I-Zebra WT-40 i-terminal yokuqokelela idatha eneskena seringi. Kuyafuneka ukuba ukwazi ukuskena ngokukhawuleza imveliso ngelixa ubeka ngokwasemzimbeni iibhokisi kwi-pallet (izandla zasimahla).
Ukutyhubela iminyaka eliqela, savula iivenkile saza sakhula ngokukhawuleza. Kwaphela ngento yokuba ngoku iindawo zethu zokugcina zifumana kwaye zithumele malunga nama-20 amawaka eepallets ngosuku. Ngokwemvelo, namhlanje sele sineendawo zokugcina izinto ezininzi: ezimbini ezinkulu eMoscow - i-100 kunye ne-140 yeemitha ezili-square, kodwa kukho ezincinci kwezinye izixeko.
Yonke isibini egcinwe kwiinkqubo zokufumana, ukudibanisa okanye ukuthumela iimpahla kwisikali esinjalo yithuba lokugcina ixesha ekusebenzeni. Kwaye oku kwakhona ukonga okukhulu.
Kungenxa yoko le nto ezimbini eziphambili zokuphindaphinda i-algorithm yezenzo ezicingwe kakuhle (inkqubo) kunye neenkqubo ze-IT ezenziwe ngokwezifiso. Ngokukhethekileyo "njengewotshi," kodwa "ukusebenza kancinane kunokugqibelela" nako kufanelekile. Ngapha koko, sikwihlabathi lokwenene.
Ibali laqala kwiminyaka emithandathu eyadlulayo, xa sasijongisisa indlela kanye abathengisi bezothula ngayo iilori kwindawo yethu yokugcina impahla. Yayingekho ngqiqweni, kodwa iqhelekile, kangangokuba abasebenzi abazange baqaphele nokuba inkqubo yayingekho ngqiqweni. Ngaphezu koko, ngelo xesha sasingenayo inkqubo yokulawula indawo yokugcina impahla, kwaye sasithembela kakhulu kwimisebenzi ye-logistics kubaqhubi be-3PL abasebenzisa isofthiwe yabo kunye namava kwiinkqubo zokwakha.
Ukwamkelwa kwempahla
Njengoko besesitshilo, inkampani yethu ngelo xesha (njengoko, ngokomgaqo, ngoku) yayifuna ukuvula iivenkile ezininzi, ngoko ke kwafuneka ukuba siphucule iinkqubo zokugcina impahla ukuze sinyuse i-output (impahla eninzi ngexesha elincinci). Lo ibingengomsebenzi ulula, kwaye bekungenakwenzeka ukuwusombulula ngokunyusa nje abasebenzi, ukuba nje bonke aba bantu bebeya kuphazamisana. Ngaloo ndlela, saqala ukucinga malunga nokuphumeza inkqubo yolwazi lwe-WMS (inkqubo yolawulo lwe-warehouse). Njengoko bekulindelekile, siqale ngenkcazo yeenkqubo zogcino ekujoliswe kuzo kwaye kwasekuqaleni siye safumanisa intsimi engalinywanga yokuphucula inkqubo yokufumana iimpahla. Kwakufuneka ukuba kwenziwe iinkqubo kwenye yeendawo zokugcina iimpahla ukuze emva koko zidluliselwe kwabanye.
Ukwamkela ngomnye wemisebenzi yokuqala emikhulu kwindawo yokugcina impahla. Iza kwiindidi ezininzi: xa sibala nje inani leengcezu zempahla kwaye xa sifuna, ukongeza koku, ukubala ukuba zingaphi kwaye luhlobo luni lwamanqaku kwi-pallet nganye. Uninzi lweempahla zethu zidlula kwi-cross-docking flow. Oku kuxa iimpahla zifika kwindawo yokugcina impahla evela kumthengisi, kwaye i-warehouse isebenza njenge-router kwaye izama ukuyithumela ngokukhawuleza kummkeli wokugqibela (ivenkile). Kukho ezinye izinto ezihambayo, umzekelo, xa i-warehouse isebenza njenge-cache okanye njengeyunithi yokugcina (kufuneka ubeke unikezelo kwisitokisi, ulwahlule lube ngamacandelo kwaye uhambise ngokuthe ngcembe kwiivenkile). Mhlawumbi, oogxa bam abasebenza kwiimodeli zemathematika zokuphucula iintsalela baya kukuxelela ngcono malunga nokusebenza nesitokhwe. Kodwa nantsi into emangalisayo! Iingxaki zaqala ukuvela kwimisebenzi yezandla.
