Kwiveki ephelileyo, uNikita Alexandrov, iNzululwazi yeDatha kwi-Unity Ads, wathetha kwiinethiwekhi zethu zentlalo, apho ephucula i-algorithms yokuguqula. Ngoku uNikita uhlala eFinland, yaye phakathi kwezinye izinto, wathetha ngobomi be-IT kweli lizwe.
Sabelana nawe ngokubhaliweyo kunye nokurekhodwa kodliwano-ndlebe.
Igama lam nguNikita Aleksandrov, ndakhulela eTatarstan ndaza ndaphumelela esikolweni apho, ndathatha inxaxheba kwii-olympiad zezibalo. Emva koko, wangena kwi-Faculty ye-Computer Science kwi-Higher School of Economics kwaye wagqiba isidanga sakhe se-bachelor's degree apho. Ekuqaleni konyaka wam wesine ndaya kwisifundo sokutshintshiselana kwaye ndachitha isemester eFinland. Ndayithanda ke apho, ndangena kwiprogram ye-master's e-Aalto University, nangona ndingazange ndiyigqibe ngokupheleleyo- ndazigqiba zonke izifundo ndaqalisa ukubhala ithisisi yam, kodwa ndayeka ukusebenza e-Unity ngaphandle kokufumana isidanga sam. Ngoku ndisebenza kwi-Unity data science, isebe libizwa ngokuba yi-Operate Solutions (ngaphambili lalibizwa ngokuba yi-Monetization); Iqela lam lihambisa ngokuthe ngqo intengiso. Oko kukuthi, intengiso yomdlalo-leyo ibonakala xa udlala umdlalo weselula kwaye kufuneka ufumane ubomi obongezelelweyo, umzekelo. Ndisebenza ekuphuculeni i-ad conversion - oko kukuthi, ukwenza umdlali ukuba acofe intengiso.
Uhambe njani?
Okokuqala, ndeza eFinland ukuze ndifundele isiqingatha sonyaka, emva koko ndabuyela eRashiya ndaza ndagqibezela idiploma yam. Emva koko ndangena kwiprogram ye-master kwiYunivesithi yaseAalto ekufundeni ngomatshini / isayensi yedatha. Ekubeni ndandingumfundi otshintshileyo, kwakunganyanzelekanga nokuba ndibhale iimviwo zesiNgesi; Ndayenza lula, ndandiyazi into endiyenzayo. Ndina 3 years ngoku ndihlala apha.
Ngaba isiFinnish siyimfuneko?
Kuyimfuneko ukuba uza kufunda apha kwisidanga se-bachelor. Zimbalwa kakhulu iinkqubo zesiNgesi ze-bachelors; udinga isiFinnish okanye isiSwedish - olu lulwimi lwesibini lwaseburhulumenteni, ezinye iiyunivesithi zifundisa ngesiSwedish. Kodwa kwiinkqubo ze-master kunye ne-PhD, iinkqubo ezininzi zingesiNgesi. Ukuba sithetha ngonxibelelwano lwemihla ngemihla kunye nobomi bemihla ngemihla, abaninzi abantu apha bathetha isiNgesi, malunga ne-90%. Ngokuqhelekileyo abantu baphila iminyaka ngexesha (ugxa wam uhlala iminyaka engama-20) ngaphandle kolwimi lwesiFinnish.
Ngokuqinisekileyo, ukuba ufuna ukuhlala apha, kufuneka ubuncinane uqonde isiFinnish kwinqanaba lokuzalisa iifom - igama lokugqibela, igama lokuqala, njalo njalo.
Ngaba umgangatho wemfundo wahlukile kwiiyunivesithi zaseRussian Federation? Ngaba babonelela ngazo zonke iziseko eziyimfuneko kwisixhobo esincinci?
