I-LoRaWAN yitekhnoloji efumana ngokukhawuleza ukuthandwa kwi-Intanethi yezisombululo zeZinto. Kwangaxeshanye, kubathengi abaninzi kuhlala kuncinci kufundwe kwaye kungaqhelekanga, yiyo loo nto kukho iintsomi ezininzi kunye neengcinga ezingezizo ezikujikelezile. Ngo-2018, iRashiya yamkela izilungiso kumthetho wokusetyenziswa kwee-frequencies ze-LoRaWAN, ezandisa amathuba okusebenzisa le teknoloji ngaphandle kwelayisenisi. Sikholelwa ukuba ngoku lelona xesha lilungileyo lokuqalisa ukusebenzisa le teknoloji ukusombulula iingxaki zeshishini lokwenyani.
Kule nqaku siza kujonga imigaqo-siseko ye-LoRaWAN, ukhetho lokwakha inethiwekhi yakho kunye nokusebenzisa ababoneleli beqela lesithathu, kwaye sithethe ngeemveliso zethu ezixhasa i-LoRaWAN.
Yintoni i-LoRaWAN
I-LoRaWAN yiseti yeeprothokholi ezichaza iileya zokudluliselwa kwedatha ebonakalayo kunye nenethiwekhi kumandla aphantsi, izixhobo ezinamandla aphantsi ezisebenza kumgama omde. Isishunqulelo esithi LoRa sithetha Uluhlu olude, oko kukuthi, imigama emide yothumelo lwedatha, kwaye WAN (Uthungelwano lweNdawo eBanzi) ithetha ukuba iprotocol ikwachaza umaleko womnatha.
Ngokungafaniyo nemigangatho yonxibelelwano engenazingcingo ye-GSM/3G/LTE/WiFi eyaziwayo, iLoRaWAN yayiyilwe ekuqaleni ukuba isebenze ngaxeshanye inani elikhulu lezixhobo zababhalisi bamandla aphantsi. Ngoko ke, ugxininiso oluphambili kukukhuseleka kokuphazamiseka, ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kunye noluhlu. Ngexesha elifanayo, amazinga aphezulu okudlulisa idatha anqunyelwe kuphela kwiikhilobhithi ezimbalwa ngesekhondi.
Njengenethiwekhi yeselula, i-LoRaWAN inezixhobo zomrhumo kunye nezikhululo ezisisiseko. Uluhlu lonxibelelwano phakathi kwesixhobo somrhumo kunye nesikhululo esisisiseko sinokufikelela kwi-10 km. Kule meko, izixhobo zababhalisi zidla ngokuzixhasa ngebhetri kwaye ixesha elininzi likwimowudi yokonga amandla, ukuvuka ngamanye amaxesha ukutshintshiselana kwedatha yexesha elifutshane kunye nomncedisi. Umzekelo, iimitha zamanzi zinokuvuka kanye emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa kwaye zithumele ixabiso langoku lomthamo osetyenzisiweyo wamanzi kumncedisi, kwaye uhlale ukwimo yokulala ixesha eliseleyo. Le ndlela yenza kube lula ukufumana izixhobo ezisebenza ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka emininzi ngaphandle kwesidingo sokutshintsha iibhetri. Umsebenzi wezixhobo ze-LoRaWAN kukuhambisa / ukufumana idatha efunekayo kwisikhululo sesiseko ngokukhawuleza kwaye ukhulule i-airwaves kwezinye izixhobo, ngoko ke inethiwekhi inemithetho engqongqo yexesha elihlala emoyeni. Izixhobo zihambisa idatha kuphela emva kokufumana ukuqinisekiswa kwisikhululo sesiseko, oku kukuvumela ukuba ulawule umthwalo kwi-airwaves kwicala lomncedisi kwaye usasaze ngokulinganayo iiseshoni zokutshintshiselana kwedatha ngexesha.
Umgangatho we-LoRa uchaza umaleko womzimba, ukumodareyithwa komqondiso kwiindidi ze-frequency 433 MHz, 868 MHz eYurophu, 915 MHz Australia / America kunye ne-923 MHz Asia. ERashiya, iLoRaWAN isebenzisa ibhendi ye868 MHz.
