Umthendeleko we-IT uya kubanjelwa eSt. Petersburg kule veki . Esinye sezithethi iya kuba nguRichard Stallman. kwakhona inxaxheba kumthendeleko, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo asikwazanga ngoyaba isihloko free software. Yiyo loo nto kuthiwa enye yeengxelo zethu . Iya kunikezelwa kwimbali yophuhliso lwe-Embox njengeprojekthi yomthombo ovulekileyo. Kweli nqaku ndifuna ukuthetha ngeengcamango eziphambili ezithi, ngokombono wam, ziphembelele uphuhliso lweeprojekthi ezivulekileyo. Eli nqaku, njengengxelo, lisekelwe kumava obuqu.
Masiqale ngento elula, kunye nenkcazo yegama elithi opensource. Ngokucacileyo, iprojekthi yomthombo ovulekileyo yiprojekthi enye yeelayisensi ezivumela ukufikelela kwikhowudi yomthombo weprojekthi. Ukongeza, iprojekthi evulekileyo ithetha ukuba abaphuhlisi beqela lesithathu banokwenza utshintsho. Oko kukuthi, ukuba inkampani ethile okanye umphuhlisi upapasha ikhowudi yemveliso yakhe, ngokuyinxenye okanye ngokupheleleyo, oku akwenzi le mveliso ibe yiprojekthi yomthombo ovulekileyo. Kwaye ekugqibeleni, nawuphi na umsebenzi weprojekthi kufuneka ukhokele kuhlobo oluthile lwesiphumo, kwaye ukuvuleka kweprojekthi kuthetha ukuba esi siphumo asisetyenziswanga kuphela ngabaphuhlisi ngokwabo.
Asiyi kuchukumisa iingxaki zeelayisensi ezivulekileyo. Esi sikhulu kakhulu kwaye sinzima isihloko esifuna uphando olunzulu. Amanqaku amaninzi alungileyo kunye nezixhobo zibhaliwe kwesi sihloko. Kodwa ekubeni mna ngokwam ndingeyongcali kwintsimi ye-copyright, ndiya kuthetha kuphela ukuba ilayisenisi kufuneka ihlangabezane neenjongo zeprojekthi. Umzekelo, kwi-Emboks ukhetho lwe-BSD kunelayisenisi ye-GPL ayizange izenzekele.
Inyaniso yokuba iprojekthi yomthombo ovulekileyo kufuneka inike amandla okwenza utshintsho kunye nefuthe kuphuhliso lweprojekthi yomthombo ovulekileyo ithetha ukuba iprojekthi isasazwa. Ukuyilawula, ukugcina imfezeko kunye nokusebenza kunzima kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa neprojekthi enolawulo oluphakathi. Umbuzo onengqiqo uyavela: kutheni iiprojekthi zivula konke konke? Impendulo ilele kwindawo yokwenza urhwebo; kudidi oluthile lweeprojekthi, izibonelelo zale ndlela zingaphezulu kweendleko. Oko kukuthi, ayifanelekanga kuzo zonke iiprojekthi kwaye indlela evulekileyo iyamkeleka ngokubanzi. Ngokomzekelo, kunzima ukucinga ngokuphuhlisa inkqubo yokulawula isityalo samandla okanye inqwelomoya esekelwe kumgaqo ovulekileyo. Hayi, ngokuqinisekileyo, iinkqubo ezinjalo kufuneka zibandakanye iimodyuli ezisekelwe kwiiprojekthi ezivulekileyo, kuba oku kuya kubonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi. Kodwa umntu kufuneka abe noxanduva lwemveliso yokugqibela. Nokuba inkqubo isekelwe ngokupheleleyo kwikhowudi yeeprojekthi ezivulekileyo, umphuhlisi, epakishe yonke into kwisistim enye kwaye wenza ulwakhiwo oluthile kunye nezicwangciso, ngokuyinene uyayivala. Ikhowudi ingafumaneka esidlangalaleni.
Kukwakho nezibonelelo ezininzi kwezi nkqubo ekudaleni okanye ekufakeni igalelo kwiiprojekthi zomthombo ovulekileyo. Njengoko besenditshilo, ikhowudi yenkqubo yokuphela ingahlala ifumaneka esidlangalaleni. Kutheni, kuba kucacile ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuba nabani na abe nenqwelomoya efanayo yokuvavanya inkqubo. Oku kuyinyani, kodwa kusenokubakho umntu ofuna ukujonga amacandelo athile ekhowudi, okanye, umzekelo, umntu othile unokufumanisa ukuba ithala leencwadi elisetyenziswayo alimiselwanga ngokufanelekileyo.