Umgangatho wahlukile. Kubonakala kum ukuba eRashiya bazama ukufundisa izinto ezininzi ngexesha elinye: i-equations eyahlukileyo, imathematika ecacileyo kunye nokunye okuninzi. Ngapha koko, kuya kufuneka uthathe izixhobo ezongezelelweyo, njengesifundo okanye dissertation, ufunde into entsha ngokwakho, uthathe izifundo ezithile. Apha kwakulula kum kwinkqubo yenkosi; Ndandiyazi into eninzi eyenzekayo. Kwakhona, eFinland i-bachelor ayikabi yingcali; kusekho ukwahlukana okunjalo. Ngoku, ukuba unesidanga se-master, ungafumana umsebenzi. Ndiya kuthetha ukuba kwiinkqubo zenkosi eFinland izakhono zentlalo zibalulekile, kubalulekile ukuthatha inxaxheba, ukuba usebenze; kukho iiprojekthi zophando. Ukuba kukho uphando olunomdla kuwe, kwaye ufuna ukugrumba nzulu, ngoko unako ukufumana abafowunelwa bakanjingalwazi, usebenze kweli cala, kwaye uphuhlise.
Oko kukuthi, impendulo ithi "ewe," kodwa kufuneka ube nentlalontle, ubambelele kuwo onke amathuba ukuba akhona. Omnye wabahlobo bam waya kusebenza kwindawo yokuqala eValley- kukho inkqubo eyunivesithi ejonga uqalo olufanelekileyo kwaye ilungiselela udliwano-ndlebe. Ndicinga ukuba wade waya kwi-CERN kamva.
Inkampani yaseFinland ibakhuthaza njani abasebenzi, zeziphi izibonelelo?
Ngaphandle komvuzo ocacileyo, kukho izibonelelo zentlalo. Umzekelo, isixa sekhefu lokuya kubeleka kubazali. Kukho i-inshurensi yezempilo, izitokhwe, iinketho. Kukho i-accrual engaqhelekanga yeentsuku zeholide. Akukho nto ikhethekileyo, ngokusisiseko.
Sine-sauna kwiofisi yethu, umzekelo.
Kukho amakhuphoni - isixa esithile semali yesidlo sasemini, izithuthi zikawonkewonke, kwimicimbi yenkcubeko nemidlalo (iimyuziyam, ezemidlalo).
Yintoni enokucetyiswa ngumfundi wezobuntu ukuba angene kwi-IT?
Phinda ikhosi yesikolo kwaye ungene kwi-HSE? Abadwelisi benkqubo bahlala benemvelaphi yezibalo/iiOlympiads...
Ndicebisa, ngokuqinisekileyo, ukuphucula imathematika yakho. Kodwa akuyomfuneko ukuphinda ikhosi yesikolo. Ngokuchanekileyo, kufuneka iphindwe kuphela ukuba awukhumbuli nantoni na. Ukongeza, kufuneka wenze isigqibo sokuba yeyiphi i-IT ofuna ukungena kuyo. Ukuze ube ngumphuhlisi wesiphelo sangaphambili, akuyomfuneko ukuba wazi imathematika: kufuneka uthathe izifundo eziphambili kwaye ufunde. Umhlobo wam kutshanje uye wagqiba ekubeni abhalise kwizifundo ezivela kwi-Accenture, ngoku ufunda i-Scala; Akangomntu, kodwa wayengenawo amava okuprograma. Kuxhomekeke kwinto ofuna ukuyicwangcisa kunye nokuba yintoni, udinga isixa esahlukileyo semathematika. Ewe kunjalo, ubungcali bokuFunda koMatshini bufuna imathematika, ngendlela enye okanye enye. Kodwa, ukuba ufuna nje ukuzama, kukho ezininzi izifundo ezahlukeneyo, ulwazi oluvulekileyo, iindawo apho ungadlala khona nge-neural network okanye uzakhele ngokwakho, okanye ukhuphele ukulungelelaniswa, utshintshe iiparameters kwaye ubone ukuba zitshintsha njani. Konke kuxhomekeke kwindlela enamandla ngayo inkuthazo.
Ukuba akusiyo imfihlo - imivuzo, amava, ubhala ntoni?
Ndibhala kwiPython - lulwimi oluqhelekileyo lokufunda koomatshini kunye nesayensi yedatha. Amava - abe namava ahlukeneyo; Ndandiyinjineli elula kwiinkampani ezininzi, ndandikwi-internship iinyanga ezininzi eMoscow. Khange ndifumane umsebenzi osisigxina phambi koManyano. Ndaye ndafika nda intern ndasebenza I intern for 9 months ndake ndaphumla ngoku ndinonyaka ndisebenza. Umvuzo uyakhuphisana, ngaphezu kwe-median yengingqi. Ingcali yabaqalayo iya kufumana kwi-3500 EUR; Oku kuyahluka ukusuka kwinkampani ukuya kwinkampani. Ngokubanzi, i-3.5-4 ngumvuzo wokuqala.
