Ukusuka kumguquleli
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Kutshanje, uGoogle ubhengeze ukufumaneka . Eli lelinye lamaziko edatha anamhlanje apho iinkampani ezifana neMicrosoft, i-Facebook, i-Apple, i-Yahoo, kunye nabanye baye batyala imali, ebekwe ecaleni komgca ohambelana ne-41st parallel e-United States.
Nganye kwezi nkampani ityala iibhiliyoni zeedola kwezi zixeko zine:
- Microsoft kwelinye lamaziko amakhulu edatha eDes Moines, Iowa, kunye , ibekwe e Cheyenne, Wyoming.
- iapile kwiziko ledatha elikwinqanaba eliphezulu eDes Moines.
- Uphando kwiziko ledatha elikufutshane ne-Omaha, eNebraska, ukongeza kutyalo-mali lwakutsha nje eSalt Lake City.
- yakha i-1.5 petaflop supercomputer e-Cheyenne, kwaye yenye yeekhompyutha ezinkulu ezikhawulezayo kwihlabathi.
- I-Arhente yoKhuseleko yeSizwe yase-US iyasebenza eSalt Lake City, eUtah.
Ke yintoni eyenza i-41st parallel ikhetheke kakhulu, ibangela ukuba iinkampani ezahlukeneyo zityale iibhiliyoni zeedola zokwakha amaziko edatha kwezi zixeko?
Impendulo kukuba uninzi lwezithuthi ezihamba ukusuka empuma ukuya entshona ye-United States kwaye umva udlula kwindawo nganye kwezi ndawo ngeengqokelela ezinkulu zeentambo zefiber optic eziphethwe ziinkampani ezininzi ze-telecom, ezinje: AT&T, Verizon, I-Comcast, iNqanaba lesi-3, i-Zayo, i-Fibertech, i-Windstream kunye nabanye.
Esi siseko senethiwekhi yefiber optic inika amaziko edatha ukufikelela kwinani elikhulu lamatshaneli abanzi, ifuthe umjikelo wotyalo-mali - amaziko amaninzi edatha atsala i-traffic eninzi, nto leyo ekhokelela ekwakhiweni kwe-fiber optic backbones, ekhokelela kwakhona ekwakheni amaziko amaninzi edatha. .
Kutheni le nto zonke ezi ngxilimbela ze-telecom zikhethe ukubeka iindlela zazo kule ndlela inqumla e-US? Ngenxa yokuba nganye kwezi ntambo zihamba ngaphantsi komhlaba ecaleni kwendlela ekunene eqhubekayo malunga neemitha ezingama-60 ububanzi ecaleni komgaqo kaloliwe wokuqala onqumla kwilizwekazi, owagqitywa ngowe-1869. Urhulumente wase-US wanika ilungelo lo mhlaba kumzila kaloliwe we-Union Pacific ngokusayina . Kwaye ukuba uyinkampani yezonxibelelwano ejonge ukwakha umqolo omtsha obonakalayo kulo lonke elase-United States ngo-2019, inye kuphela inkampani oya kuyidinga ilungelelanise iprojekthi yakho ne: Union Pacific. Esi siqwenga somhlaba sinqumla ngokupheleleyo eUnited States, njengoko sibonwa kolu yilo lukaloliwe luka-1864:
Umzekelo wendawo enjalo ye-telecom yeyona teleport ye-EchoStar e-Cheyenne, e-Wyoming. I-EchoStar isebenza ngeesathelayithi ze-geostationary ezingama-25 ukusasaza umxholo kunye neemuvi. Bathenga isiqwenga somhlaba esikhulu ecaleni kwe-Union Pacific right-of-way, ebavumela ukuba bacofe ngokuthe ngqo kwiintambo ze-transcontinental optical ezingcwatywe ecaleni kwendlela kaloliwe.
Kulo mfanekiso ungezantsi unokubona ngokucacileyo umgca wokwahlula imigca yepropathi ye-EchoStar, esemantla ehambelana ne-Union Pacific ilungelo lokuhamba.
Omnye umzekelo wokusondela okunjalo ngamaziko edatha kaMicrosoft kunye neziko lekhompyutha enkulu ye-NCAR e-Wyoming. Zombini zimi kumgama weekhilomitha kumzila kaloliwe we-Union Pacific:
Kwakutheni ukuze kwakhiwe umgaqo kaloliwe ecaleni kwe-41st parallel, ukusuka e-Iowa ukuya eKhalifoniya?
Ukususela ngo-1853, iUnited States iye yaqhuba ukuze ufumane eyona ndlela ilungileyo kaloliwe omtsha - ecaleni kwe-47th, 39th, 35th kunye ne-32nd parallels. Ngomnyaka we-1859, uNobhala weMfazwe wase-US uJefferson Davis wayixhasa ngamandla indlela esemazantsi esuka eNew Orleans ukuya eSan Diego - yayimfutshane, kwakungekho ntaba ziphakamileyo zokoyisa endleleni, kwaye kwakungekho mvula yekhephu eya kwandisa iindleko zokugcina entsha. iindlela zikaloliwe. Kodwa ngeminyaka yoo-1850, akukho nkongolose yasemantla eyayiza kuvotela indlela esemazantsi, eyayiza kunceda uqoqosho lwamakhoboka e-Confederacy, kwaye akukho nkongolose yasemazantsi eyayiza kuvotela indlela yasentla. Lo mqobo waqhubeka de kwaqhambuka iMfazwe Yamakhaya yaseMelika. Xa amazwe asemazantsi ahlukana nomanyano ngo-1861, abaseleyo bezopolitiko basemantla bakhawuleza bavotela inkxaso yoMthetho wendlela kaloliwe ka-1862, owaseka indawo ekuza kuqalwa kuyo indlela enqumla kwi-Continental Bluffs, e-Iowa, kunye nendlela yayo esuka entshona isiya empuma ecaleni kwendlela yama-41. -th parallel.
Kutheni iBhunga Bluffs? Kwakukho izixeko ezininzi ezazikulungele ukukhuphisana ngeli lungelo. Kodwa i-Council Bluffs yakhethwa ngenxa yokuba intlambo yoMlambo iPlate ngasentshona yesixeko yayithambekile isiya ngakwiiNtaba zeRocky, inikela ngomthombo ofanelekileyo wamanzi kwizitishi zikaloliwe. Kusetyenziswa la manzi manye ngoku amaziko edatha angoku kule ndlela.
Emva kokuba umgaqo kaloliwe wokuqala ugqityiwe, iWestern Union yakhawuleza yaseka ipaseji yokuqala yonxibelelwano phakathi kwendlela kaloliwe ekunene, kwaye kwakamsinyane yathumela zonke iitelegrams ukusuka kwelinye icala lelizwekazi ukuya kwelinye. Kamva, xa i-AT&T yakha iintambo zemfonomfono ezikude ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, nazo zakhiwa ecaleni kwalo mzila kaloliwe. Aba hola bendlela bakhula baza bakhelwa phezu kwabo bade baba liqela elikhulu leendlela zonxibelelwano ezikhoyo kwesi siqwenga somhlaba namhlanje.
Yile ndlela izigqibo zomgaqo-nkqubo ezenziwe ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-150 edlulileyo ziye zagqiba apho iibhiliyoni ezininzi zeedola zityalwe kumaziko edatha yanamhlanje.
umthombo: www.habr.com