Imephu yeflayithi, iindawo ezinoxinzelelo lwemethane ngaphezulu kwe-3 ppm*m ziphawulwe. Kwaye kuninzi!
Khawucinge ukuba unendawo yokulahla inkunkuma etshayayo kwaye iyanuka amaxesha ngamaxesha. Oku kungenxa yokuba iigesi ezahlukeneyo zenziwe ngexesha lokubola kwezinto eziphilayo. Kule meko, kungekhona kuphela i-methane eyenziwayo, kodwa kunye neegesi ezinetyhefu ngokupheleleyo, ngoko ke, iindawo zokulahla inkunkuma eqinileyo ngamanye amaxesha kufuneka zihlolwe.
Oku kudla ngokwenziwa ngeenyawo ngesixhobo sokujonga i-methane esinxitywayo, kodwa xa sisenza oko kunzima kakhulu, kuthatha ixesha kwaye akufunwa kakhulu ngabanini bendawo yokulahla inkunkuma.
Kodwa kuyimfuneko kurhulumente wesixeko, amagunya kamasipala, imimandla, njl., apho i-landfill okanye i-landfill egunyazisiweyo ikhona, abagcini bendalo kunye nabantu abaqhelekileyo abafuna ukuphefumla umoya ococekileyo.
Inkonzo yokulinganisa okuzenzekelayo kwinqanaba le-methane usebenzisa i-drones ifunwa kakhulu eYurophu.
Thina, kunye namaqabane ethu avela kwinkampani , wenza umsebenzi odibeneyo kule ndlela kwaye wafumana umphumo onomdla.
Yintoni elawulwayo?
Isakhelo solawulo lokulahla inkunkuma eqinileyo - imiyalelo yoyilo, ukusebenza kunye nokubuyiselwa kwenkunkuma yenkunkuma eqinileyo kamasipala (evunywe nguMphathiswa woKwakha weRussian Federation ngoNovemba 2, 1996), imithetho yococeko SP 2.1.7.1038-01 "Ucoceko iimfuno zokwakha kunye nokugcinwa kweendawo zokulahla inkunkuma yasekhaya eqinileyo β (ivunywe nguMyalelo weNtloko yeSebe lezobuGqirha we-Russian Federation kaMeyi 30, 2001 No. 16-13 (evunywe nguMyalelo weBhodi yeGosstroy yeRussian Federation kaDisemba 8.2000, 22 No. 1999) , SanPiN 17-2.1.6.1032. 01. Umoya we-atmospheric kunye nomoya wangaphakathi, ukhuseleko lomoya ococekileyo. Iimfuno zococeko zokuqinisekisa umgangatho womoya we-atmospheric kwiindawo ezihlala abantu (ezivunywe nguDokotela oyiNtloko we-State Sanitary waseRussian Federation ngoMeyi 2.1.6, 17.05.2001).
Olona gxininiso luphezulu luvumelekileyo kolu seti yamaxwebhu lulandelayo:
Iziyobisi
MPC, mg/m3
Ubuninzi bexesha elinye
I-avareji yonke imihla
Uthuli olungenatyhefu
0,5
0,15
ihydrogen sulfide
0,008
-
Ikharbhon monoxide
5,0
3,0
I-nitric oxide
0,4
0,06
Isinyithi seMercury
-
0,0003
UMethane
-
50,0
IAmmonia
0,2
0,04
Benzene
1,5
0,1
I-Trichloromethane
-
0,03
I-4-carbon chloride
4,0
0,7
I-Chlorobenzene
0,1
0,1
Ukuqulunqwa kwe-biogas eqhelekileyo:
Iziyobisi
%
IMethane, CH4
50-75
Ikhabhon diokside, CO2
25-50
Nitrogen, N2
0-10
IHydrojeni, iH2
0-1
I-Hydrogen sulfide, i-H2S
0-3
Ioksijini, i-O2
0-2
I-Biogas ikhutshwa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-12-15 iminyaka, kwaye emva komnyaka wesibini - ikakhulu kuphela i-methane okanye i-carbon dioxide kuphela (okanye umxube wazo zombini).
Indlela yokukhangela ukuvuza ngoku
Ukufumana iindawo zokukhutshwa kwemethane kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma, kusetyenziswa umsebenzi wabakhasi. Bathatha i-analyzer yegesi ebanjwe ngesandla (kubantu abaqhelekileyo - "i-sniffer") kunye nenye into ebonakala ngathi i-ambulera, umqhubi ukhetha indawo kwindawo yokulahla. Ufaka idome encinci apho kwaye ulinde i-concentration ethile yegesi ukuba iqokelele phantsi kwedome. Ilinganisa inqanaba lokugxila usebenzisa i-analyzer yegesi kwaye irekhoda ukufundwa kwesixhobo. Emva koko, uqhubela kwenye indawo kwimilinganiselo elandelayo. Kwaye nangokunjalo.
Inkqubo ilula kakhulu, kodwa ayisebenzi kakuhle ngokwenani lemilinganiselo ethathiweyo ngeyunithi nganye yexesha. Makhe songeze apha into yomntu kunye neemeko zokusebenza zesihogo se-lineman, onyanzeliswa ukuba ajikeleze indawo yoqeqesho enukayo ngeeyure (mhlawumbi usasebenzisa izixhobo zokukhusela zomntu).