Zeziphi iincwadi kunye nezifundo ozicebisayo?
Andikuthandi ngakumbi ukufunda ezincwadini - kubalulekile ukuba ndizame impukane; khuphela into esele yenziwe kwaye uyizame ngokwakho. Ndizithatha njengomntu ozamayo, ngoko ke andikwazi ukunceda ngeencwadi. Kodwa ndibukele udliwano-ndlebe kunye nosasazo oluphilayo apha, apho isithethi sesibini sithetha ngokubanzi malunga neencwadi.
Kukho izifundo ezahlukeneyo. Ukuba ufuna ukuzama i-algorithm, thatha igama le-algorithm, indlela, iiklasi zendlela, kwaye uyifake kuphendlo. Nantoni na evela njengekhonkco lokuqala, emva koko jonga.
Ihlala ixesha elingakanani icocekile?
Emva kweerhafu - kufuneka uthathe irhafu kunye ne-8% (engekho irhafu, kodwa irhafu) - 2/3 yomvuzo uhlala. Ireyithi iyaguquguquka - okukhona ufumana umvuzo, kokukhona inyuka irhafu.
Zeziphi iinkampani ezifake izicelo zentengiso?
Kuya kufuneka uqonde ukuba Umanyano / Iintengiso zoManyano zibandakanyeka kwimidlalo yentengiso yeselula. Oko kukuthi, sine-niche, siyazi kakuhle imidlalo yeselula, unokuyidala kuManyano. Nje ukuba ubhale umdlalo, ufuna ukwenza imali kuwo, kwaye ukwenza imali yenye yeendlela.
Nayiphi na inkampani inokufaka isicelo sokukhangisa - izitolo ze-intanethi, izicelo ezahlukeneyo zemali. Wonke umntu ufuna intengiso. Ngokukodwa, abathengi bethu abaphambili ngabaphuhlisi bemidlalo yeselula.
Zeziphi iiprojekthi ezifanelekileyo ukuzenza ukuphucula izakhono zakho?
Umbuzo omhle. Ukuba sithetha ngesayensi yedatha, kufuneka uziphucule ngekhosi ye-intanethi (umzekelo, iStanford inayo) okanye iyunivesithi ekwi-intanethi. Kukho amaqonga ahlukeneyo okufuneka uwahlawule - umzekelo, Udacity. Kukho umsebenzi wasekhaya, iividiyo, ukucebisa, kodwa ulonwabo alubizi.
Ukunciphisa umdla wakho (umzekelo, uhlobo oluthile lokufunda okomeleza), kokukhona kunzima ukufumana iiprojekthi. Ungazama ukuthatha inxaxheba kukhuphiswano lwe-kaggle: yiya ku-kaggle.com, kukho ukhuphiswano oluninzi olwahlukeneyo lokufunda koomatshini apho. Uthatha into esele inohlobo oluthile lwesiseko esiqhotyoshelwe kuyo; download kwaye uqale ukuyenza. Oko kukuthi, kukho iindlela ezininzi: unokufunda ngokwakho, ungathatha ikhosi ye-intanethi - simahla okanye ihlawulwe, unokuthatha inxaxheba kukhuphiswano. Ukuba ufuna ukukhangela umsebenzi kwi-Facebook, Google, njalo njalo, ngoko kufuneka ufunde indlela yokusombulula iingxaki ze-algorithmic - oko kukuthi, kufuneka uye kwi-LeetCode, ufumane izakhono zakho apho ukuze uphumelele udliwano-ndlebe.
Chaza imephu yendlela emfutshane yoqeqesho lokuFunda ngoomatshini?
Ndiza kukuxelela ngokufanelekileyo, ngaphandle kokuzenza ngathi yinto yonke. Okokuqala uthathe izifundo zezibalo e-uni, udinga ulwazi kunye nokuqonda i-algebra yomgca, okunokwenzeka kunye neenkcukacha-manani. Emva koko, umntu ukuxelela ngeML; ukuba uhlala kwisixeko esikhulu, kufuneka kubekho izikolo ezibonelela ngezifundo zeML. Eyona nto idumileyo yi-SHAD, i-Yandex School of Data Analysis. Ukuba uyaphumelela kwaye unokufunda iminyaka emibini, uya kufumana sonke isiseko seML. Kuya kufuneka uphucule ngakumbi izakhono zakho kuphando kunye nomsebenzi.