Inkqubo yayibukeka ngolu hlobo: iloli yafika, umqhubi watshintshisa amaxwebhu kunye nomphathi wendawo yokugcina impahla, umlawuli waqonda into efikile apho kunye nalapho angayithumela khona, emva koko wayalela umlayishi ukuba athathe iimpahla. Konke oku kuthathe malunga neeyure ezintathu (ngokuqinisekileyo, ixesha lokuvunywa lixhomekeke kakhulu kuhlobo luni lokuhamba kwe-logistics esiyamkelayo: kwezinye iindawo kuyimfuneko ukwenza ukubala kwangaphakathi, kwaye kwezinye kungekhona). Akunakwenzeka ukuthumela abantu abaninzi kwilori enye: baya kuphazamisana.
Yayiyintoni ilahleko? Kwakukho ulwandle kubo. Okokuqala, abasebenzi boovimba bafumana amaxwebhu ephepha. Bakhangela kwaye benza izigqibo malunga nokuba benze ntoni ngonikezelo olusekelwe kubo. Okwesibini, babala iipalati ngesandla kwaye baqaphela ubuninzi kumanqaku afanayo okuhambisa. Emva koko iifom zokwamkelwa ezigqityiweyo zathunyelwa kwikhompyutheni, apho idatha ifakwe kwifayile ye-XLS. Idatha evela kule fayile yathunyelwa kwi-ERP, kwaye kuphela emva koko undoqo wethu we-IT wawubona ngokwenene imveliso. Besinemetadata encinci malunga nomyalelo, njengexesha lokufika kwezithuthi, okanye le datha ibingachanekanga.
Into yokuqala esiyenzileyo kukuqalisa ukuzenzela iindawo zokugcina iimpahla ngokwazo ukuze zibe nenkxaso yeenkqubo (besidinga ukufaka iqela lesoftware, ihardware efana neskena sebhakhowudi ephathwayo, kwaye sisebenzise iziseko zophuhliso kuyo yonke le nto). Emva koko siye sadibanisa ezi nkqubo kunye neERP ngebhasi. Ekugqibeleni, ulwazi malunga nokufumaneka kwempahla luhlaziywa kwisistim xa umlayishi eqhuba iskena sebhakhowudi phezu kwepallet kwilori efikayo.
Kwaba ngolu hlobo:
- Umthengisi ngokwakhe ugcwalisa idatha malunga nento ayithumelayo kuthi kwaye nini. Kule nto kukho indibaniselwano ye-SWP kunye nee-EDI portals. Oko kukuthi, ivenkile ipapasha umyalelo, kwaye ababoneleli bathembisa ukuzalisekisa umyalelo kunye nokubonelela ngeempahla ngobuninzi obufunekayo. Xa uthumela iimpahla, zibonisa ukubunjwa kweepalati kwilori kunye nayo yonke ingcaciso eyimfuneko ye-logistics.
- Xa imoto ishiya umthengisi kuthi, sele sisazi ukuba yeyiphi imveliso ezayo kuthi; Ngaphezu koko, ulawulo lwamaxwebhu e-elektroniki luye lwasekwa kunye nababoneleli, ngoko siyazi ukuba i-UPD sele isayinwe. Iskimu sokuhamba ngokugqibeleleyo kwale mveliso siyalungiswa: ukuba oku kuwela i-docking, ngoko sele si-odole ukuthutha ukusuka kwindawo yokugcina impahla, sibala iimpahla, kunye nazo zonke izinto ezihambayo, sele sinqume ukuba singakanani izibonelelo zogcino esiya kuthi. kufuneka kuqhutywe ukuhanjiswa. Kwiinkcukacha ze-cross-docking, isicwangciso sokuqala sothutho olusuka kwindawo yokugcina impahla lwenziwa kwinqanaba langaphambili, xa umthengisi esanda kugcina indawo yokuhanjiswa kwi-warehouse gate management system (YMS - inkqubo yolawulo lweyadi), edityaniswe ne-portal yomthengisi. . Ulwazi luza kwiYMS ngoko nangoko.
