Iziko ledatha yaseTushino liziko ledatha yentengiso yesiqingatha-megawatt kumntu wonke nayo yonke into. Umxhasi akakwazi ukurenta kuphela izixhobo esele zifakelwe, kodwa aphinde abeke ezakhe apho, kubandakanywa izixhobo ezingezizo ezisemgangathweni ezifana neeseva kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo zeePC zedesktop, iifama zemigodi okanye iinkqubo zobuntlola ezenziweyo. Ukubeka nje, ezi ziintlobo ngeentlobo zemisebenzi eyaziwayo efunwa kakhulu ngamashishini asekhaya anemigangatho eyahlukeneyo yobukhulu. Yiloo nto emenza abe nomdla. Kule posi awuyi kufumana izisombululo ezikhethekileyo zobuchwepheshe kunye neendiza zeengcinga zobunjineli. Siza kuthetha ngeengxaki eziqhelekileyo kunye nezisombululo. Oko kukuthi, malunga neepesenti ezingama-90 zeengcali ezikwenzayo kwi-90% yexesha labo lokusebenza.
Inqanaba - iphezulu ingcono?
Ukunyamezela impazamo kwiziko ledatha yaseTushino kuhambelana nenqanaba leTier II. Ngokusisiseko oku kuthetha ukuba iziko ledatha likwigumbi eliqhelekileyo elilungisiweyo, izixhobo zombane ezingafunekiyo zisetyenziswa kwaye kukho izixhobo ezingafunekiyo zenkqubo.
Nangona kunjalo, ngokuchasene nokungaqondi kakuhle okudumileyo, amanqanaba eTier awabonakalisi "ukuphola" kweziko ledatha, kodwa inqanaba lokuthotyelwa kwayo kwimisebenzi yeshishini yangoku. Kwaye phakathi kwabo kukho uninzi lwabo ukunyamezela impazamo enkulu nokuba ingabalulekanga okanye ayibalulekanga kangako ukuba ihlawule ngaphezulu kwama-20-25 amawaka ee-ruble ngonyaka, nto leyo enokuba buhlungu kakhulu kumthengi.
Ivela phi le mali? Yile mali eyenza umahluko phakathi kwamaxabiso okubeka ulwazi amaziko edatha Amanqanaba e-Tier II kunye ne-Tier III kwiseva nganye. Okukhona idatha ininzi, kokukhona ukonga okunokwenzeka kukhulu.
Yeyiphi imisebenzi esithetha ngayo? Umzekelo, ukugcina iikopi okanye ukumba imali yedijithali. Kwezi meko, ixesha lokungasebenzi umncedisi, evunyelwe yiTier II, iya kubiza ngaphantsi kuneTier III.
Uqheliselo lubonisa ukuba kwiimeko ezininzi, ukonga kubaluleke ngaphezu kokunyamezela iimpazamo. Kukho amahlanu kuphela amaziko edatha aqinisekisiweyo e-Tier III eMoscow. Kwaye akukho ziTier IV eziqinisekisiweyo ngokupheleleyo.
Isebenza njani inkqubo yonikezelo lwamandla kwiziko ledatha yaseTushino?
Iimfuno zenkqubo yonikezelo lwamandla kwiziko ledatha yaseTushino ihlangabezana neemeko zenqanaba leTier II. Oku kukungafuneki kweentambo zonikezelo lombane ngokweskimu se-N+1, ukungafuneki konikezelo lwamandla olungaphazamisekiyo ngokwenkqubo ye-N+1 kunye nokungafuneki kwejenereyitha yedizili ngokwenkqubo ye-N+1 kule meko ithetha iskimu nge enye indawo yokugcina, ehlala ingasetyenziswa de inkqubo enye yezinto eziphambili ziya kusilela, kwaye N yinkqubo engafunekiyo apho ukusilela kwayo nayiphi na into kukhokelela ekuphelisweni kokusebenza kwayo yonke inkqubo.
Iingxaki ezininzi ezinxulumene nokunikezelwa kwamandla zingasombululwa ngokukhetha indawo efanelekileyo kwiziko ledatha. Iziko ledatha yaseTushino ifumaneka kwintsimi yeshishini, esele ifumana iilayini ezimbini ze-110 kV ezivela kwimizila yamandla edolophu. Kwizixhobo zesityalo ngokwazo, i-voltage ephezulu iguqulwa ibe yi-voltage ephakathi, kwaye imigca emibini ezimeleyo ye-10 kV inikezelwa kwigalelo leziko ledatha.
I-substation ye-transformer ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo sedatha yedatha iguqula i-voltage ephakathi kumthengi 240-400 V. Yonke imigca iqhutywe ngokufanayo, ngoko ke izixhobo zedatha yedatha zifumana amandla kwimithombo emibini yangaphandle ezimeleyo.