Inzuzo enkulu ngakumbi ibonakala ukuba inkampani yabela inxalenye esisiseko yenkqubo kwiprojekthi eyahlukileyo. Umzekelo, ithala leencwadi ukuxhasa uhlobo oluthile lweprotocol yokutshintshiselana ngedatha. Kule meko, nokuba iprotocol igxininisekile kwindawo yesifundo esinikiweyo, unokwabelana ngeendleko zokugcina le nxalenye yenkqubo kunye nezinye iinkampani ezivela kule ndawo. Ukongeza, iingcali ezinokuthi zifunde esi siqwenga senkqubo kwindawo yoluntu zifuna ixesha elincinci kakhulu lokuyisebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo. Kwaye ekugqibeleni, ukwahlula isiqwenga kwiqumrhu elizimeleyo elisetyenziswa ngabaphuhlisi beqela lesithathu lisivumela ukuba senze le nxalenye ibe ngcono, kuba kufuneka sinikele ngee-APIs ezisebenzayo, senze amaxwebhu, kwaye andithethi malunga nokuphucula ukugubungela uvavanyo.
Inkampani inokufumana inzuzo yezorhwebo ngaphandle kokudala iiprojekthi ezivulekileyo kwanele ukuba iingcali zayo zithathe inxaxheba kwiiprojekthi zeqela lesithathu ezisetyenziswa kwinkampani. Emva kwakho konke, zonke izibonelelo zihleli: abasebenzi bayazi kakuhle iprojekthi, ngoko ke bayisebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo, inkampani inokuphembelela isalathiso sophuhliso lweprojekthi, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwekhowudi esele yenziwe, ekhutshwe ngokucacileyo kunciphisa iindleko zenkampani.
Izibonelelo zokudala iiprojekthi ezivulelekileyo azipheli apho. Masithathe icandelo elibalulekileyo leshishini njengentengiso. Kuye, le yibhokisi yesanti elungileyo kakhulu emvumela ukuba avavanye ngokufanelekileyo iimfuno zemarike.
Kwaye kunjalo, akufuneki silibale ukuba iprojekthi ye-opensource yindlela esebenzayo yokuzibonakalisa njengomthwali walo naluphi na uhlobo. Kwezinye iimeko, le kuphela kwendlela yokungena kwimarike. Ngokomzekelo, i-Embox yaqala njengeprojekthi yokudala i-RTOS. Mhlawumbi akukho mfuneko yokuchaza ukuba kukho abantu abaninzi abakhuphisana nabo. Ngaphandle kokudala uluntu, ngesingenazo izixhobo ezaneleyo zokuzisa iprojekthi kumsebenzisi wokugqibela, oko kukuthi, ukuba abaphuhlisi beqela lesithathu baqalise ukusebenzisa iprojekthi.
Uluntu lungundoqo kwiprojekthi evulelekileyo. Ikuvumela ukuba unciphise kakhulu iindleko zolawulo lweprojekthi, ukuphuhlisa nokuxhasa iprojekthi. Sinokuthi ngaphandle koluntu akukho projekthi yeopensource kwaphela.
Izinto ezininzi zibhaliwe malunga nendlela yokudala nokulawula indawo evulekileyo yeprojekthi yoluntu. Ukuze ungaphindi uxele iinyani ezaziwayo, ndiya kuzama ukugxila kumava e-Embox. Umzekelo, inkqubo yokudala uluntu ngumba onomdla kakhulu. Oko kukuthi, abaninzi baxelela indlela yokulawula uluntu olukhoyo, kodwa amaxesha okudalwa kwawo ngamanye amaxesha awahoywa, kuqwalaselwa oku kunikezelweyo.