- I-YMS ifumana inombolo yeloli (ukuba ichaneke ngakumbi, inombolo yokuthunyelwa kwi-SWP) kwaye ibhalise umqhubi ukuba amkelwe, oko kukuthi, inika ixesha elifunekayo kuye. Oko kukuthi, ngoku umqhubi ofike ngexesha akafuneki ukuba alinde emgceni, kwaye ixesha lakhe elisemthethweni kunye ne-dock yokothula yabelwe yena. Oku kusivumele, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukuba sisasaze iilori ngokugqibeleleyo kuwo wonke ummandla kwaye sisebenzise iindawo zokukothula izinto ngokufanelekileyo. Yaye kwakhona, ekubeni sisenza ucwangciso kwangaphambili malunga nokuba ngubani oya kufika phi yaye nini, siyazi ukuba bangaphi abantu abafunekayo yaye phi. Oko kukuthi, oku kukwanxulumene neeshedyuli zomsebenzi zabasebenzi bendawo yokugcina impahla.
- Njengomphumo walo mlingo, abalayishi abasafuni mzila ongezelelweyo, kodwa balinda kuphela iimoto ukuba zizothule. Ngapha koko, isixhobo sabo - i-terminal - ibaxelela ukuba benze ntoni kwaye nini. Kwinqanaba le-abstraction, kufana ne-API yokulayisha, kodwa kwimodeli yokusebenzisana nomntu-computer. Umzuzu i-pallet yokuqala iskenwa kwilori ikwayirekhodi yokuhanjiswa kwemetadata.
- Ukukhupha kusekwenziwe ngesandla, kodwa umlayishi uqhuba iskena sebhakhowudi kwipalethi nganye kwaye uyaqinisekisa ukuba idatha yeleyibhile ilungile. Inkqubo ijonga ukuba yipalethi echanekileyo esiyilindeleyo. Ekupheleni kokukhulula, inkqubo iya kuba nenani elichanekileyo lazo zonke izinto zempahla. Ngeli nqanaba, iziphene zisacinywa: ukuba kukho umonakalo ocacileyo kwisitya sothutho, ngoko kwanele ukuba uqaphele oku ngexesha lokukhupha okanye ungawamkeli le mveliso kwaphela ukuba ayinakusebenziseka ngokupheleleyo.
- Ngaphambili, iipallets zazibalwa kwindawo yokothula emva kokuba zonke zothulwa kwilori. Ngoku inkqubo yokothula ngokwasemzimbeni kukuphinda kubalwe kwakhona. Sibuyisela isiphene ngokukhawuleza ukuba kubonakala. Ukuba ayicacanga kwaye ifunyenwe kamva, ngoko siyiqokelela kwisithinteli esikhethekileyo kwindawo yokugcina impahla. Kukhawuleza kakhulu ukuphosa ipalethi ngakumbi kwinkqubo, ukuqokelela ishumi elinesibini kwaye unike umthengisi ithuba lokuthatha yonke into ngexesha elinye kutyelelo olunye olwahlukileyo. Ezinye iintlobo zeziphene zikhutshelwa kwindawo yokurisayikilisha (oku kusoloko kusebenza kubanikezeli bangaphandle, abafumana kulula ukufumana iifoto kunye nokuthumela imveliso entsha kunokuyamkela kwakhona ukuwela umda).
- Ukugqiba kothulwa, kusayinwa amaphepha, aze umqhubi ahambe esiya kwenza umsebenzi wakhe.
