishishini aliphuhlise libe lishishini leebhiliyoni zeedola. Bacebisa uGus.
Isivumelwano kunye ne-NGINX yavalwa kwi-2011, kwaye kwi-2012 sele sidibene noGus, kwaye ngokukhawuleza samthanda ngokwenene. Wayenemvelaphi kumthombo ovulekileyo ovela kwi-Red Hat - ngelo xesha yayiyeyona nkampani kuphela ene-dollar eyi-dollar yezigidigidi kwindawo evulekileyo. Ukongeza, uGus wayebandakanyeka kuphuhliso lweshishini kunye neentengiso - kanye le nto besiyifuna!
Ukongeza kwimvelaphi yakhe kunye namava, sathanda iimpawu zakhe zomntu - ungumntu ohlakaniphile, onengqondo kunye nengqondo ekhawulezayo, kwaye, okubalulekileyo, sasicinga ukuba wayenenkcubeko efanelekileyo kunye neqela. Ngokwenene, kwenzeka oku. Xa badibana, kwavela ukuba wonke umntu wayekubude obufanayo, wonke umntu wayenonxibelelwano oluhle kakhulu.
Senze isithembiso sikaGus kwaye waqala ukusebenza ekupheleni kuka-2012. UGus wanikezela ngokutyala imali yakhe kwi-NGINX. Bonke abatyali-mali bachukumisekile. Ngenxa yenqanaba eliphezulu lokubandakanyeka kukaGus, wazibandakanya neqela labasunguli kwaye wabonwa ngumntu wonke njengomseki wenkampani. Emva koko wayengomnye kwabane. Kukho ifoto edumileyo yabo bobane benxibe i-NGINX T-shirts.
Ifoto ithathwe kwi UDmitry Chikhachev malunga nembali yentsebenziswano phakathi kwe-NGINX kunye ne-Runa Capital.
β Ngaba uye wakwazi ukufumana imodeli yeshishini kwangoko, okanye yatshintsha kamva?
Dmitriy: Sikwazile ukufumana imodeli ngoko nangoko, kodwa ngaphambi koko siye saxoxa ixesha elithile ukuba njani kwaye yintoni. Kodwa ingxoxo ephambili yayikukuba uqhubeke nokuxhasa iprojekthi yomthombo ovulekileyo, nokuba ugcine nginx simahla, okanye ngokuthe ngcembe unyanzelise wonke umntu ukuba ahlawule.
Saye sagqiba kwelokuba into elungileyo ukuyenza iya kuba kukusebenzisa amandla oluntu olumi ngasemva nginx kwaye singabadanisi okanye sirhoxise inkxaso yeprojekthi yomthombo ovulekileyo.
Ke ngoko, sigqibe kwelokuba sigcine i-nginx umthombo ovulekileyo, kodwa senze imveliso eyongezelelweyo ekhethekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-NGINX Plus. Le yimveliso yorhwebo esekwe kwi nginx, esisinika ilayisensi kubathengi beshishini. Okwangoku, ishishini eliphambili le-NGINX lithengisa iilayisensi ze-NGINX Plus.
Umahluko omkhulu phakathi kweenguqulelo ezivulekileyo nezihlawulweyo zezi:
- I-NGINX Plus inomsebenzi owongezelelweyo kumashishini, ngokuyinhloko ukulinganisa umthwalo.
- Ngokungafaniyo nemveliso yomthombo ovulekileyo, kukho inkxaso yomsebenzisi.
- Le mveliso kulula ukuyiphatha. Lo ayingomakhi okufuneka uzihlanganise ngokwakho, kodwa iphakheji yokubini esele ilungile onokuthi uyibeke kwisiseko sakho.
β Unxibelelana njani umthombo ovulekileyo kunye nemveliso yorhwebo? Ngaba nayiphi na imisebenzi esuka kwimveliso yorhwebo ihamba iye kumthombo ovulekileyo?
Dmitriy: Imveliso yomthombo ovulekileyo iyaqhubeka nokuphuhlisa ngokuhambelana neyorhwebo. Okunye ukusebenza kongezwa kuphela kwimveliso yorhwebo, ezinye zombini apha naphaya. Kodwa undoqo wenkqubo ngokucacileyo uyafana.
Inqaku elibalulekileyo kukuba i-nginx ngokwayo iyimveliso encinci kakhulu. Ndicinga ukuba kuphela malunga 200 amawaka imigca ikhowudi. Umceli mngeni yayikukuvelisa iimveliso ezongezelelweyo. Kodwa oku sele kwenzekile emva komjikelo olandelayo wotyalo-mali, xa kuqaliswe iimveliso ezininzi ezintsha: NGINX Amplify (2014-2015), NGINX Controller (2016) kunye ne-NGINX Unit (2017-2018). Umgca wemveliso kumashishini wandiswa.
β Kwakhawuleza kangakanani kwacaca ukuba uyifumene kakuhle imodeli? Ngaba uphumelele intlawulo, okanye sele kucacile ukuba ishishini liyakhula kwaye liza kuzisa imali?
Dmitriy: Unyaka wokuqala wengeniso ibingu-2014, xa safumana izigidi zethu zokuqala zeedola. Ngeli xesha, kwacaca ukuba kukho imfuno, kodwa uqoqosho ngokubhekiselele kwiintengiso kunye nokuba imodeli iya kuvumela kangakanani ukunyuswa kwakungaqondwa ngokupheleleyo.
Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, ngo-2016-2017, sasisele siqonda ukuba uqoqosho lwalulungile: kwakukho ukuphuma kwabathengi abancinci, kwakukho ukuthengisa, kunye nabathengi, beqalise ukusebenzisa i-NGINX, bathenge ngakumbi nangaphezulu. Emva koko kwacaca ukuba oku kunokwandiswa ngakumbi. Oku kwakhokelela kwimijikelo eyongezelelweyo yenkxaso-mali, esele ihambile ekunyuseni umbutho wokuthengisa kunye nokuqesha abantu abongezelelweyo e-US nakwamanye amazwe. Ngoku i-NGINX ineeofisi zokuthengisa e-States, eYurophu, e-Asia - kwihlabathi lonke.
- Ngaba i-NGINX yinkampani enkulu ngoku?
Dmitriy: Sele kukho malunga nama-200 abantu.
- Ubukhulu becala, mhlawumbi, ezi zintengiso kunye nenkxaso?
Dmitriy: Uphuhliso luseyinxalenye entle yenkampani. Kodwa ukuthengisa kunye nokuthengisa yinxalenye enkulu.
- Ngaba uphuhliso luqhutywa ikakhulu ngabafana baseRashiya abasekelwe eMoscow?
Dmitriy: Uphuhliso ngoku luyaqhubeka kumaziko amathathu - eMoscow, eCalifornia, naseIreland. Kodwa u-Igor uyaqhubeka ehlala eMoscow ixesha elininzi, ukuya emsebenzini, kunye neprogram.
Salandela yonke indlela: ukuqala ngo-2002, ukukhululwa kwe-nginx ngo-2004, ukukhula ngo-2008-2009, ukudibana nabatyali-mali kwi-2010, ukuthengiswa kokuqala kwi-2013, i-dollar yokuqala ye-dollar kwi-2014. Kuthekani ngo-2019? Impumelelo?
Dmitriy: Ngo-2019 - ukuphuma kakuhle.
β Ngaba lo ngumjikelo wexesha eliqhelekileyo lokuqalisa, okanye ngaphandle komgaqo?
Dmitriy: Lo ngumjikelo oqhelekileyo ngokupheleleyo ngexesha - kuxhomekeke kwinto obala kuyo. Xa u-Igor wabhala i-nginx - kwakungekho nto ukuba ndixelele le backstory - i-nginx yayingeyona imveliso enkulu. Emva koko, ngo-2008-2009, i-intanethi yatshintsha, kwaye i-nginx yaduma kakhulu.
Ukuba sibala ukusuka ku-2009-2010, ngoko Umjikelo weminyaka eyi-10 uqhelekile ngokupheleleyo., Ukuqwalasela ukuba ngokusisiseko le yithuba apho imveliso isanda kuqalisa ukufunwa. Ukuba sibala ukusuka kumjikelo we-2011, iminyaka eyi-8 ukusuka kwixesha lotyalo-mali lwembewu yokuqala ikwalixesha eliqhelekileyo.
- Ungasitshela ntoni ngoku, ukugqiba isihloko kunye ne-NGINX, malunga neF5, malunga nezicwangciso zabo - kuya kwenzeka ntoni kwi-NGINX?
Dmitriy: Andazi- le yimfihlelo yenkampani yeF5. Into kuphela endinokuyongeza kukuba ukuba u-google "F5 NGINX" ngoku, izixhumanisi zokuqala ezilishumi ziya kuba ziindaba ukuba i-F5 ifumene i-NGINX. Kumbuzo ofanayo kwiiveki ezimbini ezidlulileyo, ukukhangela kuya kuqala ukubuyisela amakhonkco alishumi malunga nendlela yokufuduka ukusuka kwi-F5 ukuya kwi-NGINX.
β Bebengayi kumbulala umntu okhuphisana naye!
Dmitriy: Hayi ngoba? Ushicilelo lweendaba luchaza abaza kukwenza.
-Yonke into ekushicilelo lweendaba ilungile: asiyi kuchukumisa nabani na, yonke into iya kukhula njengangaphambili.
Dmitriy: Ndicinga ukuba ezi nkampani zinenkcubeko entle kakhulu. Ngale ndlela, bobabini basasebenza kwicandelo elinye - uthungelwano kunye nomthwalo. Kunjalo ngoba Yonke into iza kulunga.
β Umbuzo wokugqibela: Ndingumdwelisi wenkqubo okrelekrele, kufuneka ndenze ntoni ukuphinda impumelelo yam?
Dmitriy: Ukuphinda impumelelo ka-Igor Sysoev, kufuneka uqale uqonde ukuba yeyiphi ingxaki yokusombulula, kuba imali ihlawulwa kwikhowudi kuphela xa isombulula ingxaki enkulu kunye nentlungu.
- Kwaye ke kuwe? Kwaye ke uya kunceda.
Dmitriy: Ewe ngolonwabo.
Enkosi kakhulu kuDmitry ngodliwano-ndlebe. Siza kukubona kwakhona kungekudala ngengxowa-mali ye-Runa Capital . Kwindawo apho, ngoku sinokuthi ngokuzithemba okupheleleyo, sidibanisa abaphuhlisi abangcono kakhulu abangaveli eRashiya, kodwa behlabathi lonke. Ngubani owaziyo, mhlawumbi kwiminyaka embalwa sonke siya kuba sixoxa ngomdla wokuphumelela komnye wenu. Ukongeza, ngoku kuyacaca ukuba uqale phi - ukukhangela isisombululo kwingxaki ebalulekileyo!
umthombo: www.habr.com