Ukuthintela njani ukufikelela kumaphepha asasaza umsebenzi owalelweyo womxholo (ngoku i-RKN ijonga iinjini zokukhangela ngokunjalo)

Ngaphambi kokuqhubela phambili kwinkcazo yenkqubo ejongene nokucoca ukufikelela ngabaqhubi be-telecom, siyaqaphela ukuba ngoku iRoskomnadzor iya kulawula ukusebenza kweenjini zokukhangela.

Ekuqaleni konyaka, inkqubo yokulawula kunye noluhlu lwamanyathelo avunyiweyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba abaqhubi beenjini zokukhangela bathobela iimfuno zokuyeka ukukhupha ulwazi malunga nemithombo ye-Intanethi, ukufikelela kuyo kulinganiselwe kwintsimi yeRussian Federation.

Umyalelo ohambelanayo I-Roskomnadzor yomhla we-7 kaNovemba 2017 No. 229 ibhaliswe kwiSebe lezoBulungisa baseRashiya.

Umyalelo wamkelwa njengenxalenye yokuphunyezwa kwemimiselo ye-Article 15.8 yoMthetho we-Federal kaJulayi 27.07.2006, 149 No. uxanduva lwabanikazi beenkonzo ze-VPN, "abangaziwa" kunye nabaqhubi beenjini zokukhangela ukunciphisa ukufikelela kulwazi, ukusasazwa kwayo akuvumelekanga eRashiya.

Imisebenzi yokulawula iqhutyelwa kwindawo yolawulo ngaphandle kokusebenzisana nabaqhubi beenjini zokukhangela.

Inkqubo yolwazi iqondwa njenge-FSIS yemithombo yolwazi yolwazi kunye nothungelwano lonxibelelwano, ukufikelela apho kulinganiselwe.

Ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zesiganeko, ingxelo yenziwe, ebonisa, ngokukodwa, ulwazi malunga nesofthiwe esetyenziselwa ukuseka ezi zibakala, kunye nolwazi oluqinisekisa ukuba iphepha elithile (amaphepha) lesayithi ngexesha lokulawula. ibikwinkqubo yolwazi ngaphezulu kosuku.

Isenzo sithunyelwa kumsebenzisi we-injini yokukhangela ngenkqubo yolwazi. Kwimeko yokungavumelani nesenzo, umqhubi unelungelo lokungenisa izichaso zakhe kwi-Roskomnadzor kwiintsuku ezintathu zokusebenza, eziqwalasela izichaso nazo kwiintsuku ezintathu zokusebenza. Ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zokuqwalaselwa kwezichaso zomqhubi, intloko yequmrhu lolawulo okanye isekela lakhe lithatha isigqibo sokuqalisa ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho lolawulo.

Indlela yokucoca inkqubo yokufikelela kubasebenzisi be-telecom eyakhiwe ngoku

E-Russia kukho inani lemithetho ebophelela abaqhubi be-telecom ukuba bahluze ukufikelela kumaphepha ahambisa umxholo owalelweyo:

• Umthetho we-Federal 126 "kuNxibelelwano", ukulungiswa kwe-Art. I-46 - kwimbopheleleko yomqhubi wokukhawulela ukufikelela kulwazi (FSEM).
• "IRejista eManyeneyo" - Ummiselo kaRhulumente waseRussia Federation ngomhla we-26 ka-Okthobha, 2012 N 1101 "Kwinkqubo yolwazi oluzenzekelayo "Irejista edibeneyo yamagama esizinda, izalathisi zamaphepha esayithi kulwazi kunye nenethiwekhi yonxibelelwano "I-Intanethi" kunye needilesi zenethiwekhi. evumela ukuchonga iisayithi kulwazi kunye nothungelwano lonxibelelwano kwinethiwekhi ye-Intanethi equlethe ulwazi olungavumelekanga kwi-Russian Federation"
• Umthetho we-Federal 436 "KuKhuseleko lwaBantwana ...", ukuhlelwa kolwazi olukhoyo.
• Umthetho we-Federal No. 3 "KumaPolisa", iSiqendu 13, umhlathi 12 - ekupheliseni izizathu kunye neemeko ezifaka isandla ekuphunyezweni kwezisongelo kukhuseleko lwabemi kunye nokhuseleko loluntu.
• Umthetho we-Federal No. 187 "Kwizilungiso kwizenzo ezithile zomthetho weRussian Federation malunga nokukhuselwa kwamalungelo engqondo kwingcaciso kunye nothungelwano lwezonxibelelwano" ("umthetho wokulwa nobugebengu").
• Ukuthotyelwa kwezigqibo zenkundla kunye nemiyalelo yabatshutshisi.
• Umthetho we-Federal we-28.07.2012 kaJulayi, 139 N XNUMX-FZ "Kwizilungiso kuMthetho we-Federal "Ekukhuselweni kwabantwana kwiiNkcukacha ezinobungozi kwiMpilo yabo kunye noPhuhliso" kunye nemithetho ethile ye-Russian Federation.
• Umthetho we-Federal we-27 kaJulayi 2006 No. 149-FZ "Kwingcaciso, iteknoloji yolwazi kunye nokukhuselwa kolwazi."

Izicelo ezivela kwiRoskomnadzor zokuthintela ziqulethe uluhlu oluhlaziyiweyo lweemfuno zomboneleli, ingeniso nganye evela kwisicelo esinjalo iqulethe:

• uhlobo lwerejista ngokuhambelana nothintelo olwenziweyo;
• indawo ngexesha apho imfuno yokuthintela ukufikelela ivela;
• uhlobo lwempendulo yongxamiseko (ukukhawuleza ngokuqhelekileyo - kwiiyure ze-XNUMX, ukukhawuleza okuphezulu - ukusabela ngokukhawuleza);
• uhlobo lobhaliso lokungena luvalela (nge-URL okanye ngegama lesizinda);
• ikhowudi ye-hash yokungeniswa kwerejista (itshintsha nanini na imixholo yokungena itshintsha);
• iinkcukacha zesigqibo malunga nesidingo sokuthintela ukufikelela;
• izalathisi esinye okanye ngaphezulu samaphepha esayithi, ukufikelela ekumele ukuba kuthintelwe (ukhetho);
• igama lesizinda elinye okanye ngaphezulu (uyazikhethela);
• idilesi yenethiwekhi enye okanye ngaphezulu (ukhetho);
• enye okanye ngaphezulu IP subnets (uyazikhethela).

Ukunxibelelana ngokufanelekileyo ngolwazi nabaqhubi, "inkqubo yolwazi yokusebenzisana phakathi kweRoskomnadzor kunye nabaqhubi be-telecom" yenziwa. Ibekwe kunye nemimiselo, imiyalelo kunye nezikhumbuzo zabaqhubi kwi-portal ekhethekileyo:

vigruzki.rkn.gov.ru

Ngenxalenye yayo, ukuze kuhlolwe abaqhubi be-telecom, i-Roskomnadzor yaqala ukukhupha umxhasi kwi-AS "Revizor". Apha ngezantsi kuncinci malunga nokusebenza kwearhente.

I-algorithm yokukhangela ukufumaneka kwe-URL nganye yi-Agent. Xa kuhlolwa, i-Arhente kufuneka:

• misela iidilesi ze-IP apho igama lomsebenzi wothungelwano lwesiza lijongwayo (isizinda) liguqulwa okanye lisebenzise i-IP iidilesi ezinikezelweyo kwi-upload;
• Kwidilesi nganye ye-IP efunyenwe kwiiseva ze-DNS, yenza isicelo se-HTTP sokuba i-URL ijongiwe. Ukuba ukuhanjiswa kwe-HTTP kufunyenwe kwisiza esiskenwayo, i-Agent kufuneka ijonge i-URL apho ukuhanjiswa kwakhona kwenziwa. Ubuncinci i-5 elandelelanayo yokuqondisa kwakhona i-HTTP iyaxhaswa;
• ukuba akunakwenzeka ukwenza isicelo se-HTTP (uxhulumaniso lwe-TCP alusungulwa), i-Agent kufuneka igqibe ukuba idilesi yonke ye-IP ivaliwe;
• kwimeko yesicelo esiphumeleleyo se-HTTP, i-Agent kufuneka ihlolisise impendulo efunyenweyo kwisayithi ehlolwe yikhowudi yempendulo ye-HTTP, izihloko ze-HTTP, kunye nomxholo we-HTTP (idatha yokuqala efunyenweyo ukuya kwi-10 kb ngobukhulu). Ukuba impendulo efunyenweyo ihambelana neetemplates zephepha le-stub ezenziwe kwiziko lolawulo kufuneka kugqitywe ekubeni i-URL ejongwayo ivaliwe;
• xa ujonga i-URL, i-Arhente kufuneka ijonge ukufakwa koqhagamshelwano oluntsonkothileyo kwaye imakishe uvimba;
• Ukuba idatha efunyenwe yi-Agent ayihambelani neetemplates zamaphepha e-stub okanye amaphepha athembekileyo okuqondisa kwakhona azisa malunga nokuthintela ubutyebi, i-Agent kufuneka igqibe ukuba i-URL ayivaliwe kwi-SPD yomqhubi we-telecom. Kule meko, ulwazi malunga nedatha (impendulo ye-HTTP) efunyenwe yi-Agent irekhodwa kwingxelo (ifayile yelog yophicotho). Umlawuli wenkqubo unamandla okwenza itemplate yephepha elitsha le-stub ukusuka kule rekhodi ukukhusela izigqibo zobuxoki ezilandelayo malunga nokungabikho kwebhloko.

Uluhlu lwezinto ekufuneka i-Arhente ibonelele ngazo

• ukunxibelelana neziko lolawulo ukufumana uluhlu olupheleleyo lwee-URL kunye neendlela zokubhloka ezifuna ukuvavanywa;
• unxibelelwano kunye neziko lolawulo ukufumana idatha kwiindlela zokuvavanya. Iindlela ezixhaswayo: ukukhangela okupheleleyo kwexesha elilodwa, i-periodic epheleleyo kunye nekhefu elichaziweyo, ixesha elikhethiweyo elikhethiweyo kunye noluhlu olucacisiwe lomsebenzisi lwe-URL, i-periodic check kunye nekhefu elichaziweyo loluhlu lwee-URL (zohlobo oluthile lwerekhodi ye-EP);
• ukuqhubela phambili kokuphunyezwa kweenkqubo zokuqinisekisa ezikhankanyiweyo usebenzisa uluhlu olukhoyo lwe-URL, ukuba akunakwenzeka ukufumana uluhlu lwee-URL ukusuka kwiziko lolawulo, kunye nokugcinwa kweziphumo zovavanyo ezifunyenweyo ngokudluliselwa okulandelayo kwiziko lolawulo;
• ukuphunyezwa ngokupheleleyo kweenkqubo zokuqinisekisa ezichaziweyo kusetyenziswa izintlu ze-URL ezikhoyo, ukuba akunakwenzeka ukufumana ulwazi malunga neendlela zokuqinisekisa ukusuka kwiziko lolawulo, kunye nokugcinwa kweziphumo zovavanyo ezifunyenweyo kunye nokudluliselwa okulandelayo kwiziko lolawulo;
• ukujonga iziphumo zokuthintela ngokuhambelana nemo emiselweyo;
• ukuthumela ingxelo malunga nokuhlolwa okwenziwa kwiziko lolawulo (ifayile yelog yokuhlola);
• ukukwazi ukujonga ukusebenza kweSPD yomqhubi we-telecom, oko kukuthi. ukujonga ukufumaneka koluhlu lweendawo ezaziwayo ezifikelelekayo;
• ukukwazi ukujonga iziphumo ezibhlokayo usebenzisa iseva engummeli;
• ukubakho kohlaziyo lwesoftware ekude;
• ukukwazi ukwenza iinkqubo zokuxilonga kwi-SPD (ixesha lokuphendula, indlela yepakethe, isantya sokukhuphela iifayile kwisixhobo sangaphandle, ukuzimisela kweedilesi ze-IP zamagama esizinda, isantya sokufumana ulwazi kwijelo lonxibelelwano olujikelezayo kwiinethiwekhi zokufikelela ngeentambo, ipakethe. izinga lelahleko, iipakethi zexesha lokulibaziseka kokudluliselwa kokudluliselwa);
• ukuskena ukusebenza kwee-URL ze-10 ubuncinane ngesekhondi, ngaphandle kokuba kukho i-bandwidth yeshaneli yonxibelelwano eyaneleyo;
• ikhono le-arhente yokufikelela kwi-resource amaxesha amaninzi (ukuya kumaxesha angama-20), kunye ne-frequency variable frequency ukusuka kwi-1 ixesha ngesibini ukuya kwi-1 ixesha ngomzuzu;
• ukukwazi ukwenza i-odolo yoluhlu lwamangeno adluliselwe kuvavanyo kunye nokubeka kuqala kwiphepha elithile lesayithi kwi-Intanethi.

