Sawubona wonke umntu!

Mhlawumbi akukho mfihlo ukuba iinkonzo zokujonga ividiyo yefu ziye zafumana ukuthandwa kutshanje. Kwaye kucacile ukuba kutheni oku kwenzekayo, ividiyo "inzima" umxholo, ukugcinwa kwayo kufuna iziseko zophuhliso kunye nenani elikhulu lokugcinwa kwediski. Ukusebenzisa inkqubo yokucupha ividiyo ekwizakhiwo kufuna imali ukuze isebenze kwaye ixhase, kumbutho osebenzisa amakhulukhulu eekhamera zokucupha kunye nakumsebenzisi ngamnye oneekhamera ezininzi.

Iinkqubo zokucupha iividiyo zamafu zixazulula le ngxaki ngokubonelela abathengi ngogcino lwevidiyo olukhoyo kunye neziseko zokuqhuba. Umxhasi wokujonga ividiyo yelifu ufuna nje ukuqhagamshela ikhamera kwi-Intanethi kwaye uyinxibelelanise neakhawunti yakhe yelifu.

Kukho iindlela ezininzi zobuchwepheshe zokudibanisa iikhamera kwilifu. Ngokungathandabuzekiyo, eyona ndlela ifanelekileyo kunye nexabiso eliphantsi kukuba ikhamera idibanisa ngokuthe ngqo kwaye isebenze nelifu, ngaphandle kokuthatha inxaxheba kwezixhobo ezongezelelweyo ezifana neseva okanye irekhoda.

Ukwenza oku, kuyimfuneko ukuba imodyuli yesoftware esebenza ngelifu ifakwe kwikhamera. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba sithetha ngeekhamera zexabiso eliphantsi, ke banezixhobo ze-hardware ezinqongopheleyo, eziphantse zibe yi-100% i-firmware yasekhaya yomthengisi wekhamera, kwaye akukho zixhobo eziyimfuneko kwiplagin yefu. Abaphuhlisi abavela kwi-ivideon banike le ngxaki inqaku, echaza ukuba kutheni bengenako ukufaka iplagin kwiikhamera ezincinci. Ngenxa yoko, ixabiso elincinci lekhamera yi-ruble ye-5000 (i-80 yeedola) kunye nezigidi zemali ezichithwe kwisixhobo.

Siyisombulule ngempumelelo le ngxaki. Ukuba unomdla kwindlela - wamkelekile kwi-cut

Inxalenye ethile yembali

Kwi-2016, saqala ukuphuhlisa iqonga lokujonga ividiyo yefu yeRostelecom.

Ngokubhekiselele kwisoftware yekhamera, kwinqanaba lokuqala salandela indlela "eqhelekileyo" kwimisebenzi enjalo: savelisa iplagin yethu, efakwe kwi-firmware esemgangathweni yekhamera yomthengisi kwaye isebenza ngelifu lethu. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ngexesha loyilo sasebenzisa ezona zisombululo zikhaphukhaphu nezisebenzayo (umzekelo, ukuphunyezwa kwe-C yeprotobuf, libev, mbedtls kunye nokulahlwa ngokupheleleyo kumathala eencwadi alula kodwa anzima njenge-boost)

Okwangoku, akukho zisombululo zokudityaniswa kwendawo yonke kwimarike yekhamera ye-IP: umthengisi ngamnye unendlela yakhe yokufaka iplagin, isethi yayo yee-APIs zokusebenzisa i-firmware, kunye nendlela yokuhlaziya eyodwa.

Oku kuthetha ukuba kumthengisi ngamnye wekhamera kuyimfuneko ukuba ngamnye aphuhlise umaleko obanzi wesoftware yokudibanisa. Kwaye ngexesha lokuqalisa uphuhliso, kuyacetyiswa ukuba usebenze kuphela kunye nomthengisi we-1 ukwenzela ukuba ugxininise imizamo yeqela ekuphuhliseni ingqiqo yokusebenza kunye nefu.

Umthengisi wokuqala okhethiweyo nguHikvision, enye yeenkokeli zehlabathi kwimarike yekhamera, ebonelela nge-API ebhalwe kakuhle kunye nenkxaso yobuchwephesha obunobuchule.

Siphehlelele iprojekthi yethu yokuqala yokulingwa, iVideos cloud surveillance Video Comfort, sisebenzisa iikhamera zeHikvision.

Phantse ngokukhawuleza emva kokusungulwa, abasebenzisi bethu baqala ukubuza imibuzo malunga nokubanakho ukuqhagamshela iikhamera ezingabizi kakhulu ezivela kwabanye abavelisi kwinkonzo.