Umgaqo oyintloko xa udala uluntu lweprojekthi ye-opensource kukuba akukho mithetho. Ndiyathetha ukuba akukho mithetho yendalo yonke, njengokuba akukho bullet yesilivere, ukuba kuphela ngenxa yokuba iiprojekthi zihluke kakhulu. Akunakwenzeka ukuba usebenzise imithetho efanayo xa usenza uluntu lwelayibrari yokugawulwa kwe-js kunye nomqhubi othile okhethekileyo. Ngaphezu koko, kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo zophuhliso lweprojekthi (kwaye ngoko uluntu), imigaqo iyatshintsha.
I-Embox yaqala njengeprojekthi yabafundi kuba yayinofikelelo kubafundi abasuka kwisebe lenkqubo yeenkqubo. Enyanisweni, sasingena kwenye indawo. Sinokuba nomdla kubathathi-nxaxheba bolu luntu, abafundi, ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwemizi-mveliso kwizakhono zabo ezizodwa, umsebenzi wesayensi kwinkalo yenkqubo yenkqubo, izifundo kunye neediploma. Okokuthi, silandele enye yemigaqo esisiseko yokulungelelanisa uluntu: amalungu oluntu kufuneka afumane into ethile, kwaye eli xabiso kufuneka lihambelane negalelo lomthathi-nxaxheba.
Inqanaba elilandelayo le-Embox yayikukukhangelwa kwabasebenzisi bomntu wesithathu. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda ukuba abasebenzisi bathatha inxaxheba ngokupheleleyo kuluntu oluvulekileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo kukho abasebenzisi abaninzi kunabaphuhlisi. Kwaye ukuze bafune ukuba negalelo kwiprojekthi, baqala baqale ukuyisebenzisa ngendlela enye okanye enye.
Abasebenzisi bokuqala be-Embox yayiliSebe le-Cybernetics yethiyori. Bacebise ukwenza enye i-firmware ye-Lego Mindstorm. Kwaye nangona aba bebesengabasebenzisi basekhaya (besingadibana nabo ngokobuqu sixoxe ngento abayifunayo). Kodwa kwakusengamava amnandi kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, senze iidemos ezinokuboniswa kwabanye, kuba iirobhothi ziyonwabisa kwaye zitsala ingqalelo. Ngenxa yoko, sifumene abasebenzisi beqela lesithathu abaqale ukubuza ukuba yintoni i-Embox kunye nendlela yokuyisebenzisa.
Ngeli nqanaba, kwafuneka sicinge ngamaxwebhu, malunga neendlela zokunxibelelana nabasebenzisi. Hayi, kakade, sasicinga ngezi zinto zibalulekileyo ngaphambili, kodwa kwakungaphambi kwexesha kwaye akuzange kunikeze umphumo omuhle. Isiphumo saba sibi kakhulu. Makhe ndikunike imizekelo embalwa. Sisebenzise i-googlecode, ene-wiki exhasa ukusetyenziswa kweelwimi ezininzi. Senza amaphepha ngeelwimi ezininzi, kungekuphela nje isiNgesi nesiRashiya, apho sasingakwazi ukunxibelelana, kodwa nesiJamani neSpanish. Ngenxa yoko, kubonakala kuhlekisa kakhulu xa ubuzwa ngezi lwimi, kodwa asikwazi ukuphendula kwaphela. Okanye baye bazisa imithetho malunga nokubhala amaxwebhu kunye nokuphawula, kodwa kuba i-API itshintshile rhoqo kwaye ngokubalulekileyo, kuye kwavela ukuba amaxwebhu ethu aphelelwe lixesha kwaye alahlekisayo kunokuba ancede.
Ngenxa yoko, zonke iinzame zethu, nokuba zingalunganga, zakhokelela ekubonakaleni kwabasebenzisi bangaphandle. Kwaye kwavela umthengi wezorhwebo ofuna eyakhe iRTOS iphuhliselwe yena. Kwaye siyiphuhlise kuba sinamava kunye nesiseko. Apha kufuneka uthethe malunga namaxesha amnandi kunye namabi. Ndizakuqala ngezimbi. Ekubeni abaphuhlisi abaninzi babebandakanyeka kule projekthi kwisiseko sorhwebo, uluntu lwalusele lungazinzanga kwaye lwahlulahlulwe, nto leyo ngokuqinisekileyo ayinakuchaphazela uphuhliso lweprojekthi. Into eyongezelelweyo kukuba ulwalathiso lweprojekthi lubekwe ngumthengi omnye wezorhwebo, kwaye injongo yakhe yayingekho ukuphuhliswa okuqhubekayo kweprojekthi. Ubuncinane le yayingeyiyo eyona njongo iphambili.