Kwinkqubo endala, iipallets zazihlala zifuduselwa kwindawo ekhethekileyo ye-buffer, apho sele zisetyenzwe ngayo: zibalwe, umtshato ubhalisiwe, njalo njalo. Oku kwakuyimfuneko ukuze kukhululwe izibuko lemoto elandelayo. Ngoku zonke iinkqubo ziqwalaselwe ngendlela yokuba lo mmandla wesithinteli awufuneki. Kukho amabali akhethiweyo (umzekelo omnye yinkqubo ekhethiweyo ye-intra-package recounting ukwenzela ukuwela-dock kwi-warehouse, ephunyezwe kwiprojekthi ye-"Traffic Light"), kodwa uninzi lweempahla zilungiswa ngokukhawuleza xa zifunyenwe kwaye zivela kwidokhi. ukuba bahambe baye kweyona ndawo ilungileyo kwindawo yokugcina okanye ngokukhawuleza baye kwelinye idokhi ukuze kulayishwe ukuba isithuthi sothutho olusuka kwindawo yokugcina impahla sele sifikile. Ndiyazi ukuba oku kuvakala kuyinto eqhelekileyo kuwe, kodwa kwiminyaka emihlanu edlulileyo, kwindawo enkulu yokugcina iimpahla, ukukwazi ukuhambisa uthutho ngokuthe ngqo ukuya kwiindawo ezisekupheleni njengedokhi yokulayisha enye ilori kwabonakala ngathi yinto ephuma kwinkqubo yendawo kuthi.
Kwenzeka ntoni emva kwemveliso?
Okulandelayo, ukuba oku akukona ukuwela (kwaye iimpahla azikangeni kwi-buffer ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa okanye ngokuthe ngqo kwi-dock), ngoko kufuneka ifakwe kwisitokhwe ukuze igcinwe.
Kuyimfuneko ukugqiba apho le mveliso iya kuhamba, apho iseli yokugcina. Kwinkqubo endala, kwakuyimfuneko ukujonga ngokubonakalayo ukuba yeyiphi indawo esigcina kuyo iimpahla zolu hlobo, kwaye emva koko ukhethe indawo apho kwaye uyithathe, uyibeke, ubhale phantsi oko sibeka khona. Ngoku simise iindlela zokubeka imveliso nganye ngokwe-topology. Siyazi ukuba yeyiphi imveliso ekufuneka ingene kweyiphi indawo kwaye kweyiphi iseli, siyazi ukuba zingaphi iiseli ezongezelelweyo ekufuneka zihlale kufutshane ukuba zinkulu. Umntu usondela kwipallet aze ayiskene ngeSSCC esebenzisa iTSD. Iskena sibonisa: "Yise ku-A101-0001-002." Emva koko uyithatha apho kwaye abhale into ayibeke apho, ekrola iskena kwikhowudi elapho. Inkqubo ijonga ukuba yonke into ichanekile kwaye iyiphawule. Akukho mfuneko yokubhala nantoni na.
Oku kugqiba inxalenye yokuqala yokusebenza kunye nemveliso. Emva koko ivenkile ikulungele ukuyilanda kwindawo yokugcina impahla. Kwaye oku kukhokelela kwinkqubo elandelayo, apho oogxa besebe lokuthenga iimpahla baya kukuxelela ngcono ngayo.
Ngoko, kwinkqubo, isitokhwe sihlaziywa ngexesha lomyalelo wamkelwe. Kwaye isitokhwe seseli ngeli xesha i-pallet ifakwe kuyo. Oko kukuthi, sihlala sisazi ukuba zingaphi iimpahla zizonke kwindawo yokugcina iimpahla kunye nalapho imveliso nganye ikhoyo.
Uninzi lokuqukuqela lusebenza ngokuthe ngqo kwii-hubs (iindawo zokugcina iimpahla ezithunyelwa kwingingqi) kuba sinababoneleli abaninzi bengingqi kwingingqi nganye. Kukulungele ngakumbi ukufaka i-air conditioners efanayo esuka eVoronezh kungekhona kwi-warehouse federal, kodwa ngokuthe ngqo kwii-hubs zendawo, ukuba oku kukhawuleza.
Ukubuyela umva kwenkunkuma kwakhona kuphuculwe kancinci: ukuba iimpahla ziwela, umthengisi unokuyithatha kwindawo yokugcina impahla eMoscow. Ukuba i-defect ibonakaliswe emva kokuvula iphakheji yezothutho (kwaye yayingacacanga ukusuka ngaphandle, oko kukuthi, kwakungeyona impazamo yabasebenzi bezothutho), ngoko kukho imimandla yokubuyela kwivenkile nganye. Isiphene sinokuthunyelwa kwi-warehouse ye-federal, okanye inokunikwa umthengisi ngokuthe ngqo kwivenkile. Okwesibini kwenzeka rhoqo.
