Esi sisiqalo sekhosi enkulu malunga nomsebenzi weeseva zeposi. Injongo yam ayikokufundisa umntu ngokukhawuleza ukusebenza ngeeseva zeposi. Kuya kubakho ulwazi oluninzi olongezelelweyo apha malunga nemibuzo esiya kudibana nayo endleleni, kuba ndizama ukwenza ikhosi ikakhulu kwabo bathatha amanyathelo abo okuqala.
I ngcacisoKwenzeka nje ukuba ndisebenze okwethutyana njengotitshala wolawulo weLinux. Kwaye njengomsebenzi wesikolo owenzelwa ekhaya, ndinika abafundi amakhonkco alishumi elinesibini kwizixhobo ezahlukeneyo, kuba kwezinye iindawo akukho nto yaneleyo, kwezinye inzima kakhulu. Kwaye kwizibonelelo ezahlukeneyo, izinto eziphathekayo zihlala ziphindwe kabini, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ziqala ukuhlukana. Kwakhona, uninzi lomxholo ungesiNgesi, kwaye kukho abanye abafundi abanobunzima bokuqonda. Kukho izifundo ezigqwesileyo ezivela kuSemaev noLebedev, kwaye mhlawumbi nakwabanye, kodwa, ngokoluvo lwam, ezinye izihloko azigqunywanga ngokwaneleyo, ezinye azidityaniswanga ngokwaneleyo nabanye.
Ngoko ke, ngenye imini ndagqiba ekubeni ndithathe amanqaku kwizinto eziphathekayo kwaye ndinike abafundi ngendlela efanelekileyo. Kodwa ekubeni kukho into endiyenzayo, kutheni ndingabelani ngayo nomntu wonke? Ekuqaleni ndazama ukuyenza ngetekisi kwaye ndiyihlambulule ngeekhonkco, kodwa kukho izigidi zezixhobo ezinjalo, yintoni inqaku? Kwindawo ethile kwakukho ukunqongophala kokucaca kunye neenkcazo, kwindawo ethile abafundi bavila kakhulu ukufunda isicatshulwa sonke (kwaye kungekhona kuphela) kwaye kukho izikhewu kulwazi lwabo.
Kodwa akukho malunga nabafundi kuphela. Kuwo wonke umsebenzi wam ndisebenze kubadibanisi be-IT, kwaye la ngamava amakhulu ekusebenzeni ngeenkqubo ezahlukeneyo. Ngenxa yoko, ndaba yinjineli eqhelekileyo. Ndihlala ndidibana neengcali ze-IT kwiinkampani ezahlukeneyo kwaye rhoqo ndibona izikhewu kulwazi lwabo. Kwintsimi ye-IT, abaninzi bazifundisayo, kuquka nam. Kwaye ndonele kwezi zithuba, kwaye ndingathanda ukunceda abanye kunye nam ukuba sikhuphe ezi zithuba.
Ke mna, iividiyo ezimfutshane ezinolwazi zinomdla ngakumbi kwaye zilula ukugaya, ngoko ndagqiba ekubeni ndizame le fomati. Kwaye ndiyazi kakuhle ukuba ulwimi lwam alunqunywanga, kunzima ukundimamela, kodwa ndizama ukuba ngcono. Le yinto entsha yokuzonwabisa kum endifuna ukuyiphuhlisa. Ndandikade ndinombhobho ombi kakhulu, ngoku ndisombulula iingxaki ngesandi nentetho. Ndifuna ukwenza umxholo osemgangathweni kwaye ndifuna ngokwenene ukugxekwa kunye neengcebiso.
I-PS Abanye bavakalelwa kukuba ifomathi yevidiyo ayifanelekanga ngokupheleleyo kwaye kuya kuba ngcono ukuyenza ngokubhaliweyo. Andivumi ngokupheleleyo, kodwa makubekho ukhetho - zombini ividiyo kunye nombhalo.
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Ukuze ukwazi ukusebenza nge-imeyile, udinga umxhasi we-imeyile. Oku kunokuba ngumxhasi wewebhu, umzekelo gmail, owa, roundcube, okanye isicelo kwikhompyuter - i-outlook, thunderbird, njl. Masicinge ukuba sele ubhalisile kunye nenkonzo ye-imeyile kwaye kufuneka usete umxhasi we-imeyile. Uvula inkqubo kwaye ikucela idatha: igama le-akhawunti, idilesi ye-imeyile kunye negama lokugqitha.
Emva kokuba ufake olu lwazi, umxhasi wakho we-imeyile uya kuzama ukufumana ulwazi malunga neseva yakho ye-imeyile. Oku kwenziwa ukwenza lula ukuseta uqhagamshelo kumncedisi, kuba uninzi lwabasebenzisi abazazi iidilesi kunye neeprothokholi zonxibelelwano. Ukwenza oku, abathengi be-imeyile basebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokukhangela ulwazi malunga nomncedisi kunye nezicwangciso zoqhagamshelwano. Ezi ndlela zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kumxhasi wakho we-imeyile.