Ukuba kukho ezinye iinketho: umzekelo, i-Tinkov inezifundo zokufunda koomatshini kunye nethuba lokufumana umsebenzi eTinkoff emva kokuphumelela. Ukuba oku kukulungele, bhalisela ezi khosi. Kukho imigangatho yokungena eyahlukeneyo: umzekelo, i-SHAD ineemvavanyo zokungena.
Ukuba awufuni ukuthatha iikhosi eziqhelekileyo, ungaqala ngezifundo ze-intanethi, apho zininzi ngokwaneleyo. Kuxhomekeke kuwe; ukuba unesiNgesi esilungileyo, kulungile, kuya kuba lula ukusifumana. Ukuba akunjalo, mhlawumbi kukho into apho. Iintetho ezifanayo ze-SHAD ziyafumaneka esidlangalaleni.
Emva kokufumana isiseko sethiyori, ungaqhubela phambili - kwi-internship, uphando, njalo njalo.
Ngaba kuyenzeka ukuba ufunde umatshini wokufunda ngokwakho? Ngaba ukhe wadibana nomdwelisi onjalo?
Ndicinga ukuba ewe. Kufuneka nje ube nentshukumisa enamandla. Umntu unokufunda isiNgesi yedwa, umzekelo, kodwa umntu kufuneka athathe izifundo, kwaye yindlela kuphela lo mntu anokufunda ngayo. Kuyafana nakwi-ML. Nangona ndingamazi umdwelisi weprogram ofunde yonke into eyedwa, mhlawumbi andinabo nje abaninzi endibaziyo; bonke abahlobo bam bafunda ngendlela eqhelekileyo. Andiyi kucinga ukuba kufuneka ufunde i-100% ngale ndlela: into ephambili ngumnqweno wakho, ixesha lakho. Ewe kunjalo, ukuba awunaso isiseko semathematika, kuya kufuneka uchithe ixesha elininzi ukusiphuhlisa.
Ukongeza ekuqondeni ukuba kuthetha ukuthini ukuba yinzululwazi yedatha: Andiyenzi idatha yedatha ngokwam.
ence njengophando. Inkampani yethu ayisiyo ilabhoratri apho siphuhlisa khona iindlela ngelixa sizivalele elabhoratri iinyanga ezintandathu. Ndisebenza ngokuthe ngqo nemveliso, kwaye ndifuna izakhono zobunjineli; Kufuneka ndibhale ikhowudi kwaye ndibe nezakhono zobunjineli ukuze ndiqonde ukuba yintoni esebenzayo. Abantu bahlala bezishiya ezi mpawu xa bethetha ngenzululwazi yedatha. Maninzi amabali abantu abanePhD ababhala engafundekiyo, eyoyikeka, ikhowudi engacwangciswanga kwaye baneengxaki ezinkulu emva kokuba bethathe isigqibo sokungena kushishino. Oko kukuthi, ngokudibanisa noKufunda koMatshini, umntu makangalibali malunga nezakhono zobunjineli.
Inzululwazi yedatha yindawo engathethi ngayo ngokwayo. Unokufumana umsebenzi kwinkampani ejongene nesayensi yedatha, kwaye uya kubhala imibuzo ye-SQL, okanye kuya kuba lula ukubuyisela izinto. Ngokomgaqo, oku kukufunda koomatshini, kodwa inkampani nganye inokuqonda kwayo ukuba yintoni isayensi yedatha. Umzekelo, umhlobo wam kuFacebook uthe isayensi yedatha kuxa abantu beqhuba nje iimvavanyo zamanani: cofa amaqhosha, uqokelele iziphumo kwaye emva koko uzibonise. Kwangaxeshanye, mna ngokwam ndiphucula iindlela zokuguqula kunye ne-algorithms; kwezinye iinkampani obu bukhethekileyo bunokubizwa ngokuba yinjineli yokufunda koomatshini. Izinto zinokwahluka kwiinkampani ezahlukeneyo.
Ngawaphi amathala eencwadi owasebenzisayo?