Isebenza njani iLoRaWAN
Ekubeni i-LoRaWAN isebenza kuluhlu olungavumelekanga, ilula kakhulu ukuthunyelwa kwenethiwekhi yayo kunye nezikhululo ezisisiseko, apho akukho mfuneko yokuxhomekeka kubaqhubi be-telecom. Ukongeza ekubekeni eyakho inethiwekhi, ungasebenzisa iinethiwekhi zabasebenzisi abakhoyo. Ababoneleli be-LoRaWAN sele bekho emhlabeni wonke kwaye sele beqalile ukubonakala eRashiya, umzekelo umqhubi kwinethiwekhi yakho ye-LoRaWAN kwizixeko ezininzi.
E-Russia, i-LoRaWAN ihlala isebenza kuluhlu lwe-866-869 MHz, ububanzi besiteshi esiphezulu esithathwe isixhobo esinye somrhumo yi-125 kHz. Yile nto utshintshiselwano lwedatha ngeprotocol ye-LoRaWAN ibonakala ngathi kwi-spectrogram ebhalwe ngumsebenzisi we-habra uRuslan Nadyrshin ngoncedo lwe-SDR.
E-Russia, ukusukela ngo-2018, kuye kwamkelwa izilungiso kwimithetho enciphisa kakhulu izithintelo ekusebenziseni i-868 MHz frequency. Unokufunda ngokweenkcukacha malunga nemigaqo emitsha yomthetho elawula ii-frequencies ze-LoRaWAN eRashiya .
Isikhululo esisisiseko - kwisigama semigangatho ye-LoRaWAN ibizwa ngokuba yisango okanye i-hub. Ngokwenjongo, esi sixhobo siyafana nezikhululo ezisisiseko zothungelwano lweeselfowuni eziqhelekileyo: izixhobo zokugqibela ziqhagamshela kuyo kwaye zilandele imiyalelo yayo yokukhetha amajelo, amandla, kunye neendawo zokubeka ixesha lokuhanjiswa kwedatha. Izikhululo ezisisiseko ziqhagamshelwe kwiseva yesoftware ephakathi, enokufikelela kubume benethiwekhi iyonke, ijongana nokucwangciswa kwamaza, njl.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, izikhululo ze-LoRaWAN ziqhagamshelwe kumandla amileyo kwaye zinokufikelela kwi-Intanethi okuzinzileyo. I-Advantech ibonelela ngeemodeli ezininzi ze-LoRaWAN zezikhululo ezisisiseko kunye nomthamo we-100 kunye ne-500 yezixhobo zababhalisi, kunye nokukwazi ukuxhuma kwi-Intanethi nge-Ethernet kunye ne-LTE.
Isixhobo somxhasi - isixhobo somthengi esinamandla aphantsi, ngokuqhelekileyo sizenzela. Amaxesha amaninzi ikwimowudi yokonga amandla ebuthongweni. Isebenzisana neseva yesicelo ekude ukuthumela/ukufumana idatha. Igcina izitshixo zoguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo ukuze zingqinwe kwisikhululo esisisiseko kunye neseva yesicelo. Inokuba ngaphakathi kwendawo yokugubungela izikhululo ezininzi ezisisiseko. Ithobela ngokungqongqo imigaqo yokusebenza emoyeni efunyenwe kwisikhululo esisisiseko. Izixhobo Ingcebiso zii-terminals ze-I / O zemodyuli, kunye ne-analog eyahlukeneyo kunye nedijithali yegalelo / ujongano lwemveliso kunye ne-RS-485/232 i-serial interfaces.
Umthengi unokuhambisa izikhululo zabo ze-LoRaWAN okanye asebenzise iinethiwekhi ezikhoyo zabaqhubi beqela lesithathu
Inethiwekhi yoluntu ye-LoRaWAN
Kolu lwakhiwo, izixhobo ziqhagamshelwe kwinethiwekhi yoluntu yomntu wesithathu. Umxhasi kufuneka athenge kuphela izixhobo zababhalisile kwaye angene kwisivumelwano kunye nomnikezeli kwaye afumane izitshixo zokufikelela kwinethiwekhi. Ngexesha elifanayo, umxhasi uxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwi-coverage yomsebenzisi.