Kwelinye icala, kwakukho iinkalo ezininzi ezintle. Sinabasebenzisi bomntu wesithathu ngokwenene. Kwakungekho kuphela umthengi, kodwa nakwabo le nkqubo yenzelwe bona. Inkuthazo yokuthatha inxaxheba kule projekthi yandile. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, ukuba unokwenza imali kwishishini elinomdla, lihlala lilungile. Kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, sakuva umnqweno omnye kubathengi, ngelo xesha kwakubonakala ngathi bayaphambana kuthi, kodwa ngoku ngumbono ophambili we-Embox, oko kukuthi, ukusebenzisa ikhowudi esele iphuhlisiwe kwinkqubo. Ngoku umbono ophambili we-Embox kukusebenzisa isoftware yeLinux ngaphandle kweLinux. Oko kukuthi, eyona nkalo ilungileyo inegalelo kuphuhliso olongezelelweyo lweprojekthi yayikukuqonda ukuba iprojekthi isetyenziswa ngabasebenzisi beqela lesithathu, kwaye kufuneka isombulule ezinye zeengxaki zabo.
Ngelo xesha, i-Embox yayisele idlulele ngaphaya komda weprojekthi yabafundi. Eyona nto ingumda ekuphuhlisweni kweprojekthi ngokwemodeli yabafundi yinkuthazo yabathathi-nxaxheba. Abafundi bathatha inxaxheba ngelixa befunda, kwaye xa bephumelele, kufuneka kubekho inkuthazo eyahlukileyo. Ukuba inkuthazo ayibonakali, umfundi uyeka nje ukuthatha inxaxheba kwiprojekthi. Ukuba siqwalasela ukuba abafundi kufuneka baqale baqeqeshwe, kuvela ukuba babe ziingcali ezilungileyo ngexesha lokuphumelela, kodwa igalelo labo kwiprojekthi, ngenxa yokungabi namava, alilikhulu kakhulu.
Ngokubanzi, siqhubela phambili ngokutyibilikayo kwinqaku eliphambili elisivumela ukuba sithethe ngokudala iprojekthi evulekileyo - ukudala imveliso eya kusombulula iingxaki zabasebenzisi bayo. Njengoko ndichaze ngasentla, ipropathi ephambili yeprojekthi yeopensource luluntu lwayo. Ngaphezu koko, amalungu oluntu ikakhulu ngabasebenzisi. Kodwa zivela phi xa kungekho nto zisetyenziswayo? Ngoko kuvela ukuba, njengeprojekthi engekho-opensource, kufuneka ugxininise ekudaleni i-MVP (ubuncinane bemveliso esebenzayo), kwaye ukuba inomdla kubasebenzisi, uluntu luya kubonakala malunga neprojekthi. Ukuba ubandakanyeka ekudaleni uluntu kuphela nge-PR yasekuhlaleni, ukubhala i-wiki ngazo zonke iilwimi zehlabathi, okanye ngokuchanekileyo ukuhamba komsebenzi we-git kwi-github, ke oku akunakufane kwenzeke kumanqanaba okuqala eprojekthi. Ngokuqinisekileyo, kumanqanaba afanelekileyo oku akubalulekanga nje kuphela, kodwa nezinto eziyimfuneko.
Ukuqukumbela ndingathanda ukukhomba , ngokoluvo lwam, ukubonakalisa okulindelwe ngabasebenzisi kwiprojekthi yomthombo ovulekileyo:
Ndicinga nzulu ngokutshintshela kule OS (ubuncinane zama. Bayisukela ngenkuthalo kwaye benza izinto ezipholileyo).
PS Ivuliwe Siya kuba neengxelo ezide zibe ntathu. Enye malunga nomthombo ovulekileyo kunye neembini malunga ne-embedded (kwaye enye iyasebenza). Kwindawo yokuma siya kuqhuba iklasi enkulu kwi-microcontroller yeprogram usebenzisa . Njengesiqhelo, siya kuzisa ihardware kwaye sikuvumele ukuba uyicwangcise. Kuya kubakho kwakhona ukufuna kunye neminye imisebenzi. Yiza kumthendeleko kunye nokuma kwethu, kuya kuba mnandi.
umthombo: www.habr.com