Sisebenzisa iiKeras kunye neTensorFlow. I-PyTorch nayo inokwenzeka - oku akubalulekanga, kukuvumela ukuba wenze zonke izinto ezifanayo - kodwa ngaxa lithile kwagqitywa ukuzisebenzisa. Ngemveliso ekhoyo kunzima ukuyitshintsha.
Ubumbano alunayo izazinzulu zedatha kuphela ezenza ngcono ii-algorithms zokuguqulwa, kodwa kwakhona i-GameTune yinto apho uphucula khona iimethrikhi ngokwenzuzo okanye ukugcinwa usebenzisa izifundo ezahlukeneyo. Masithi umntu udlale umdlalo kwaye wathi: Andiqondi, andinamdla - wayiyeka; Kulula kakhulu kwabanye, kodwa ngokuchaseneyo, naye wayeka. Yiyo loo nto i-GameTune idingeka- inyathelo elilungelelanisa ubunzima bemidlalo ngokusekelwe kubuchule bomdlali, okanye imbali yokudlala, okanye ukuba bathenga kangaphi into kwi-app.
Kukwakho iiLebhu zoManyano- ungaGoogle naloo nto. Kukho ividiyo apho uthatha ibhokisi ye-cereal, kwaye ngasemva kwayo kukho imidlalo efana ne-mazes - kodwa iyahambelana nenyani eyongeziweyo, kwaye unokulawula umntu kwikhadibhodi. Ijongeka ipholile kakhulu.
Unokuthetha ngokuthe ngqo malunga neeNtengiso zoBumbano. Ukuba uthatha isigqibo sokubhala umdlalo, kwaye uthathe isigqibo sokuwupapasha kwaye wenze imali, kuya kufuneka usombulule iingxaki ezinzima.
Ndiza kuqala ngomzekelo: I-Apple ibhengeze ukuqaliswa kwe-iOS 14. Kuyo, umdlali onokuthi angangena kwisicelo kwaye athi akafuni ukwabelana ngeDivaysi-ID yakhe nabani na. Nangona kunjalo, uyavuma ukuba umgangatho weentengiso uya kuhla. Kodwa kwangaxeshanye, ingumceli mngeni kuthi kuba ukuba asikwazi ukukuchonga, ngoko asizukwazi ukuqokelela iimetriki ezithile, kwaye siya kuba nolwazi oluncinci ngawe. Kuya kusiba nzima kwisazi sedatha ukwenza umsebenzi omkhulu kwihlabathi elizinikele ngakumbi kubumfihlo kunye nokhuseleko lwedatha - kukho idata encinci, kunye neendlela ezikhoyo.
Ukongeza kuManyano, kukho izigebenga ezifana ne-Facebook kunye ne-Google-kwaye, kubonakala ngathi, kutheni sifuna iiNtengiso zoBumbano? Kodwa kufuneka uqonde ukuba ezi nethiwekhi zentengiso zinokusebenza ngokwahlukileyo kumazwe ahlukeneyo. Ngokuthetha ngokuthelekisayo, kukho amazwe akwiNqanaba loku-1 (eMelika, eCanada, eOstreliya); Kukho amazwe angama-2 (e-Asia), kukho amazwe angama-2 (i-India, i-Brazil). Iinethiwekhi zentengiso zinokusebenza ngokwahlukileyo kuzo. Uhlobo lwentengiso olusetyenziswayo nalo lubalulekile. Ngaba luhlobo lwesiqhelo, okanye intengiso "enomvuzo" - xa, umzekelo, ukuze uqhubeke ukusuka kwindawo enye emva komdlalo, kufuneka ubukele intengiso. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zentengiso, abantu abahlukeneyo. Kwamanye amazwe, enye inethiwekhi yentengiso isebenza ngcono, kwamanye, enye. Kwaye njengenqaku elongezelelweyo, ndivile ukuba udibaniso lwe-AdMob lukaGoogle lunzima ngakumbi kune-Unity's.