Khumbula ukuba uthungelwano lukawonke-wonke lwe-LoRaWAN lunokuba nezithintelo ezingqongqo kwixesha le-airtime esinokusebenzisa isixhobo, ngoko ke kwiiaplikeshini ezifuna utshintshiselwano lwedatha rhoqo, ezo nethiwekhi zisenokungalungeli.
Ngaphambi kokuthumela idatha, isixhobo sicela imvume yokuhambisa, kwaye kuphela ukuba isitishi esisisiseko siphendula ngokuqinisekisa, utshintshiselwano luya kwenzeka.
Xa usebenzisa inethiwekhi ye-LoRaWAN yomntu wesithathu, umxhasi usebenzisa isiseko sesiseko sesiseko somnye umntu kwaye kuxhomekeke kwi-coverage yomnikezeli kunye nezithintelo zokudlulisa idatha.
Le ndlela ifanelekile, umzekelo, xa kutshintshwa izixhobo zababhalisi kwiindawo zasezidolophini apho iziseko eziyimfuneko sele zikhona. Ngokomzekelo, ukufakela izinzwa kwizakhiwo zokuhlala kunye nenani elincinci ledatha edlulisiweyo, ukuqokelela idatha kwiimitha zombane okanye ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi. Izixhobo ezinjalo zinokuthumela idatha kanye emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa.
Inethiwekhi ye-LoRaWAN yabucala
Xa uhambisa inethiwekhi yangasese, umthengi ngokuzimeleyo ufaka izikhululo ezisisiseko kunye nezicwangciso zokugubungela. Le ndlela ifanelekile xa ufuna ulawulo olupheleleyo kwinethiwekhi, okanye kwiindawo apho ukhuseleko lwabaqhubi lungekho khona.
Kwinethiwekhi yangasese, umthengi unolawulo olupheleleyo kwiziseko ezingundoqo
Kulo zakhiwo, umthengi wenza utyalo-mali lwexesha elilodwa kwizixhobo zokuhambisa izikhululo ezisisiseko kwaye akasaxhomekeke kwiinkonzo kunye nabaqhubi beqela lesithathu. Olu khetho lufanelekile ukwakha inethiwekhi kwiindawo ezikude zezolimo, izixhobo zokuvelisa, njl. Ukuba nenethiwekhi yakho kwenza kube lula ukukala isiseko esikhoyo, ukwandisa ukhuseleko, inani lezixhobo zababhalisi kunye nomthamo wedatha edlulisiweyo.
Iitheminali ze-I/O zababhalisile
Iinkcukacha zobugcisa
- Iinguqulelo zazo zonke iibhendi zamaza e-LoRaWAN zehlabathi
- Uluhlu lonxibelelwano olunesiseko ukuya kuthi ga kwi-5km
- Ukwandiswa kweemodyuli zoqhagamshelwano izixhobo zeperipheral
- Yakhelwe ngaphakathi 4000mAh ibhetri
- Imodyuli yeGPS (Galileo/BeiDou/GLONASS)
- Ukhuseleko IP65
- inkqubo USB
izixhobo Series Ziitheminali zeemodyuli zokudibanisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zomda kwinethiwekhi ye-LoRaWAN. Ngoncedo lwabo, unokuqokelela idatha kuyo nayiphi na i-digital kunye ne-analog sensors, njenge-thermometers, i-hygrometers, i-barometers, i-accelerometers, njl., kunye nokulawula ezinye izixhobo nge-RS-232/485 interfaces. Inebhetri eyakhelweyo eyi-4000mA, ekwazi ukusebenza ngokuzimeleyo ukuya kuthi ga kwiinyanga ezintandathu. Idibanisa neepaneli zelanga ukutshaja ibhetri. I-GPS eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi i-receiver ikuvumela ukuba unqume ngokuchanekileyo indawo yesixhobo, esenza lula ukubalwa kunye nokufakwa: izixhobo zinokufakwa ngaphandle kokungena kuqala kwi-database, kwaye emva kokufakwa zixhunywe ngokuzenzekelayo kwinto esekelwe kwiindlela ezifunyenweyo.
Ukucwangcisa kunye noqwalaselo lwenziwa nge-interface ye-USB eqhelekileyo kwaye ayifuni abalawuli abongezelelweyo kunye nabaprogram, ngoko kunokwenziwa kwisayithi usebenzisa i-laptop.