Ndiyikhabile inketho yokuphumeza umaleko wokudityaniswa kumthengisi ngamnye ngokukhawuleza - njengoko ihlatywa kakubi kwaye ibeka iimfuno ezinzulu zobugcisa kwihardware yekhamera. Iindleko zekhamera ezihlangabezana nezi mfuno zegalelo: ~ 60-70 $

Ke ngoko, ndigqibe kwelokuba ndimbe nzulu-ukuzenzela eyam i-firmware yeekhamera kuye nawuphi na umthengisi. Le ndlela inciphisa kakhulu iimfuno zezixhobo ze-hardware zekhamera - kuba Umaleko wokusebenza ngelifu udityaniswe ngempumelelo ngakumbi kunye nesicelo sevidiyo, kwaye akukho mafutha angafunekiyo angasetyenziswanga kwi-firmware.

Kwaye into ebalulekileyo kukuba xa usebenza kunye nekhamera kwinqanaba eliphantsi, kunokwenzeka ukusebenzisa i-hardware ye-AES, ebethelela idatha ngaphandle kokudala umthwalo owongezelelweyo kwi-CPU yamandla aphantsi.

Ngelo xesha sasingenanto tu. Akukho kwanto.

Phantse bonke abathengisi bebengekakulungeli ukusebenza nathi kwinqanaba eliphantsi ngolo hlobo. Akukho lwazi malunga nokujikeleza kunye namacandelo, akukho SDK esemthethweni yee-chipsets kunye namaxwebhu oluvo.
Kananjalo akukho nkxaso yobugcisa.

Yonke imibuzo kwafuneka iphendulwe ngobunjineli obubuyela umva-uvavanyo kunye nempazamo. Kodwa sakwazi.

Iimodeli zokuqala zekhamera esivavanye kuzo yayiyi-Xiaomi Yi Ants, i-Hikvision, i-Dahua, i-Spezvision, iikhamera ze-D-Link kunye neekhamera ezininzi zaseTshayina ezingenamagama ezingabizi kakhulu.

U buchule

Iikhamera ezisekelwe kwi-chipset ye-Hisilicon 3518E. Iimpawu zehardware yeekhamera zezi zilandelayo:

Xiaomi Yi Ants
Akho gama

SoC
I-Hisilicon 3518E
I-Hisilicon 3518E

i-ram
64MB
64MB

flash
16MB
8MB

WiFi
mt7601/bcm43143
-

woluvo
ov9732 (720p)
ov9712 (720p)

ethernet
-
+

MicroSD
+
+

Imakrofoni
+
+

Somlomo
+
+

IRLled
+
+

IRCut
+
+

Saqala ngabo.

Okwangoku sixhasa ii-chipsets ze-Hisilicon 3516/3518, kunye ne-Ambarella S2L/S2LM. Kukho iimodeli ezininzi zekhamera.

Ukuqulunqwa kweFirmware

Qalisa

uboot ngumlayishi wesiqalo, iqala kuqala emva kombane, iqala ihardware kwaye ilayishe i-linux kernel.

Isikripthi sokulayishwa kwekhamera sincinci kakhulu:

bootargs=mem=38M console=ttyAMA0,115200 rootfstype=ramfs mtdparts=hi_sfc:256K(boot),64K(tech),4096K(kernel),8192K(app),-(config) hw_type=101
bootcmd=sf probe 0; sf read 0x82000000 0x50000 0x400000; bootm 0x82000000; setenv bootargs $(bootargs) bkp=1; sf read 0x82000000 0x450000 0x400000; bootm 0x82000000

Enye yeempawu kukuba ibizwa kabini bootm, ngakumbi malunga noku kamva kancinci, xa sifika kuhlaziyo lwesistim.

Nika ingqalelo kumgca mem=38M. Ewe, ewe, oku akusiyo i-typo - i-Linux kernel kunye nazo zonke, zonke, zonke izicelo zinokufikelela kwi-38 megabytes ye-RAM kuphela.

Kwakhona ecaleni kwe-uboot kukho ibloko ekhethekileyo ebizwa reg_info, equlethe isicatshulwa esisezantsi sokuqalisa i-DDR kunye nenani leerejista zenkqubo ye-SoC. Umxholo reg_info kuxhomekeke kwimodeli yekhamera, kwaye ukuba ayilunganga, ikhamera ayizukwazi nokulayisha i-uboot, kodwa iya kuba ngumkhenkce kwinqanaba lokuqala lokulayisha.

Ekuqaleni, xa sasisebenza ngaphandle kwenkxaso yomthengisi, sasikhuphela le bhloko kwi-firmware yekhamera.