Oko kukuthi, ukuba wenze umdlalo kuManyano, emva koko udityaniswa ngokuzenzekelayo kwiiNtengiso zoBumbano. Umahluko kukulula kokudibanisa. Ndingacebisa ntoni: kukho into efana nolamlo; ineendawo ezahlukeneyo: unokuseta izikhundla "kwi-waterfall" yokubeka intengiso. Unokuthi, umzekelo, oku: Ndifuna i-Facebook iboniswe kuqala, emva koko iGoogle, emva koko i-Unity. Kwaye, ukuba i-Facebook kunye neGoogle bagqiba ekubeni bangabonisi iintengiso, ngoko Ubumbano luya kuthi. Okukhona uthungelwano lwentengiso luninzi, kokukhona lungcono. Oku kunokuthathwa njengotyalo-mali, kodwa utyala imali kwinani elahlukileyo leentengiso zenethiwekhi kanye.
Unokuthetha nangezinto ezibalulekileyo kwimpumelelo yephulo lentengiso. Enyanisweni, akukho nto ikhethekileyo apha: kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba intengiso ihambelana nomxholo wesicelo sakho. Unako, umzekelo, ukukhangela iYouTube "kwi-app ads mafia" kwaye ubone ukuba intengiso isenokungahambelani nomxholo. Kukwakho neapp ebizwa ngokuba yiHomescapes (okanye iGardenscapes?). Kungakhathaliseki ukuba iphulo limiselwe ngokuchanekileyo: ukwenzela ukuba ukukhangisa ngesiNgesi kuboniswe kubaphulaphuli abathetha isiNgesi, kunye nesiRashiya kubaphulaphuli abathetha isiRashiya. Ngokuqhelekileyo kukho iimpazamo kule nto: abantu abayiqondi nje, bayifaka ngokungaqhelekanga.
Kuya kufuneka wenze iividiyo ezipholileyo ezahlukeneyo, cinga ngefomathi, cinga malunga nokuba uzihlaziya kangaphi. Kwiinkampani ezinkulu, abantu abakhethekileyo benza oku - abaphathi bokufumana abasebenzisi. Ukuba ungumphuhlisi omnye, awuyifuni le nto, okanye uyayifuna emva kokuzuza ukukhula okuthile.
Zithini izicwangciso zakho zekamva?
Ndisasebenza apho ndikhoyo ngoku. Mhlawumbi ndiya kufumana ubumi Finnish - oku kunokwenzeka emva kweminyaka 5 yokuhlala (ukuba ngaphantsi kweminyaka engama-30, kufuneka kwakhona ukukhonza, ukuba umntu akenzanga oku kwelinye ilizwe).
Kwakutheni ukuze ufudukele eFinland?
Ewe, eli ayilolizwe elidume kakhulu ukuba ingcali ye-IT ifudukele kulo. Abantu abaninzi bahamba neentsapho kuba kukho izibonelelo zentlalo ezilungileyo apha - iinkulisa, iindawo zokugcina abantwana, kunye nekhefu lokuya kubeleka kuye nawuphi na umzali. Bekutheni zendizishukumise nje bendithanda apha. Ndingathanda mhlawumbi naphi na, kodwa iFinland isondelelene ngokwengqondo yenkcubeko; Kukho ukungafani kunye neRashiya, kunjalo, kodwa kukho ukufana. Umncinci, ukhuselekile, kwaye akanakuze abandakanyeke kuzo naziphi na iingxaki ezinkulu. Oku akusiyo iMelika eqhelekileyo, apho unokufumana umongameli ongathandwayo, kwaye into iya kuqala ngenxa yale nto; kwaye kungekhona i-Great Britain, ngokukhawuleza ifuna ukushiya i-EU, kwaye kuya kubakho iingxaki. Kukho abantu abazizigidi ezi-5 kuphela apha. Nangona ubhubhani we-coronavirus, iFinland yahlangabezana kakuhle ngokuthelekiswa namanye amazwe.
Ngaba uceba ukubuyela eRashiya?
Andizukuya okwangoku. Akukho nto inokundithintela ekwenzeni oku, kodwa ndiziva ndikhululekile apha. Ngaphezu koko, ukuba ndisebenza eRashiya, kuya kufuneka ndibhalise emkhosini, yaye ndingabizelwa emkhosini.
Malunga neenkqubo zenkosi eFinland
Akukho nto engcono. Ukuba sithetha ngomxholo weentetho, yinto nje yeesilayidi; kukho imathiriyeli yethiyori, i-semina kunye nokusebenza, apho le thiyori ihlonitshwa, emva koko uvavanyo kuzo zonke ezi zinto (ithiyori kunye nemisebenzi).