Drone ukusinceda
Ekupheleni kwe-2018, kumboniso we-INTERGEO 2018 (eFrankfurt), saqhelana neteknoloji yePergamum kunye namava abo kwi-flying drones phezu kwe-landfills. Abafana baqala ukusebenzisa i-drone enesixhobo esikude se-laser methane esifakwe kuyo ukukhangela ukuvuza. Ilogger yafakwa kwibhodi yedrone, erekhoda konke ukufundwa komtshina. Ekugqityweni kwendiza, ulwazi olusuka kwi-logger lukhutshelwa kwikhompyutha ngendlela yedatha yetheyibhile ukuze kuhlalutywe. Ukuba kwenye indawo kukho ukugqwesa koxinzelelo lwemethane, idrone ithunyelwa kweli nqanaba kwakhona ukuze ifote indawo evuzayo.
Ngeli xesha, abafana basePergamo babesele benzile inani leendawo zokulahla inkunkuma eqinileyo, kwaye baqonda ukuba kulula kakhulu ukubhabha ngokusemthethweni. Oku kubangele le nkqubo ilandelayo:
- Ukugqithiswa okunjalo kweedrones ngokuqhelekileyo kuvunyelwene kwiiveki ezimbini emva kokuthotyelwa kwemigaqo yomthetho: ukufumana imvume yomnini wendawo, evunywe ngabasemagunyeni beenqwelomoya kunye nokulawulwa kwendawo yesicwangciso senqwelomoya. Isicelo sokusekwa kolawulo lwenqwelomoya yendawo sithunyelwa kwiziko lezowuni (AC) kwiintsuku ezintathu ukuya kwezintlanu phambi kokuqala komsebenzi, isicwangciso senqwelomoya sithunyelwa ngosuku olungaphambi kokuqala komsebenzi. Ngomhla wokuqala komsebenzi, kufuneka ufowunele i-SC iiyure ezimbini kwangaphambili, ngaphambi kokuba uhambe kufuneka ubize zonke iziphathamandla ezinoxanduva. Amagunya anoxanduva azimisele ngokwemephu jikelele "Airspace of the Russian Federation" (VP RF). Kubonakala ngathi utshintsho luya kuphuma kungekudala, kwaye kuya kwenzeka ukubhabha kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ukuya kwi-150 yeemitha ngaphakathi komgca wokubona.
- Ngalo lonke ixesha uhambo luqala ngokulinganisa icala kunye nesantya somoya, uxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric. Ukuba isantya somoya singaphezu kweemitha ezine ngesekondi, ke ababhabhi, kuba isiphumo asiqikelelekanga: unokubona ukuvuza kwindawo engafanelekanga (kuya kubetha ngokoqobo kwelinye icala).
- Umsebenzisi wedrone kwisiza unciphisa inani lokujika kwaye ubale ixesha lokubhabha malunga nemizuzu engama-25. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kunokwenzeka ukunciphisa ixesha lokuhamba ukusuka kwi-5 ukuya kwi-20%, kuxhomekeke kwiimeko zemozulu.
- Kungcono ukuqalisa iinqwelomoya kwicala le-leeward ukuze ukuskena kwenzeke phantsi.
- Umphakamo wokubhabha wedrone owaneleyo ukukhangela ukuvuza ziimitha ezili-15.
- Ukuba kukho imvume yokufota emoyeni, ngoko unokufota indawo yokukhululwa ngomfanekiso we-thermal kunye noluhlu olubonakalayo.
Xa kuthelekiswa nomsebenzi wabakhasi - impumelelo! Kodwa kwakukho i-drawback ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kwe-detector esetyenziswe yiPergamo kwi-overflights: ukungabikho komjelo wonxibelelwano phakathi komtshini kunye nomsebenzi ngexesha lokuhamba. Ulwazi malunga nokuvuza kunokufunyanwa kuphela emva kokuba i-drone ihlile.
Pergamo + CROC + SPH
Ngethuba beyazi iPergamo, i-CROC yayisandul 'ukufumana ikhomputha ekwibhodi ye-DJI Matrice 600 drone, eyayinokusasaza i-telemetry nge-DJI LightBridge 2. I-Pergamo yayinomdla ngokukhawuleza kwimveliso kwaye yanikezela ukwenza ukuhlanganiswa kwe-downlink imveliso yabo, i-LMC ekude ye-methane detector ye-drone.
Ngenxa yoko, uphuhliso oludibeneyo lwe-CROC (eRashiya), iPergam-Engineering (eRashiya) kunye ne-SPH Engineering (eLatvia, i-software ye-UGCS) yavela - i-LMC G2 DL (i-Laser Methane Copter Generation 2 kunye ne-Downlink) eyinkimbinkimbi. Esi sisizukulwana sesibini se-hardware kunye nenkqubo yesoftware yokubona ukuvuza kwemethane (CH4).