Linux kernel kunye neerootfs

Iikhamera zisebenzisa i-Linux kernel, eyinxalenye ye-chip's SDK; ngokwesiqhelo ezi ayizizo iinkozo zakutsha nje ezivela kwisebe le-3.x, ngoko ke sihlala sijongana nenyani yokuba abaqhubi bezixhobo ezongezelelweyo abahambelani nekernel esetyenzisiweyo. , kwaye kufuneka sizibuyisele emva kwiikhamera ze-kernel.

Omnye umba bubungakanani bekernel. Xa ubukhulu be-FLASH buyi-8MB kuphela, ngoko yonke i-byte ibala kwaye umsebenzi wethu kukukhubaza ngononophelo yonke imisebenzi ye-kernel engasetyenziswanga ukuze unciphise ubungakanani buncinci.

I-Rootfs yinkqubo yefayile esisiseko. Ibandakanya busybox, abaqhubi bemodyuli ye-wifi, iseti yelayibrari yenkqubo eqhelekileyo, njenge libld и libc, kunye nesofthiwe yethu, ejongene nengqiqo yokulawula i-LED, ulawulo loqhagamshelwano lwenethiwekhi kunye nohlaziyo lwe-firmware.

Inkqubo yefayile yengcambu idityaniswe kwi kernel njenge initramfs kwaye ngenxa yolwakhiwo sifumana ifayile enye. uImage, equlethe zombini i-kernel kunye ne-rootfs.

Isicelo sevidiyo

Inxalenye ye-firmware enzima kakhulu kunye ne-resource-intensive yisicelo, esinika i-video-audio capture, i-encoding yevidiyo, icwangcisa iiparameters zemifanekiso, isebenzise i-analytics yevidiyo, umzekelo, i-motion okanye i-sound detectors, ilawula i-PTZ kwaye inoxanduva lokutshintsha usuku kunye iindlela zasebusuku.

Okubalulekileyo, ndingatsho nokuba isitshixo, inqaku yindlela usetyenziso lwevidiyo olunxibelelana ngayo neplagi yefu.

Kwizisombululo zesintu 'i-firmware ye-firmware + cloud plugin', engenakusebenza kwi-hardware ephantsi, ividiyo ngaphakathi kwekhamera ihanjiswa nge-RTSP protocol - kwaye oku kuphezulu kakhulu: ukukopa kunye nokudlulisa idatha nge-socket, ii-syscalls ezingafunekiyo.

Apha sisebenzisa indlela yememori ekwabelwana ngayo-ividiyo ayikopishwanga okanye ithunyelwe ngesokethi phakathi kwezixhobo zesoftware yekhamera, ngokwenza oko ngokufanelekileyo nangokucokisekileyo usebenzisa ubuncinci behardware yekhamera.

Hlaziya inkqubo engaphantsi

Inqaku lokuzingca okukhethekileyo yinkqubo ephantsi yokunyamezela impazamo yohlaziyo lwe-firmware ye-intanethi.

Makhe ndikuchazele ingxaki. Ukuhlaziya i-firmware ngokobuchwephesha akusiyo i-athomu yokusebenza, kwaye ukuba ukusilela kwamandla kwenzeka phakathi kohlaziyo, ngoko imemori ye-flash iya kuba nenxalenye ye-firmware entsha "ephantsi-ebhaliweyo". Ukuba awuthathi manyathelo akhethekileyo, ikhamera iya kuba "isitena" esifuna ukuthathwa kwiziko lenkonzo.

Sikhe sajongana nale ngxaki nathi. Nokuba ikhamera icinyiwe ngexesha lohlaziyo, iya ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye ngaphandle kokungenelela komsebenzisi ukukhuphela i-firmware efini kwaye ibuyisele ukusebenza.

Makhe sijonge ubuchule ngakumbi:

Eyona ndawo isesichengeni kukubhala ngaphezulu kwesahlulelo ngeLinux kernel kunye nenkqubo yefayile yeengcambu. Ukuba enye yale nxalenye yonakele, ikhamera ayiyi kuqalisa ngaphaya kwe-bootloader ye-uboot, engakwazi ukukhuphela i-firmware kwifu.

Oku kuthetha ukuba kufuneka siqinisekise ukuba ikhamera ine-kernel esebenzayo kunye ne-rootfs nangaliphi na ixesha ngexesha lohlaziyo. Kubonakala ngathi esona sisombululo silula kukugcina iikopi ezimbini zekernel kunye neerootfs kwimemori ekhanyayo kwaye, ukuba i-kernel ephambili yonakele, yilayishe kwikopi yokugcina.

Isisombululo esilungileyo - nangona kunjalo, i-kernel ene-rootfs ithatha malunga ne-3.5MB kunye ne-backup esisigxina kufuneka unikeze i-3.5MB. Ezona khamera zinexabiso eliphantsi azinayo indawo enkulu yasimahla yekernel yokugcina.