Feature: abayi kugxothwa kwinkqubo yenkosi. Ukuba awuluphumelelanga uviwo, kuya kufuneka ukuba uthathe esi sifundo kwisiqingatha sonyaka esilandelayo. Kukho umda kuphela kwixesha elipheleleyo lokufunda: kwi-degree ye-bachelor degree - akukho ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-7, kwi-degree degree - iminyaka emi-4. Ungayigqiba ngokulula yonke into kwiminyaka emibini, ngaphandle kwekhosi enye, kwaye uyolule ngaphezulu kweminyaka emi-2, okanye uthathe izifundiswa.
Ngaba umsebenzi eMoscow naseFinland wahluke kakhulu?
Bendingatsho. Iinkampani ze-IT ezifanayo, imisebenzi efanayo. Ngokwenkcubeko kunye nemihla ngemihla, kukulungele, umsebenzi ukufuphi, isixeko sincinci. Ivenkile yegrosari ingumzuzu omnye ukusuka kum, indawo yokuzivocavoca mithathu, umsebenzi ngamashumi amabini anesihlanu, umnyango nomnyango. Ndiyazithanda iisayizi; Andizange ndihlale kwizixeko ezitofotofo ngolu hlobo ngaphambili, apho yonke into ikufuphi. Indalo entle, ulwandle lukufuphi.
Kodwa ngokomsebenzi, ndicinga ukuba yonke into, dibanisa okanye thabatha, iyafana. Ngokuphathelele kwimarike yomsebenzi we-IT eFinland, malunga nokufunda koomatshini, inqaku elithile lokuba kwizinto ezizodwa ezinxulumene ne-ML, i-PhD okanye ubuncinane isidanga se-master siyafuneka. Ndiyakholelwa ukuba oku kuya kutshintsha kwikamva elibonakalayo. Kusekho ucalucalulo apha: ukuba unesidanga se-bachelor, awukwazi ukuba yingcali eqeqeshiweyo, kodwa ukuba unesidanga se-master's, une-specialization kwaye unokusebenza. Kwaye ukuba unayo i-PhD, ke yonke into ipholile ngokupheleleyo, kwaye unokwenza uphando lwe-IT. Nangona, kubonakala kum, nangona abantu abagqibile i-PhD yabo abanako ukudibanisa ngokupheleleyo kwishishini, kwaye abanako ukuqonda ukuba i-industry ayikho kuphela i-algorithms kunye neendlela, kodwa kunye neshishini. Ukuba awuliqondi ishishini, andiyazi ukuba ungayikhulisa njani inkampani kwaye uqonde ukuba isebenza njani yonke le meta-system.
Ke umbono wokufudukela kwisikolo esiphumelele isidanga kwaye kwangoko ufumane umsebenzi kunzima kakhulu; ukuba ufudukela eFinland ngesidanga se-bachelor, awukho igama. Kufuneka ube namava omsebenzi ukuba uthi: Ndasebenza eYandex, i-Mail, iKaspersky Lab, njl.
Ungaphila njani kwi-500 EUR eFinland?
Ungaphila. Ukuba ungumfundi, kufuneka uqonde ukuba awuyi kuba ne-scholarship; I-EU inokubonelela ngemali, kodwa kuphela kubafundi abatshintshisanayo. Ukuba ungena eyunivesithi eFinland, kuya kufuneka uqonde ukuba uya kuphila njani. Kukho iinketho ezininzi; ukuba ubhalisa kwiprogram ye-master kunye ne-PhD track (oko kukuthi, ngaxeshanye kwiprogram ye-master kunye ne-PhD), ngoko ke ukusuka kunyaka wokuqala uya kwenza umsebenzi wophando kwaye ufumane imali ngayo.
Incinci, kodwa iya kuba yanele kumfundi. Olwesibini ukhetho ngumsebenzi wesingxungxo; umzekelo, ndandingumncedisi wokufundisa kwikhosi ethile kwaye ndifumana i-400 EUR ngenyanga.
Ngendlela, iFinland ineenzuzo ezilungileyo zabafundi. Unokungena kwindawo yokulala ye-300 okanye i-200 EUR kwigumbi ngalinye, ungadla kwii-canteens zabafundi ngexabiso elimiselweyo (yonke into oyibeka kwi-plate yakho yi-2.60 EUR). Abanye bazama ukufumana isidlo sakusasa, isidlo sasemini kunye nesidlo sakusihlwa kwigumbi lokutyela nge-2.60; ukuba wenza oku, ungaphila kwi-500 EUR. Kodwa obu bubuncinane obuncinane.