Enye inkqubo ngoku efuna ukuphuculwa kukulungiswa kwezinto ezingathengiswanga ngamaxesha athile onyaka. Inyani kukuba sinamaxesha amabini abalulekileyo: Unyaka omtsha kunye nexesha lokulima. Oko kukuthi, ngoJanuwari sifumana imithi eyenziweyo engathengiswanga kunye neentyantyambo kwiziko lokuhambisa, kwaye ebusika sifumana oomatshini bokucheba utshani kunye nezinye iimpahla zonyaka ekufuneka zilondolozwe ukuba zisinda ngomnye unyaka. Ngokwethiyori, kufuneka sizithengise ngokupheleleyo ekupheleni kwesizini okanye sizinike omnye umntu, kwaye singazitsali sizibuyisele kwindawo yokugcina iimpahla- le yindawo esingekafiki kuyo.
Kule minyaka mihlanu, siye sacutha ixesha lokufumana iimpahla (ukothula umatshini) ngokuphindwe kane kwaye sakhawulezisa inani lezinye iinkqubo, ezithe xa zizonke ziphucule ingeniso ye-cross-docking ngaphezu kwesiqingatha. Umsebenzi wethu kukuphucula ukuze kuncitshiswe uluhlu lwempahla kwaye hayi "ukukhenkcela" imali kwindawo yokugcina impahla. Kwaye benza ukuba iivenkile zikwazi ukufumana iimpahla ezizifunayo kancinane ngexesha.
Kwiinkqubo zokugcina iimpahla, uphuculo olukhulu lwalukukwenza oko kwakukade kuliphepha, ukulahla amanyathelo angeyomfuneko kwinkqubo ngokusebenzisa izixhobo kunye neenkqubo ezicwangcisiweyo ngokufanelekileyo, kunye nokudibanisa zonke iinkqubo ze-IT zenkampani zibe yinto enye ukuze umyalelo ovela kwi-ERP ( umz. ivenkile ilahlekile into kwishelufu yesithathu ngasekhohlo) ekugqibeleni yajika yaba ziintshukumo ezithile kwinkqubo yokugcina impahla, iodolo yothutho, njalo njalo. Ngoku ukwenza ngcono kungaphezulu kwezo nkqubo singekafiki kuzo, kunye nezibalo zokuqikelela. Oko kukuthi, ixesha lokuphunyezwa ngokukhawuleza liphelile, senze loo 30% yomsebenzi onike i-60% yesiphumo, kwaye ke kufuneka sigubungele ngokuthe ngcembe abanye. Okanye ufudukele kweminye imimandla ukuba kunokwenziwa okungakumbi apho.
Ewe, ukuba ubala kwimithi egciniweyo, ke uguqulo lwababoneleli kwiiphothali ze-EDI nalo lunike okuninzi. Ngoku phantse bonke ababoneleli abafowuneli okanye banxibelelane nomphathi, kodwa bajonge iiodolo kwiakhawunti yabo yobuqu, baqinisekise kwaye bahambise iimpahla. Nanini na xa kunokwenzeka, siyala iphepha ukususela ngo-2014, i-98% yababoneleli sele isebenzise ulawulo lwamaxwebhu e-elektroniki. Iyonke, le yimithi engama-3 egcinwe ngonyaka nje ngokungaprintwa onke amaphepha ayimfuneko. Kodwa oku akuthatheli ngqalelo ukushisa okuvela kwiiprosesa, kodwa kwakhona ngaphandle kokuthathela ingqalelo ixesha lokusebenza eligciniweyo labantu abafana nabaphathi abafanayo kwifowuni.
Kwiminyaka emihlanu, saba neevenkile ezininzi ngokuphindwe kane, amaxwebhu ahlukeneyo aphindwe kathathu, kwaye ukuba bekungengo-EDI, ngebe sinabacwangcisi-mali ngokuphindwe kathathu.
Asiyeki apho kwaye siqhubeke nokudibanisa imiyalezo emitsha kwi-EDI, ababoneleli abatsha kulawulo lwamaxwebhu e-elektroniki.
Kunyaka ophelileyo sivule iziko elikhulu lokusabalalisa eYurophu - i-140 lamawaka sq. m - kwaye uqalise ngokuyilungisa. Ndiza kuthetha ngale nto kwelinye inqaku.
umthombo: www.habr.com