I-voltage ephantsi esuka kwizitishi ze-transformer inikezelwa ukudlulisa utshintsho, oluqinisekisa ukutshintsha phakathi kothungelwano lwesixeko. Iimoto zokuqhuba ezifakwe kwi-ATS zifuna imizuzwana eyi-1,2 kulo msebenzi. Ngalo lonke eli xesha, umthwalo uwela kwizinto zamandla ezingenakuphazamiseka.
Ukutshintshela okuzenzekelayo kokutshintsha okuzenzekelayo kunoxanduva lokuvula ngokuzenzekelayo ijenereyitha ye-diesel kwimeko apho umbane ulahlekile kwimigca yomibini. Ukuqala ijenereyitha ye-diesel yinkqubo ecothayo kwaye idinga imizuzwana engama-40, apho umbane unikezelwa ngokupheleleyo kwiibhetri ze-UPS.
Xa ihlawuliswe ngokupheleleyo, i-diesel generator iqinisekisa ukusebenza kweziko ledatha kwiiyure ze-8. Ukuthathela ingqalelo oku, iziko ledatha lingene kwiikhontrakthi ezimbini kunye nabanikezeli bepetroli be-diesel abazimeleyo omnye komnye, abathatha ukuhambisa inxalenye entsha yepetroli kwiiyure ze-4 emva kokufowuna. Amathuba okuba iimeko ezithile ze-force majeure zenzeke kubo bobabini ngaxeshanye uphantsi kakhulu. Ke, ukuzimela kunokuhlala ixesha elide njengoko abasebenzi bokulungisa kufuneka babuyisele amandla ukusuka kuthungelwano olunye lwesixeko.
Njengoko unokubona ngokulula, akukho lonwabo lobunjineli apha. Oku kubangelwa, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kwinto yokuba xa kwakhiwa isiseko sobunjineli, iimodyuli ezilungiselelwe zisetyenzisiwe, abavelisi balo bagxile "kumthengi oqhelekileyo" othile.
Ngokuqinisekileyo, nayiphi na ingcali ye-IT iya kuthi i-avareji "ayiyintlanzi okanye intaka" kwaye iya kuphakamisa ukuphuhlisa isethi ekhethekileyo yamacandelo enkqubo ethile. Nangona kunjalo, abo bafuna ukubahlawula ngolu lonwabo ngokucacileyo abafoli. Ngoko ke kufuneka sibe nengqiqo. Enyanisweni, yonke into iya kufana nale nto: ukuthenga izixhobo esele zilungile kunye nokudibanisa inkqubo eya kusombulula iingxaki ezifanelekileyo zoshishino. Abo bangavumelaniyo nale ndlela baya kubuyiselwa emhlabeni ngokukhawuleza ligosa eliyintloko lezemali kwishishini.
Iibhodi zokusasaza
Okwangoku, iibhodi ezisithoba zokusabalalisa ziqinisekisa ukusebenza kwezixhobo zokusasaza igalelo kunye neebhodi ezine zokusabalalisa zisetyenziselwa ngokuthe ngqo ukudibanisa umthwalo. Kwakungekho zithintelo zinzulu kwisithuba, kodwa akuzange kubekho nto ininzi kakhulu, ngoko ke enye indawo yobunjineli enomdla yayisekho.
Njengoko kulula ukubona, inani leepaneli "zokufaka" kunye "nomthwalo" azihambelani - ezi mva ziphantse zibe sisiqingatha. Oku kuye kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba abaqulunqi beziseko zophuhliso lwedatha bagqiba ekubeni basebenzise iibhodi zokutshintsha ezinkulu ukuthwala imigca emithathu okanye ngaphezulu engenayo. Kumatshini ngamnye wokufakwayo kukho malunga nemigca yesebe engama-36 ekhuselwe ngoomatshini abahlukeneyo.
Ke, ngamanye amaxesha ukusebenzisa iimodeli ezinkulu kukuvumela ukuba ugcine indawo enqabileyo. Kuba nje amakhaka amakhulu ambalwa aya kufuneka.
Unikezelo lwamandla olungaphazamisekiyo
I-Eaton 93PM enegunya le-120 kVA, esebenza kwimodi yokuguqula kabini, isetyenziswe njengombane ongenakuphazamiseka kwiziko ledatha yaseTushino.
Eaton 93PM UPSs ziyafumaneka kwiinguqulelo ezahlukeneyo. Ifoto: Eaton
Ezona zizathu zokukhetha esi sixhobo sithile ziimpawu zalo ezilandelayo.
Okokuqala, ukusebenza kakuhle kwale UPS kwimodi yokuguqula kabini ifikelela kwi-97%, kwaye kwimodi yokugcina amandla - 99%. Isixhobo sithatha ngaphantsi kwe-1,5 square metres. m kwaye ayithathi indawo yegumbi lomncedisi kwizixhobo eziphambili. Isiphumo ziindleko zokusebenza eziphantsi kunye namashishini okonga afunekayo.