Ungaya phi ukuba ufuna ukuba ngumdwelisi wenkqubo?
Unokubhalisa kwi-Faculty ye-Computer Science kwi-Higher School of Economics, iMoscow Institute of Physics and Technology - FIVT kunye neFUPM, okanye iComputer Science and Computing Committee yaseMoscow State University, umzekelo. Unokufumana into eSt. Petersburg. Kodwa andiyazi eyona meko ichanekileyo ngokufunda koomatshini, zama ukukhangela esi sihloko.
Ndifuna ukuthi ukuba ngumcwangcisi, uqeqesho lodwa alwanelanga. Kubalulekile ukuba ube ngumntu wentlalontle, kumnandi ukuthetha naye, ukuze wenze oonxibelelwano ngokukhawuleza. Abafowunelwa banokugqiba. Izindululo zobuqu kwinkampani zibonelela ngenzuzo ebonakalayo ngaphezu kwabanye abafaki-zicelo; unokutsiba nje ukuhlolwa komqeshi.
Ngokwemvelo, ubomi eFinland abukho kwaphela - ndashukuma, kwaye yonke into yaphola kwangoko. Nawuphi na umphambukeli usadibana nokothuka ngokwenkcubeko. Amazwe ahlukeneyo anabantu abahlukeneyo, iingqondo ezahlukeneyo, imithetho eyahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, apha kufuneka unakekele iirhafu ngokwakho - gcwalisa ikhadi lerhafu ngokwakho; ukuthenga imoto, ukuqesha indluβizinto ezininzi zisebenza ngokwahlukileyo. Kunzima kakhulu ukuba uthathe isigqibo sokuhamba. Abantu balapha abahlali kakhulu, imozulu ifana neSt. Petersburg - ngoNovemba-Disemba kunokubakho iintsuku ezi-1-2 zelanga. Abanye bade badandatheke apha; beza ngokuzithemba ukuba bafuneka kakhulu apha, kodwa oku kubonakala ukuba akunjalo, kwaye kufuneka bafumane imali ngokudlala ngemithetho yomnye umntu. Ihlala ingumngcipheko. Kusoloko kukho ithuba lokuba kuya kufuneka ubuyele umva kuba awufanelanga.
Ungabanika liphi icebiso abadwelisi benkqubo?
Ndikucebisa ukuba uzame abaninzi kangangoko, ukuze uqonde eyona nto inomdla kuwe. Zama ukungabambeki kwindawo enye: zama uphuhliso lwe-Android, i-frontend / backend, iJava, iJavascript, iML, kunye nezinye izinto. Kwaye, njengoko besenditshilo, kufuneka usebenze, uqhagamshelane, ube nomdla kwinto eyenzekayo; yintoni eyenziwa ngabahlobo, oogxa, abantu obaqhelileyo. Yiya kwiindibano zocweyo, iisemina, iintetho, udibane nabantu. Okukhona unxibelelwano olungakumbi, kokukhona kulula ukuqonda ukuba zeziphi izinto ezinomdla ezenzekayo.
Yiyiphi enye indawo esetyenziswa kuyo Ubumbano ngaphandle kwemidlalo?
Umanyano luzama ukuyeka ukuba yinjini yomdlalo esulungekileyo. Umzekelo, isetyenziselwa ukunika iividiyo zeCGI: ukuba uphuhlisa imoto, umzekelo, kwaye ufuna ukwenza intengiso, uya kufuna ukwenza ividiyo elungileyo. Ndivile ukuba i-Unity ikwasetyenziselwa ucwangciso loyilo. Oko kukuthi, naphi na apho umboniso ufuneka khona, Umanyano lunokusetyenziswa. Ukuba u-google, unokufumana imizekelo enomdla.
Ukuba ufuna ukubuza umbuzo, zikhululeke ukundifumana kuzo zonke iinethiwekhi zentlalo.
Kwenzeka ntoni ngaphambili
- USania Galimova, umthengisi kwi-RUVDS - indlela yokuphila nokusebenza kunye nokuxilongwa kwengqondo. . .
- .
- .
umthombo: www.habr.com