Ekuqaleni kusoloko kunzima ukuqonda iprojekthi enkulu kunye endala. I-Architecture yenye yemisebenzi yovavanyo loyilo lwezakhiwo. Ngokwesiqhelo kufuneka usebenze ngeeprojekthi ezinkulu, ezindala, kwaye iziphumo kufuneka zihanjiswe ngeveki.
Indlela yokuvavanya iprojekthi ye-100k okanye imigca engaphezulu yekhowudi ngeveki ngelixa ubonelela ngeziphumo eziluncedo ngokwenene kumxhasi.
Uninzi lwabayili bezakhiwo kunye neenkokeli zobugcisa ziye zadibana novavanyo lweprojekthi efanayo. Oku kunokujongeka njengenkqubo esesikweni okanye njengenkonzo eyahlukileyo njengoko isenziwa kwinkampani yethu, ngandlelβ ithile uninzi lwenu lukhe lwajongana noku.
Eyoqobo ngesiNgesi yabahlobo bakho abangathethi isiRashiya ilapha: .
Indlela yenkampani yethu
Ndiza kukuxelela indlela esebenza ngayo kwinkampani yethu kunye nendlela endisebenza ngayo kwiimeko ezifanayo, kodwa unokutshintsha ngokulula le ndlela ngokweemfuno zeprojekthi yakho kunye nenkampani.
Kukho iindidi ezimbini zovavanyo lwezakhiwo.
Ngaphakathi β sihlala siyenzela iiprojekthi ngaphakathi kwinkampani. Nayiphi na iprojekthi inokucela uvavanyo lwezakhiwo ngezizathu ezininzi:
- Iqela licinga ukuba iprojekthi yabo ilungile kwaye oku kuyakrokra. Siye saba neemeko ezinjalo, kwaye ngokufuthi kwiiprojekthi ezinjalo yonke into ayihambi kakuhle.
- Iqela lifuna ukuvavanya iprojekthi yabo kunye nezisombululo zabo.
- Iqela liyazi ukuba izinto zimbi. Basenokudwelisa iingxaki eziphambili kunye nezizathu, kodwa bafuna uluhlu olupheleleyo lweengxaki kunye neengcebiso zokuphucula iprojekthi.
Ngaphandle yinkqubo esesikweni ngaphezu kovavanyo lwangaphakathi. Umxhasi uhlala esiza kuphela kwimeko enye, xa yonke into imbi - imbi kakhulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo umxhasi uyaqonda ukuba kukho iingxaki zehlabathi, kodwa akakwazi ukuchonga ngokuchanekileyo izizathu kunye nokuziqhekeza zibe ngamacandelo.
Ukuvavanya i-architecture yomthengi wangaphandle yimeko enzima ngakumbi. Inkqubo kufuneka ibe ngokusesikweni ngakumbi. Iiprojekthi zihlala zinkulu kwaye zindala. Baneengxaki ezininzi, iibhugi kunye nekhowudi egoso. Ingxelo ngomsebenzi owenziweyo kufuneka ilungile kwiiveki ezimbalwa ubuninzi, ekufuneka ibandakanye iingxaki eziphambili kunye neengcebiso zokuphucula. Ngoko ke, ukuba sijongana novavanyo lwangaphandle lweprojekthi, ngoko uvavanyo lwangaphakathi luya kuba yinxalenye yekhekhe. Makhe siqwalasele eyona meko inzima.
Uvavanyo lolwakhiwo lweprojekthi yeshishini
Iprojekthi eqhelekileyo yokuvavanywa yiprojekthi enkulu, endala, yeshishini eneengxaki ezininzi. Umthengi uza kuthi aze asicele ukuba silungise iprojekthi yakhe. Kufana ne-iceberg, umxhasi ubona kuphela incam yeengxaki zakhe kwaye akazi ukuba yintoni ephantsi kwamanzi (ebunzulu bekhowudi).