Iimodyuli zojongano
Iseti yojongano lokudibanisa izixhobo zangaphandle , iphunyezwe kusetyenziswa iimodyuli zojongano oludityaniswe ukusuka ngezantsi. Kwitheminali enye imodyuli enye yojongano inokudityaniswa. Ngokuxhomekeke kwimisebenzi yomthengi, ezi zinokuba yidijithali okanye i-analog inputs / outputs, okanye i-serial interfaces. Abafowunelwa be-interface bakhuselwe sisidibaniso esitywiniweyo esinoqhagamshelwano olunentambo ye-M12.
- β Amagalelo e-analog ama-4 kunye namagalelo ama-4 edijithali
- I-WISE-S615-A - imijelo emi-6 ye-RTD (i-Resistance Temperature Detector) ithemometha
- I-WISE-S617-A - 6 amagalelo edijithali, i-2 RS-232/485 i-serial interfaces
Wzzard LRPv2 uthotho loluvo
BB uthotho abenzi boluvo Ezi zixhobo zababhalisi be-LoRaWAN ezenzelwe ukuqokelela idatha kwiindawo ezinzima kwaye zenzelwe ukufakwa ngokukhawuleza. Zinesiseko samagnetic kwaye zinokudibaniswa ngokukhuselekileyo kwiindawo zetsimbi ngaphandle kwee-fasteners ezongezelelweyo, ezikuvumela ukuba ukhuphe ngokukhawuleza inethiwekhi yezixhobo ezininzi. Umdibaniso otywiniweyo we-interface, obekwe kwicala, ulungiselelwe ukudibanisa izixhobo ze-peripheral zangaphandle kunye neenzwa.
Iinkcukacha zobugcisa
- Ukusebenza kuzo zonke izintlu zefrikhwensi LoRaWAN 868/915/923MHz
- Ukunyuka kwemagneti kumphezulu wesinyithi
- Interfaces RS485 (Modbus), 4 amagalelo analog, 2 iziphumo zedijithali, 1 imveliso yedijithali
- Uqhagamshelo olutywiniweyo lwentambo yojongano
- Ixhaswe yi-2 AA iibhetri ze-lithium, iipaneli zelanga okanye i-9 ~ 36V ukunikezelwa kwamandla
- Iklasi yoKhuselo IP66
- Ukusebenza kumaqondo obushushu -40 ~ 75Β°C
Izikhululo ezisisiseko ze-LoRaWAN
I-Advantech inikeza uluhlu olupheleleyo lwezixhobo zokuthumela inethiwekhi yangasese ye-LoRaWAN. Gateways series zisetyenziselwa ukudibanisa izixhobo zababhalisi, njenge ΠΈ , kunye nokuthumela idatha kwiseva yesicelo. Umgca uquka iimodeli ezixhasa uxhulumaniso lwangaxeshanye lwezixhobo zababhalisi be-100 kunye ne-500. Isango liqhagamshelwe kwi-Intanethi nge-Ethernet; iinguqulelo ezinemodem eyakhelweyo ye-4G nazo ziyafumaneka. Ixhasa i-MQTT kunye neeprothokholi ze-Modbus zokudluliselwa kwedatha kwiseva yesicelo.
Iinkcukacha zobugcisa
- Ixhasa zonke iibhendi zeLoRaWAN
- Inkonzo ngaxeshanye ye-100 okanye i-500 yezixhobo zababhalisi
- Uqhagamshelo lwe-Ethernet
- Ukuzikhethela: imodem ye-LTE eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi
- Iseva/umxhasi weVPN eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi
isiphelo
Itekhnoloji ye-LoRaWAN ifanelekile ukutsala ingqalelo enkulu phakathi kwezisombululo zamashishini, kwaye namhlanje inokusombulula ngempumelelo iingxaki ezininzi zeshishini. Kodwa kubathengi abaninzi, i-LoRaWAN iseyitekhnoloji eyaziwa kancinci kwaye engaqondakaliyo. Sikholelwa ukuba kwikamva elingekude kuya kuxhaphaka njengeenethiwekhi zeselula zakudala, eziza kuvumela abathengi bethu ukuba basebenzise izisombululo ezizimeleyo ze-Intanethi yeZinto.
umthombo: www.habr.com