Indlela yokuvavanya ukusebenza kokugcinwa kwiLinux: ukulinganisa usebenzisa izixhobo ezivulekileyo

В kwilixa elidlulile sathetha ngezixhobo zomthombo ovulekileyo wokuvavanya iprosesa kunye nokusebenza kwememori. Namhlanje sithetha ngemilinganiselo yeenkqubo zefayile kunye neenkqubo zokugcina kwiLinux - Interbench, Fio, Hdparm, S kunye noBonnie.

--Ото - Daniele Levis Pelusi — Unsplash

Ucingo

I-Fio (imele i-Flexible I/O Tester) yenza imijelo yediski ye-I/O ukuvavanya ukusebenza kwenkqubo yefayile yeLinux. Isixhobo sinokuqhutywa kwiWindows - kufuneka ufakele ujongano lomgca womyalelo Cygwin. Isikhokelo sokuseta singaphakathi fio zokugcina kwiGitHub.

Umbhali fio - Jens Axbo (UJens Axboe), inoxanduva yenkqubo esezantsi ye-IO kwiLinux kunye nomphuhlisi oluncedo blktrace ukulandelela imisebenzi ye-I/O. Wadala i-fio, kuba ndidiniwe bhala iinkqubo zokuvavanya imithwalo ethile ngesandla.

Usetyenziso luya kubala i-IOPS kunye ne-throughput yenkqubo, kwaye ikuvumela ukuba uqikelele ubunzulu bomgca wemisebenzi ye-I/O. Isixhobo sisebenza ngeefayile ezikhethekileyo (.fio extension) apho useto kunye neemeko zovavanyo zikhankanyiwe. Kukho iinketho ezininzi zovavanyo, umzekelo, kukho ukubhala okungahleliwe, ukufunda kunye nokubhala ngaphezulu. Apha mzekelo imixholo yefayile kwimeko yokuqala:

[global]
	name=fio-rand-read
	filename=fio-rand-read
	rw=randread
	bs=4K
	direct=0
	numjobs=1
	time_based=1
	runtime=900

Namhlanje i-fio isetyenziswa ziinkampani ezinkulu - zisebenza kunye nezinto eziluncedo USUSE, I-Nutanix и IBM.

Hdparm

Isixhobo sabhalwa ngumphuhlisi waseCanada uMark Lord emva kwe2005. Yena nangoku ixhaswa ngumbhali kwaye iyinxalenye yosasazo oluninzi oludumileyo. Injongo ephambili ye-hdparm kukuqwalasela iiparameters zokuqhuba. Kodwa isixhobo unako sebenzisa iibenchmarks ezilula, ezifana nesantya sokufunda. Ukwenza oku, bhala umyalelo kwi-console:

$ sudo hdparm -t /dev/sdb

Inkqubo iya kuvelisa impendulo efana nale:

Timing buffered disk reads: 242 MB in 3.01 seconds = 80.30 MB/sec

Ngokuphathelele ukuqwalasela iidrives, i-hdparm ikuvumela ukuba utshintshe ubungakanani bememori ye-cache, uguqule imo yokulala kunye noseto lwamandla, kunye nokucima ngokukhuselekileyo idatha kwi-SSD. Kodwa kanjani lumkisa Iingcali ezivela kwi-ArchLinux, utshintsho olungakhathaliyo kwiiparameters zenkqubo lunokwenza idatha kwidiski ingafikeleleki kwaye yonakalise i-drive. Ngaphambi kokuba usebenze nge-hdparm, kungcono ukufunda i-manual - faka nje umyalelo we-hdparm kwi-console.

S

Olu luluhlu lwemilinganiselo yokuvavanya ukusebenza kweenkqubo ze-I/O. Ababhali bezinto eziluncedo babe iqela lophuhliso ukusuka kwiqela le-AlgoDev, elibandakanya abasebenzi baseTaliyane IYunivesithi yaseModena kunye neReggio Emilia.

Zonke iibenchmarks zizikripthi ze-bash, abaphononongi ukusebenza kwenkqubo yokugcina - i-throughput, latency, ukusebenza komcwangcisi. Umzekelo, i- throughput-sync.sh benchmark "bombards" inkqubo yokugcina kunye nezicelo zokufunda okanye zokubhala (kulo mzekelo, into esele ikhankanyiwe yefio isetyenziswa). Apha ikhowudi yesi script.

Esinye iskripthi - comm_startup_lat.sh - silinganisa i-latency yokufunda idatha kwidiski xa i-cache "ibanda" (xa ingenayo idatha efunekayo). Ikhowudi nayo inokufumaneka kwindawo yokugcina.

--Ото - Aye Barros — Unsplash

UBonnie

Isixhobo sokuvavanya ukusebenza kwenkqubo yefayile, ephuhliswe ngo-1989. Umbhali wayo wayeyinjineli uTim Bray. Ngoncedo lukaBonnie waceba lungiselela ukusebenza kweenkqubo zekhompyuter ezibandakanyekayo kwiprojekthi New Oxford IsiNgesi Dictionary kwiYunivesithi yaseWaterloo.

UBonnie uyazalisekisa ukufunda nokubhala okungahleliwe kwedatha kwidiski. Emva koko usebenziso lubonisa iiparameters ezifana nenani leebytes eziqwalaselwe ngokwe CPU-yesibini, kunye nenqanaba lomthwalo weprosesa njengepesenti. Ikhowudi yomthombo webenchmark iyafumaneka fumana kwiKhowudi kaGoogle.

Ngokusekwe kuBonnie, enye iseti yezixhobo zokuvavanya ii-hard drives zakhiwe - Bonnie++ (ibhalwe ngoC++ endaweni kaC). Ibonelela ngezixhobo ezongezelelweyo zebenchmark. Ngokomzekelo, i-zcav ukuvavanya ukusebenza kweendawo ezahlukeneyo ze-HDD. Kwakhona uBonnie++ подходит yokuvavanya iiseva zeposi kunye neeseva zedatabase.

Interbench

Phuhlisa into eluncedo Con Kolivas (Con Kolivas), i-anesthetist yase-Australia eyaziwa ngamagalelo akhe kuphuhliso lwe-Linux kernel kunye nokusebenza kwi "umcwangcisi womqhubekekisi olungileyo" I-Interbench ikunceda uqwalasele umcwangcisi we-I/O kunye noseto lwenkqubo yefayile.

I-Interbench ilinganisa ukuziphatha komcwangcisi we-CPU xa kusenziwa imisebenzi edibeneyo. Le misebenzi isebenzisanayo inokusebenza ngeaudio kunye nevidiyo, ukuqhuba imidlalo yekhompyuter, okanye ukutsala ibhokisi yencoko yababini kwinkqubo yokusebenza.

Ikhowudi yomthombo, imizekelo kunye neengcebiso zokuqwalasela isixhobo zinokufumaneka indawo yokugcina esemthethweni kwi-GitHub.

Yintoni esibhala ngayo kwiibhlog zethu:

Imilinganiselo yeeseva zeLinux: Izixhobo ezi-5 ezivulekileyo

Ukugcina iifayile: indlela yokuzikhusela kwilahleko yedatha
Indlela yokudlulisela inkqubo hard drive kumatshini wenyani?
Uqeqesho lumele abalawuli: ukuba ilifu linokunceda njani

Ukuhlolwa kweegajethi kumda: indlela yokwenza ukuze ungalahlekelwa yidatha eyimfihlo?
I-Snapshots: kutheni "i-snapshots" ifuneka?

umthombo: www.habr.com