Iingxaki umthengi anokukhalaza ngazo kwaye azaziyo:
- Imiba yokuSebenza
- Imiba yokusetyenziswa
- Ukusasazwa kwexesha elide
- Ukunqongophala kweyunithi kunye nolunye uvavanyo
Iingxaki ekunokwenzeka ukuba umxhasi angazazi, kodwa zisenokubakho kwiprojekthi:
- Iingxaki zokhuseleko
- Iingxaki zoyilo
- Uyilo olungalunganga
- Iimpazamo ze-algorithmic
- Itekhnoloji engafanelekanga
- Ityala lobuchwephesha
- Inkqubo yophuhliso engalunganga
Inkqubo yokuphononongwa kolwakhiwo olusesikweni
Le yinkqubo esemthethweni esiyilandelayo njengenkampani, kodwa ungayenza ngokwezifiso ngokuxhomekeke kwinkampani kunye neprojekthi yakho.
Isicelo somthengi
Umxhasi ucela ukuvavanya uyilo lweprojekthi yangoku. Umntu onoxanduva kwicala lethu uqokelela ulwazi olusisiseko malunga neprojekthi kwaye ukhethe iingcali eziyimfuneko. Ngokuxhomekeke kwiprojekthi, ezi zinokuba ziingcali ezahlukeneyo.
ISombululo Architect β oyena mntu uphambili onoxanduva lovavanyo nolungelelwaniso (kwaye kaninzi nguye kuphela).
Beka iingcali ezithile β .Net, Java, Python, kunye nezinye iingcali zobugcisa ngokuxhomekeke kwiprojekthi kunye nobuchwepheshe
Iingcali zamafu - ezi zinokuba yi-Azure, i-GCP okanye i-AWS abayili belifu.
Izibonelelo -DevOps, umlawuli weNkqubo, njl.
Ezinye iingcali -njengedatha enkulu, ukufundwa komatshini, injineli yokusebenza, ingcaphephe yokhuseleko, ukukhokela kwe-QA.
Ukuqokelela ulwazi malunga neprojekthi
Kufuneka uqokelele ulwazi oluninzi kangangoko malunga neprojekthi. Ungasebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko:
- Uluhlu lwemibuzo kunye nezinye iindlela zonxibelelwano ngeposi. Eyona ndlela ingasebenziyo.
- Iintlanganiso ezikwi-Intanethi.
- Izixhobo ezikhethekileyo zotshintshiselwano ngolwazi ezifana ne: Google doc, Confluence, repositories, njl.
- Iintlanganiso ezithi βLiveβ kwisiza. Eyona ndlela isebenzayo kwaye ibiza kakhulu.
Kufuneka ufumane ntoni kumxhasi?
Ulwazi olusisiseko. Imalunga nantoni le projekthi? Injongo kunye nexabiso layo. Iinjongo eziphambili kunye nezicwangciso zexesha elizayo. Iinjongo zoshishino kunye nezicwangciso. Iingxaki eziphambili kunye neziphumo ezifunwayo.
Ulwazi lweprojekthi. Isitaki seTekhnoloji, izikhokelo, iilwimi zokuprograma. Kwindawo okanye ukusasazwa kwamafu. Ukuba iprojekthi isefini, zeziphi iinkonzo ezisetyenziswayo. Zeziphi iipateni zokwakha kunye noyilo olusetyenzisiweyo.
Iimfuno ezingasebenziyo. Zonke iimfuno ezinxulumene nokusebenza, ukufumaneka, kunye nokulula kokusetyenziswa kwenkqubo. Iimfuno zokhuseleko, njl.
Iimeko zokusetyenziswa ezisisiseko kunye nokuhamba kwedatha.
Ukufikelela kwikhowudi yomthombo. Eyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo! Ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ufumane ukufikelela kwiindawo zokugcina kunye namaxwebhu endlela yokwakha iprojekthi.
Ukufikelela kwiziseko ezingundoqo. Kuya kuba kuhle ukufikelela kwinqanaba okanye iziseko zokuvelisa ukusebenza kunye nenkqubo ephilayo. Kuyimpumelelo enkulu ukuba umxhasi unezixhobo zokubeka iliso kwiziseko ezingundoqo kunye nokusebenza. Siza kuthetha ngezi zixhobo kwicandelo elilandelayo.