Umzekelo, i-Outlook isebenzisa indlela “yokufumanisa ngokuzenzekela”, umxhasi unxibelelana neseva ye-DNS kwaye acele irekhodi elithile elizibhaqe ngokuzenzekela elinxulunyaniswa nedomeyini yemeyile oyichazileyo kwisethingi yomxhasi weposi yakho. Ukuba umlawuli uqwalasele olungeno kumncedisi we DNS, lukhomba kumncedisi we web.
Emva kokuba umxhasi wemeyile efunde idilesi yeseva yewebhu, iyaqhagamshelana nayo kwaye ifumana ifayile esele ilungiselelwe enesetingi zokuqhagamshela kwiseva yemeyile ngefomathi yeXML.
Kwimeko yeThunderbird, umxhasi weposi udlula kwi-autodiscover irekhodi yokukhangela i-DNS kwaye ngoko nangoko izama ukuqhagamshela kwi-autoconfig umncedisi wewebhu. kunye negama lommandla ochaziweyo. Kwaye izama ukufumana ifayile eneseto zoqhagamshelo kwifomathi ye-XML kwiseva yewebhu.
Ukuba umxhasi weposi akayifumani ifayile enezicwangciso eziyimfuneko, iyakuzama ukuqikelela izicwangciso phakathi kwezona zisetyenziswa rhoqo. Umzekelo, ukuba i-domain ibizwa ngokuba yi-example.com, ngoko iseva yemeyile iya kukhangela ukuba kukho iiseva ezinegama elithi imap.example.com kunye ne-smtp.example.com. Ukuba iyayifumana, iya kuyibhalisa kwiisethingi. Ukuba umxhasi weposi akakwazi ukumisela idilesi yeseva yemeyile nangayiphi na indlela, iya kukhuthaza umsebenzisi ukuba angenise idatha yoqhagamshelwano ngokwakhe.
Emva koko uya kuqaphela iindawo ezi-2 zeeseva - idilesi yeposi engenayo kunye nedilesi yeseva yemeyile ephumayo. Njengomthetho, kwimibutho emincinci ezi dilesi ziyafana, nokuba zichazwe ngamagama ahlukeneyo e-DNS, kodwa kwiinkampani ezinkulu ezi zinokuba ngamaseva ahlukeneyo. Kodwa akunamsebenzi nokuba ezi ziseva ezifanayo okanye hayi- iinkonzo ezisemva kwazo zahlukile. Enye yeenyanda ezidumileyo zeenkonzo zeposi yiPostfix & Dovecot. Apho i-Postfix isebenza njengomncedisi weposi ophumayo (i-MTA - i-arhente yokudlulisa i-imeyile), kunye ne-Dovecot njengomncedisi weposi ongenayo (i-MDA - i-arhente yokuthunyelwa kweposi). Ukusuka kwigama unokuthelekelela ukuba iPostfix isetyenziselwa ukuthumela imeyile, kwaye iDovecot isetyenziselwa ukufumana iimeyile ngumxhasi weposi. Abancedisi beposi ngokwabo banxibelelana omnye nomnye besebenzisa iprotocol yeSMTP - o.k. I-Dovecot (MDA) iyafuneka kubasebenzisi.
Masithi siqwalasele umdibaniso kwiseva yethu yemeyile. Masizame ukuthumela umyalezo. Kumyalezo sibonisa idilesi yethu kunye nedilesi yommkeli. Ngoku, ukuhambisa umyalezo, umxhasi wakho we-imeyile uya kuthumela imiyalezo kwiseva yakho yemeyile ephumayo.
Xa umncedisi wakho efumana umyalezo, uya kuzama ukufumana ukuba ngubani oza kuthumela umyalezo. Umncedisi wakho akanakuzazi iidilesi zabo bonke abancedisi beposi ngentloko, ngoko ijonge kwi-DNS ukufumana irekhodi ekhethekileyo ye-MX- ekhomba kumncedisi weposi wesizinda esinikiweyo. La mangeno anokwahluka kwisubdomains ezahlukeneyo.
Emva kokuba ifumene idilesi yomncedisi wommkeli, ithumela umyalezo wakho nge-SMTP kule dilesi, apho umncedisi weposi wommkeli (MTA) uya kwamkela umyalezo kwaye uwubeke kulawulo olukhethekileyo, olujongwa kwakhona yinkonzo enoxanduva. ukufumana imiyalezo kubathengi (MDA).
Ngexesha elizayo umxhasi weposi ecela umncedisi weposi engenayo imiyalezo emitsha, i-MDA iyakuthumela umyalezo wakho kubo.
Kodwa ekubeni iiseva zeposi zisebenza kwi-Intanethi kwaye nabani na unokuqhagamshela kubo kwaye athumele imiyalezo, kwaye iiseva zeposi zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ziinkampani ezahlukeneyo ukutshintshiselana ngedatha ebalulekileyo, oku kukutya okunencasa kubahlaseli, ngakumbi abathumela i-spammers. Ngoko ke, iiseva zeposi zanamhlanje zinemilinganiselo emininzi eyongezelelweyo yokuqinisekisa umthumeli, ukujonga ugaxekile, njl. Kwaye ndiza kuzama ukugubungela ezininzi zezi zihloko kwezi ndawo zilandelayo.
umthombo: www.habr.com