Ngokubanzi, ulwakhiwo lukhangeleka ngolu hlobo:

Izisombululo zeSoftware kunye ne-hardware-software yokucoca itrafikhi ye-Intanethi (izisombululo ze-DPI) zivumela abaqhubi ukuba bathintele i-traffic ukusuka kubasebenzisi ukuya kwiziza ukusuka kuluhlu lwe-RKN. Nokuba zivaliwe okanye azivaliwe zijongiwe nguMphicothi-zincwadi we-AS umxhasi. Ujonga ngokuzenzekelayo ubukho besiza usebenzisa uluhlu oluvela kwi-RKN.

Isampulu yokuhlolwa kweprothokholi ekhoyo ikhonkco.

Kunyaka ophelileyo, i-Roskomnadzor yaqala ukuvavanya izisombululo zokuthintela ukuba umqhubi angasebenzisa ukuphumeza esi sikimu ngumqhubi. Makhe ndicaphule kwiziphumo zovavanyo olunjalo:

"Izisombululo zesoftware ezikhethekileyo" UBIC "," EcoFilter "," SKAT DPI", "Tiksen-Blokirovka", "SkyDNS Zapret ISP" kunye ne "Carbon Reductor DPI" ifumene izigqibo ezilungileyo kwiRoskomnadzor.

Isiphetho esivela kwiRoskomnadzor sikwafunyanwe siqinisekisa ukuba nokwenzeka kwabaqhubi be-telecom abasebenzisa isoftware yeZapretService njengendlela yokuthintela ukufikelela kwizixhobo ezithintelweyo kwi-Intanethi. Iziphumo zovavanyo zibonise ukuba xa zifakwe ngokwenkqubo yoxhulumaniso olucetyisiweyo lomenzi "kwi-gap" kwaye ulungelelanise ngokuchanekileyo inethiwekhi yomqhubi we-telecom, inani lokuphulwa okufunyenweyo ngokweRejista edibeneyo yoLwazi oluThintelweyo ayidluli i-0,02%.

Ngaloo ndlela, abaqhubi be-telecom banikezwa ithuba lokukhetha esona sisombululo sifanelekileyo sokunciphisa ukufikelela kwizibonelelo ezinqatshelwe, kubandakanywa noluhlu lweemveliso zesofthiwe ezifumene uluvo oluhle kwiRoskomnadzor.

Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha lokuvavanywa kwemveliso yesoftware ye-IdecoSelecta ISP, ngenxa yenkqubo ende yokuthunyelwa kunye nokucwangciswa kwayo, abanye abaqhubi abakwazanga ukuqalisa uvavanyo ngexesha. Ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha sabaqhubi be-telecom abathatha inxaxheba ekuvavanyeni, ixesha lokuvavanya ukusebenza kwe-Ideco Selecta ISP alidlulanga iveki. Ukuqwalasela umthamo omncinci weenkcukacha-manani ezifunyenweyo kunye nenani elincinci labathathi-nxaxheba bokuvavanya, i-Roskomnadzor kwisigqibo sayo esisemthethweni ibonise ukuba akunakwenzeka ukufumana izigqibo ezicacileyo malunga nokusebenza kwemveliso ye-Ideco Selecta ye-ISP njengendlela yokunciphisa ukufikelela kwimithombo engavumelekanga kwi-Intanethi. ”

Mandongeze ukuba ukuya kuthi ga kwi-27 abaqhubi be-telecom abanamanani ahlukeneyo ababhalisi abavela kwizithili ezahlukeneyo ze-Russian Federation bathathe inxaxheba ekuvavanyeni imveliso nganye yesoftware.

Izigqibo ezisemthethweni ezisekelwe kwiziphumo zovavanyo zinokufunyanwa apha. Ezi zigqibo ziqulathe phantse zero iinkcukacha zobuchwephesha. Unokufunda malunga nemveliso "Ideco Selecta ISP" ukwazi into ongamele uyenze.

Kulo nyaka uvavanyo luya kuqhubeka kwaye okwangoku, ngokugweba ngeendaba ezivela eRoskomnadzor, enye imveliso sele ithathwe kwaye i-2 ngaphezulu ikude.

Kuthekani ukuba uthintelo lwenzeke ngempazamo?

Ekugqibeleni, ndingathanda ukukukhumbuza ukuba i-Roskomnadzor "ayenzi iimpazamo," eqinisekiswa yiNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko.

Isigqibo, esikhulula ngokufanelekileyo i-Roskomnadzor yoxanduva lokuthintela iisayithi ngempazamo, samkelwa njengenxalenye yokuqwalaselwa kwesikhalazo kwiNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko ngumlawuli we-Intanethi yoMbutho wabapapashi, uVladimir Kharitonov. Yathi ngoDisemba ka-2012, uRoskomnadzor wavala ngempazamo ithala lakhe leencwadi kwi-Intanethi digital-books.ru. Njengoko uMnu. Kharitonov wachaza, ubutyebi bakhe bubekwe kwidilesi ye-IP efanayo njenge-portal rastamantales (.)ru (ngoku i-rastamantales (.) com), eyona nto yayiyi-original yokuvimbela. U-Vladimir Kharitonov wazama ukubhena isigqibo sikaRoskomnadzor enkundleni, kodwa ngoJuni 2013 iNkundla yeSithili saseTagansky yaqaphela ukuvinjelwa njengomthetho, kwaye ngoSeptemba 2013 esi sigqibo saxhaswa yiNkundla yeSixeko saseMoscow.

Ukusuka apho:

URoskomnadzor uxelele uKommersant ukuba bonelisekile sisigqibo seNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko. “Inkundla yoMgaqo-siseko yaqinisekisa ukuba iRoskomnadzor iyawuphumeza umthetho. Ukuba umqhubi akanaso isakhono sobugcisa sokunqanda ukufikelela kwiphepha elahlukileyo lesiza, kwaye hayi kwidilesi yenethiwekhi, ke olu luxanduva lomsebenzi, "unobhala wesebe leendaba uxelele uKommersant.

Lo mbandela ufanelekile kubaboneleli befu kunye neenkampani zokubamba, njengoko iziganeko ezifanayo zenzeke kubo. NgoJuni 2016, inkonzo yefu ye-Amazon S3 ivaliwe eRashiya, nangona kuphela iphepha legumbi le-poker le-888poker elibekwe kwiqonga layo lifakwe kwirejista ngesicelo seNkonzo yeRhafu ye-Federal. Ukuvinjwa kwemithombo yonke kwakubangelwa ngokuchanekileyo kwinto yokuba i-Amazon S3 isebenzisa i-https ekhuselekileyo ye-protocol, engavumeli ukuvala amaphepha ngamanye. Kuphela emva kokuba i-Amazon ngokwayo icime iphepha apho abasemagunyeni baseRashiya babenezikhalazo ngumthombo osusiweyo kwirejista.

umthombo: www.habr.com