Amaxwebhu. Ukuba umxhasi unamaxwebhu esi sisiqalo esihle. Isenokuba iphelelwe lixesha, kodwa isesisiqalo esihle. Ungaze uwathembe amaxwebhu - yivavanye kunye nomxhasi, kwiziseko ezingundoqo kunye nakwikhowudi yomthombo.
Inkqubo yoVavanyo lweZakhiwo
Umntu unokulusebenzisa njani ulwazi oluninzi ngolo hlobo ngexesha nje elifutshane? Okokuqala, fanisa umsebenzi.
I-DevOps kufuneka ijonge kwiziseko zophuhliso. Ubuchwephesha bukhokelela kwikhowudi. Injineli yokusebenza ukujonga imilinganiselo yokusebenza. Ingcali yedatha kufuneka igrumbe nzulu kwizakhiwo zedatha.
Kodwa le yimeko efanelekileyo xa unezixhobo ezininzi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, umntu omnye ukuya kwabathathu uvavanya iprojekthi. Unokuluqhuba ngokwakho uqikelelo, nto leyo edla ngokuba njalo ukuba unolwazi olufanelekileyo kunye namava kuzo zonke iinkalo zeprojekthi. Kule meko, kufuneka uzenze ngokuzenzekelayo zonke iinkqubo kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
Ngelishwa, kuya kufuneka ufunde amaxwebhu ngesandla. Ngomlinganiselo ochanekileyo wamava, unokuqonda ngokukhawuleza umgangatho wamaxwebhu. Yintoni eyinyani kwaye yintoni ngokucacileyo engahambelani nenyani. Ngamanye amaxesha unokubona i-architecture kumaxwebhu angasoze asebenze kubomi bokwenyani. Esi sisiqalo sokuba ucinge malunga nendlela eyenziwe ngayo ngokwenyani kwiprojekthi.
Izixhobo eziluncedo ukwenza uvavanyo lweprojekthi ngokuzenzekelayo
Uvavanyo lwekhowudi yinto elula. Ungasebenzisa i-static code analyzers eziza kukubonisa uyilo, ukusebenza, kunye nemiba yokhuseleko. Nazi ezimbalwa zazo:
sisixhobo esikhulu somakhi. Iya kukubonisa umfanekiso omkhulu, ukuxhomekeka phakathi kweemodyuli kunye neendawo ezinokubakho zokuphinda zenziwe kwakhona. Njengazo zonke izixhobo ezilungileyo, kubiza imali entle, kodwa unokuthatha ithuba lovavanyo lweentsuku ezingama-30.
- isixhobo esidala esilungileyo. Isixhobo sohlalutyo lwekhowudi emileyo. Ikuvumela ukuba uchonge ikhowudi embi, iibugs, kunye neengxaki zokhuseleko ngaphezulu kweelwimi zeprogram ezingama-20.
Bonke ababoneleli belifu banezixhobo zokubeka iliso zeziseko zophuhliso. Oku kuya kukuvumela ukuba uvavanye ngokufanelekileyo ukusebenza kweziseko zophuhliso zakho ngokweendleko kunye nokusebenza. Kwi-AWS oku . Kulula kwiAzure .
Ukubeka iliso okongeziweyo kokusebenza kunye nokungena kuya kunceda ukufumana imiba yokusebenza kuwo onke amanqanaba. Ukuqala kwisiseko sedatha esinemibuzo engasebenziyo, i-backend kunye nesiphelo kunye ne-frontend. Nokuba umxhasi akazifakanga ezi zixhobo ngaphambili, ungazidibanisa kwinkqubo esele ikhona ngokukhawuleza ukuchonga imiba yokusebenza.
Njengesiqhelo, izixhobo ezilungileyo zifanelekile. Ndingacebisa izixhobo ezimbalwa ezihlawulelwayo. Ewe unokusebenzisa umthombo ovulekileyo kodwa kuya kukuthatha ixesha elingakumbi. Kwaye oku kufuneka kwenziwe kwasekuqaleni, hayi ngexesha lenkqubo yovavanyo lwezakhiwo.
β isixhobo sokuvavanya ukusebenza kwesicelo
-inkonzo yokubeka iliso kwinkqubo yelifu
Kukho izixhobo ezininzi ezikhoyo zokuvavanya ukhuseleko. Ngeli xesha ndiza kukucebisa isixhobo sasimahla sokuskena.