Ke ngoko, ukugcina i-kernel ngexesha lohlaziyo lwe-firmware, sisebenzisa isahlulelo sesicelo.
Kwaye ukukhetha ulwahlulo olufunwayo ngekernel, imiyalelo emibini iyasetyenziswa bootm kwi-uboot - ekuqaleni sizama ukulayisha i-kernel ephambili kwaye ukuba yonakele, ngoko i-backup enye.

Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba nangaliphi na ixesha ikhamera iya kuba ne-kernel echanekileyo kunye ne-rootfs, kwaye iya kukwazi ukuqala nokubuyisela i-firmware.

Inkqubo ye-CI/CD yokwakha kunye nokuhambisa i-firmware

Ukwakha i-firmware, sisebenzisa i-gitlab CI, eyakha ngokuzenzekelayo i-firmware yazo zonke iimodeli zekhamera ezixhaswayo, kwaye emva kokwakha i-firmware, ithunyelwa ngokuzenzekelayo kwinkonzo yokuhlaziya isoftware yekhamera.

Ukusuka kwinkonzo, uhlaziyo lwe-firmware luhanjiswa kwiikhamera zethu zovavanyo lwe-QA, kwaye ekugqityweni kwazo zonke izigaba zovavanyo, kwiikhamera zabasebenzisi.

Ukhuseleko loLwazi

Akuyomfihlo ukuba namhlanje ukhuseleko lolwazi yeyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kuso nasiphi na isixhobo se-IoT, kubandakanya iikhamera. Iibhotnet ezinje nge-Mirai ziyazulazula kwi-Intanethi, zisulela izigidi zeekhamera nge-firmware eqhelekileyo evela kubathengisi. Ngayo yonke intlonipho efanelekileyo kubathengisi bekhamera, andinakunceda kodwa ndiqaphele ukuba i-firmware esemgangathweni iqulethe okuninzi okusebenzayo okungafunekiyo ekusebenzeni ngelifu, kodwa iqulethe ubuthathaka obuninzi obuxhatshazwa yi-botnets.

Ngoko ke, yonke imisebenzi engasetyenziswanga kwi-firmware yethu ivaliwe, zonke izibuko ze-tcp / udp zivaliwe, kwaye xa uhlaziywa i-firmware, isignesha yedijithali yesofthiwe ihlolwe.

Kwaye ngaphandle koku, i-firmware ivavanywa rhoqo kwibhubhoratri yokhuseleko lolwazi.

isiphelo

Ngoku i-firmware yethu isetyenziswa ngokusebenzayo kwiiprojekthi zokujonga ividiyo. Mhlawumbi inkulu kubo kukusasazwa kokuvota ngosuku lokunyulwa koMongameli weRussian Federation.
Le projekthi ibandakanya iikhamera ezingaphezu kwamawaka angama-70 kunye ne-firmware yethu, efakwe kwizikhululo zokuvota kwilizwe lethu.

Emva kokuba sisombulule iingxaki ezininzi, kwaye kwezinye iindawo, kwanangelo xesha, iingxaki ezingenakwenzeka, thina, ngokuqinisekileyo, safumana ulwaneliseko olukhulu njengeenjineli, kodwa ngaphandle koku, sagcina izigidi zeedola ekuthengeni iikhamera. Kwaye kule meko, ukugcinwa akukona nje amagama kunye nokubala kwethiyori, kodwa iziphumo zethenda esele igqityiwe ukuthengwa kwezixhobo. Ngokufanelekileyo, ukuba sithetha malunga nokujongwa kwevidiyo yelifu: kukho iindlela ezimbini - ngokucwangcisiweyo kuxhomekeke kubuchwephesha obuphantsi kunye nophuhliso, okukhokelela kugcino olukhulu kwizixhobo, okanye ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezibiza kakhulu, ezithi, ukuba ujonga ngokuthe ngqo kwiimpawu zabathengi, akukho nto. yahlukile kwezinye zitshiphu ezifanayo.

Kutheni kubalulekile ukwenza isigqibo ngokhetho lwendlela yokudibanisa kwangethuba? Xa uphuhlisa iplagin, abaphuhlisi baxhomekeke kwiiteknoloji ezithile (iilayibrari, iiprotocol, imigangatho). Kwaye ukuba iseti yetekhnoloji ikhethwa kuphela kwizixhobo ezibiza kakhulu, ke kwixa elizayo inzame yokutshintshela kwiikhamera ezinexabiso eliphantsi iya kuthi, ubuncinci, ithathe ixesha elide ngokuphambanayo okanye ingaphumeleli kwaye ukubuyela kwizixhobo ezibizayo kuya kwenzeka.

umthombo: www.habr.com