Isisombululo sibandakanya i-drone ye-DJI Matrice 600 kunye nobunzima bokuthatha iikhilogram ze-11, exhotywe nge-laser methane detector ekude kunye nekhompyutheni ebhodini. Isofthiwe entsha ikuvumela ukuba ubhalise ngokuchanekileyo indlela yendiza ekuphakameni okunikeziweyo kunye nesantya esifunekayo, uphendule ngokukhawuleza kwimeko yokufumanisa ukuvuza kwe-methane, ngokuchanekileyo indawo yendawo kwaye uthathe isenzo ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
Ngoku inkqubo imi ngolu hlobo:
1. Ukuze ungaphoswa nokuba sisiqwengana esincinci sepolygon, isicwangciso sokubhabha senziwe kwisoftware ye-UgCS. Kuthatha imizuzu. Ngexesha elifanayo, unokwenza kwiofisi efudumeleyo kwaye ungazifaki ... izandla.
Isicwangciso senqwelomoya yeDrone kwisoftware ye-UgCS.
2. Emva koko, umqhubi ulungisa i-drone kwindawo yokuphuma kwindawo yoqeqesho. Kwaye ngesicelo seselula i-UgCS isungula inqwelomoya.
Ugxininiso luqhelekileyo.
Ukuvuza kuchongiwe.
3. Ngaphezulu, sibulela kwikhompyuter yethu ekwibhodi, ukufundwa kwesixhobo sokubona i-methane kuthunyelwa kwi-intanethi kwisicelo esiphathwayo. Kwangaxeshanye, ikhompyuter ekwibhodi irekhoda konke ukufundwa kwisixhobo kwikhadi le-SD kwimeko yokulahleka konxibelelwano nomhlaba.
4. Konke ukugqitha kwinqanaba lokugxininiswa kwemethane kunokuphawulwa ngokukhawuleza kwimephu. Awusachithi xesha kwi-post-processing ukuze wenze indawo evuzayo.
5. Inzuzo!
Izimvo ze-CROC ze-ecologist:
Akukho mthetho wokuba indawo yokulahla inkunkuma kufuneka irekhode ngokusemthethweni nakuphi na ukuvuza, kodwa i-methane yigesi ye-greenhouse, kwaye siye savala iigesi ze-greenhouse iminyaka engama-20. Kukho iProtocol yaseKyoto, kwaye ngaphakathi kwesakhelo seprojekthi yoMoya ococekileyo, eyeyeprojekthi ye-Ecology kazwelonke, kunokwenzeka ukuba kubekho umthetho wezabelo. Kwaye ezi zabelo ziya kuthengiswa. Kwaye zonke iinkampani kufuneka ziqonde ukuba ziyakwazi ukunciphisa okanye ukulawula izinto ezikhutshwayo.
Igunya elilawulayo yiRosprirodnadzor. I-landfill ngokwayo iyisakhiwo sobunjineli, oko kukuthi, kufuneka idlule i-Glavgosexpertiza. Kukho ulawulo lwemveliso kunye nokusingqongileyo. Ubuninzi bolu lawulo lusetwa ngokuxhomekeke kwingozi nakwindawo yokulahla inkunkuma ethile. Masithi ilabhoratri ifika rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezintathu kwaye ilinganise into - ngokuqhelekileyo amanzi, umhlaba, umoya. Iindawo zokulahla inkunkuma ezilungileyo ngokwazo zilungiselela imibhobho yerhasi yokulahla inkunkuma kwaye basebenzise le gesi ngokwezidingo zabo. Ngokuqhelekileyo kukho ukusuka kwi-40 ekhulwini ye-methane. Ukuba iqhuma, kuya kutshatyalaliswa unxibelelwano, mhlawumbi ukubulawa kwabantu, ukukhululwa okunamandla ... Kwaye ke ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho liya kuvulwa kumnini. Kwaye akukho mntu unomdla kuyo. I-drone kwi-Krasnoyarsk efanayo, umzekelo, ifanelekile ngokwezoqoqosho. Abantu ababini kunye nomlindi ophethe umpu (ngokungqongqo - kukho iibhere), isithuthi esihamba yonke indawo esiqhekeza yonke i-20-40 km, indawo yokuhlala, izibonelelo zemihla ngemihla ezisemantla.
Iidrone zinokusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezininzi. Tshisa i-static kwitroli, nkcenkceshela intsimi, uwise isihlenga kwindoda erhaxwayo, ubhabhe emlilweni kwaye ufumane bonke abantu, ulandelele abazingeli ngaphandle kwemvume okanye ujonge amasimi ehemp, thatha uluhlu lwempahla kwindawo yokugcina impahla-yiyo yonke into oyifunayo. Kwaye ngokubanzi, yonke into onokuyivumela ingcamango yakho. Sinomdla kwimingeni emitsha, kwaye sinako kwaye sifuna ukuzama ukusombulula ingxaki yakho. Ewe, ukuba unomsebenzi wokufumana iindawo ezivuzayo, ndineprojekthi yokulinga eyona inika umdla. imeyile - [imeyile ikhuselwe].
iimbekiselo
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- imeyile yam - [imeyile ikhuselwe].
umthombo: www.habr.com