β isixhobo sokuskena izicelo zewebhu zokuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yokhuseleko.
Masidibanise yonke into ibe yinto enye.
Ukulungiselela ingxelo
Qala ingxelo yakho ngedatha oyiqokelele kumxhasi. Chaza iinjongo zeprojekthi, imiqobo, iimfuno ezingasebenziyo. Emva koko, yonke idatha yokufaka kufuneka ikhankanywe: ikhowudi yomthombo, amaxwebhu, iziseko.
Inyathelo elilandelayo. Dwelisa nayiphi na imiba oyifumene ngesandla okanye usebenzisa izixhobo ezizenzekelayo. Beka iingxelo ezinkulu ezenziwe ngokuzenzekelayo ekugqibeleni kwicandelo lezicelo. Kufuneka kubekho ubungqina obufutshane nobufutshane beengxaki ezifunyenweyo.
Beka phambili iingxaki ezifunyenwe kwimpazamo, isilumkiso, isikali solwazi. Unokukhetha isikali sakho, kodwa esi sesona samkelwe ngokubanzi.
Njengomyili wokwenene, luxanduva lwakho ukubonelela ngeengcebiso ukulungisa iingxaki ezifunyenweyo. Chaza uphuculo kunye nexabiso leshishini eliza kufunyanwa ngumthengi. Indlela yokubonisa ixabiso leshishini ukusuka sixoxe ngaphambili.
Lungiselela imephu yendlela kunye nokuphindaphinda okuncinci. Uphindaphindo ngalunye kufuneka luqulathe ixesha lokugqiba, inkcazo, isixa sezibonelelo ezifunekayo kuphuculo, ixabiso lobugcisa kunye nexabiso leshishini.
Sigqibezela uvavanyo lwezakhiwo kwaye sinikeze umxhasi ingxelo
Ungaze nje uthumele ingxelo. Isenokungafundwa kwaphela, okanye ingafundwa kwaye iqondwe ngaphandle kwengcaciso eyiyo. Ngamafutshane, unxibelelwano oluphilayo lunceda ekupheliseni ukungaqondani phakathi kwabantu. Kuya kufuneka ucwangcise intlanganiso kunye nomxhasi kwaye uthethe ngeengxaki ezifunyenweyo, ugxile kwezona zibalulekileyo. Kufanelekile ukutsalela ingqalelo yomthengi kwiingxaki anokuthi angazazi nokuzazi. Okufana nemiba yokhuseleko kwaye uchaze ukuba inokuchaphazela njani ishishini. Bonisa imephu yendlela yakho ngophuculo kwaye uxoxe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ezifanelekileyo kumxhasi. Oku kunokuba lixesha, izixhobo, ubungakanani bomsebenzi.
Njengesishwankathelo sentlanganiso yakho, thumela ingxelo yakho kumxhasi.
Ekugqibeleni
Uvavanyo lwezakhiwo yinkqubo entsonkothileyo. Ukwenza uvavanyo ngokufanelekileyo kufuneka ube namava kunye nolwazi olwaneleyo.
Kuyenzeka ukubonelela umxhasi ngeziphumo eziluncedo kuye nakwishishini lakhe kwiveki nje. Nokuba uyenza wedwa.
Ngokusekwe kumava am, uphuculo oluninzi lwakhutshelwa phakathi, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha aluzange luqale. Abo bazikhethela intsingiselo yegolide kwaye benza inxalenye kuphela yophuculo oluye lwaba luncedo kakhulu kwishishini kunye neendleko ezincinci zabasebenzi baphucula kakhulu umgangatho wemveliso yabo. Abo bangenzanga nto babenokuyivala ngokupheleleyo loo msebenzi emva kweminyaka embalwa.
Injongo yakho kukubonisa ukuphuculwa okuphezulu komthengi ngexabiso elincinci.
Amanye amanqaku avela kwicandelo unokufunda ngexesha lakho lokuphumla.
Ndikunqwenelela ikhowudi ecocekileyo kunye nezigqibo ezilungileyo zokwakha.
Iqela lethu lika facebook - .
umthombo: www.habr.com