Okwesibini, sibulela kwinkqubo yolawulo lwe-thermal eyakhelweyo, i-Eaton 93PM UPS inokubekwa naphi na. Nditsho ngqo eludongeni. Nokuba awuyifuni kwangoko, unokuyidinga kamva. Umzekelo, ukukhulula indawo ethile enganelanga kwi-rack eyongezelelweyo.
Okwesithathu, kulula ukusebenza. Kubandakanya isoftware yaMandla oBukrelekrele esetyenziselwa ukubeka iliso nokulawula. Iimethrikhi ezithunyelwe nge-SNMP zikuvumela ukuba ubeke iliso kusetyenziso kunye naluphi na ukusilela kwihlabathi, okwenza kube lula ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo.
Okwesine, ukumodareyitha kunye nokukala. Oku mhlawumbi ngowona mgangatho ubaluleke kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba i-UPS enye yemodyuli isetyenziswe kwinkqubo ye-database ye-Tushino. Ibandakanya iimodyuli ezimbini zokusebenza kunye ne-backup enye. Yile ndlela isicwangciso se-N+1 esifunekayo kwinqanaba le-Tier II sinikezelwa ngayo.
Oku kulula kakhulu kwaye kunokwethenjelwa ngakumbi kunoqwalaselo lwee-UPS ezintathu. Ngoko ke, ukukhetha isixhobo esinika ithuba lokusebenza ngokuhambelanayo sisenzo esinengqiqo ngokupheleleyo.
Kodwa kutheni abaqulunqi bengakhethanga i-DRIBP endaweni ye-UPS eyahlukileyo kunye nejenereyitha yedizili? Ezona zizathu ziphambili apha, nazo, azikho kubunjineli, kodwa kwizemali.
Ubume bemodyuli yinto ephambili eyenzelwe ukuphuculwa - njengoko umthwalo ukhula, imithombo kunye neejeneretha zongezwa kwiziseko zobunjineli. Ezindala zisasebenza kwaye zisasebenza. Nge-DRIBP imeko yahluke kakhulu: kufuneka uthenge isixhobo esinjalo esinovimba omkhulu wamandla. Ukongeza, kukho "iindibaniselwano ezincinci" ezimbalwa, kwaye zibiza kakhulu - zibiza kakhulu kunejeneretha yedizili eyahlukileyo kunye ne-UPS. Ii-DRIBPs nazo zinamandla kakhulu kwezothutho kunye nofakelo. Oku, kwakhona, kuchaphazela iindleko zenkqubo yonke.
Ubumbeko olukhoyo lusombulula iingxaki zalo ngempumelelo. I-Eaton 93PM UPS inokuxhasa ukusebenza kwezixhobo eziphambili zedatha yedatha yemizuzu ye-15, oko kukuthi, ngaphezu kwamaxesha e-15 agcinwe.
Kwakhona, i-sine wave ecocekileyo eveliswa yi-UPS kwi-intanethi isusa imfuneko yokuba umnini weziko ledatha athenge izizinzi ezahlukeneyo. Kwaye nantsi imali yogcino.
Ngaphandle kokubhengezwa kokulula kwe-Eaton 93PM UPS, isixhobo sintsokothile kakhulu. Ngoko ke, ukugcinwa kwayo kobugcisa kwiziko ledatha yaseTushino kuqhutyelwa yinkampani yesithathu kunye neengcali eziqeqeshwe kakhulu kubasebenzi bayo. Ukugcina umqeshwa oqeqeshiweyo kubasebenzi ngenxa yale njongo kuluyolo olubiza imali eninzi.
Iziphumo kunye namathemba
Yile ndlela isikhungo sedatha esakhiwe ngayo, okwenza kube lula ukubonelela ngeenkonzo ezikumgangatho ophezulu kubathengi abamisebenzi yabo ayifuni inqanaba eliphezulu lokuphindaphinda kwaye ingabandakanyi iindleko ezinkulu zezoqoqosho. Inkonzo enjalo iya kuhlala ifunwa.
Ngexesha lolwakhiwo olusele lucwangcisiwe lwenqanaba lesibini, i-Eaton UPS esele ithengiwe iya kusetyenziswa ukwenza inkqubo yonikezelo lwamandla egciniweyo. Ngombulelo kuyilo lwemodyuli, ukuphuculwa kwayo kuya kuncitshiswa ekuthengeni imodyuli eyongezelelweyo, ekulungele ngakumbi kwaye ingabizi kakhulu kunokutshintsha ngokupheleleyo isixhobo. Bobabini injineli kunye nomxhasi-mali baya kuvuma le ndlela.
umthombo: www.habr.com
