Hayi Habr!
Ngo-2017, ngexesha le-Black Friday, umthwalo wenyuka phantse amaxesha anesiqingatha, kwaye iiseva zethu zazisemdeni wazo. Kulo nyaka, inani labathengi liye lakhula kakhulu, kwaye kwacaca ukuba ngaphandle kokulungiswa kwangaphambili, iqonga linokuthi lingamelani nemithwalo ye-2018.
Sizibekele olona sukelo lunamabhongo lunokubakho: besifuna ukulungela ngokupheleleyo nakuphi na, nkqu nolona lunamandla, ukunyuka kwemisebenzi kwaye saqalisa ukusungula amandla amatsha kwangaphambili unyaka wonke.
I-CTO yethu uAndrey Chizh () uxela indlela esiyilungiselele ngayo i-Black Friday 2018, ngawaphi amanyathelo esiwathathileyo ukuze siphephe ukuwa, kwaye, ngokuqinisekileyo, iziphumo zokulungiswa ngokucophelela.
Namhlanje ndifuna ukuthetha ngamalungiselelo e-Black Friday 2018. Kutheni ngoku, xa uninzi lweentengiso ezinkulu zisemva kwethu? Siqale ukulungiselela malunga nonyaka phambi kwemisitho emikhulu, kwaye ngolingo nangempazamo safumana esona sisombululo. Sicebisa ukuba uthathele ingqalelo amaxesha onyaka ashushu kwangaphambili kwaye uthintele ubuqhophololo obunokuthi buvele ngelona xesha lingafanelekanga.
Izinto eziphathekayo ziya kuba luncedo kuwo wonke umntu ofuna ukukhama inzuzo ephezulu kwiimpahla ezinjalo, kuba Icala lobugcisa lomcimbi alikho ngaphantsi kwicala lokuthengisa apha.
Iimpawu zetrafikhi kwiintengiso ezinkulu
Ngokuchasene nenkolelo ethandwayo, uLwesihlanu omnyama ayisiyiyo nje imini enye ngonyaka, kodwa phantse iveki yonke: isaphulelo sokuqala sinikezela sifika kwiintsuku ezisi-7-8 ngaphambi kokuthengisa. Ukugcwala kwewebhusayithi kuqala ukukhula ngokutyibilikayo kuyo yonke iveki, ifikelela incopho yayo ngolwesiHlanu kwaye yehle kakhulu ngoMgqibelo ukuya kumanqanaba aqhelekileyo evenkile.
Oku kubalulekile ukuqwalasela: iivenkile ze-intanethi ziba novelwano ngakumbi nakuphi na "ukucotha" kwinkqubo. Ukongeza, umgca wethu we-imeyile we-newsletter ufumene ukwanda okukhulu kwinani lokungeniswa.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba sihambe ngolwesihlanu olumnyama ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka, kuba... Owona msebenzi ubalulekileyo wewebhusayithi kunye neeleta zeendaba zevenkile zixhomekeke ekusebenzeni kweqonga, oko kukuthi:
- Ukulandelela kunye nokukhupha iingcebiso zemveliso,
- Ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezinxulumeneyo (umzekelo, imifanekiso yoyilo lweebhloko zokucebisa, ezifana neentolo, iilogo, ii-icon kunye nezinye izinto ezibonakalayo),
- Ukubonelela ngemifanekiso yemveliso yobungakanani obufunekayo (ngezi njongo sine "ImageResizer" - inkqubo engaphantsi ekhuphela umfanekiso kwiseva yevenkile, iwucinezele ukuya kubungakanani obufunekayo kwaye, ngokusebenzisa iiseva ze-caching, ivelisa imifanekiso yobungakanani obufunekayo kwimveliso nganye. ibhloko nganye yengcebiso).
Enyanisweni, ngo-Black Friday 2019, umthwalo kwinkonzo unyuke nge-40%, i.e. inani leziganeko ezilandelwa yinkqubo yeRetail Rocket kunye neenkqubo kwiindawo zokugcina i-intanethi ziye zanda ukusuka kwi-5 ukuya kwi-8 yezicelo zamawaka ngesibini. Ngenxa yesibakala sokuba sasilungiselela imithwalo enzima ngakumbi, sasinda ngokulula ngolo hlobo.
Ukulungiselela ngokubanzi
ULwesihlanu omnyama lixesha elixakekileyo kubo bonke abathengisi kunye ne-e-commerce ngokukodwa. Inani labasebenzisi kunye nomsebenzi wabo ngeli xesha likhula kakhulu, ngoko ke, njengesiqhelo, silungiselele ngokupheleleyo eli xesha lixakekileyo. Masiyongeze apha into yokuba sinezitolo ezininzi ze-intanethi ezixhunyiwe kuphela eRashiya, kodwa naseYurophu, apho ulonwabo luphezulu kakhulu, kwaye sifumana inqanaba lothando olubi ngaphezu kochungechunge lwaseBrazil. Yintoni ekufuneka yenziwe ukuze ilungiselelwe ngokupheleleyo imithwalo eyandisiweyo?
Ukusebenza nabancedisi
Okokuqala, bekuyimfuneko ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni kanye kanye esiyifunayo ukunyusa amandla omncedisi. Sele ngo-Agasti, saqala uku-odola amaseva amatsha ngokukodwa kwi-Black Friday - iyonke songeze oomatshini abali-10 abongezelelweyo. NgoNovemba ayesele engumlo ngokupheleleyo.
Kwangaxeshanye, abanye oomatshini bokwakha baphinde bafakwa ukuze basetyenziswe njengeeseva zeSicelo. Ngokukhawuleza sabalungiselela ukuba basebenzise imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo: zombini ngokukhupha iingcebiso kunye nenkonzo ye-ImageResizer, ukuze, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lomthwalo, nganye kuzo ingasetyenziselwa enye yale misebenzi. Kwimowudi eqhelekileyo, iiseva zeSicelo kunye ne-ImageResizer zichaze ngokucacileyo imisebenzi: iziphakamiso zokukhutshwa kwangaphambili, imifanekiso yokugqibela yokubonelela ngeeleta kunye neebhloko zokucebisa kwiiwebhusayithi zokuthenga kwi-intanethi. Ukulungiselela uLwesihlanu oMnyama, kwagqitywa ukuba kwenziwe zonke iiseva ezineenjongo ezimbini ukwenzela ukulungelelanisa i-traffic phakathi kwabo ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lokukhuphela.
Emva koko songeze iiseva ezimbini ezinkulu ze-Kafka (i-Apache Kafka) kwaye sifumene i-cluster ye-5 imishini enamandla. Ngelishwa, yonke into ayizange ihambe kakuhle njengoko singathanda: ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvumelanisa idatha, oomatshini abatsha ababini bathatha ububanzi bejelo lothungelwano, kwaye kwafuneka sicinge ngokukhawuleza ukuba singayenza njani inkqubo yokongeza ngokukhawuleza nangokukhuselekileyo. Iziseko zophuhliso ezipheleleyo. Ukucombulula lo mba, abalawuli bethu kuye kwafuneka bancame ngeempelaveki zabo ngenkalipho.
Ukusebenza ngedatha
Ukongeza kwiiseva, sagqiba ekubeni silungiselele iifayile zokunciphisa umthwalo kwaye inyathelo elikhulu kuthi kukuguqulelwa kweefayile ezimileyo. Zonke iifayile ezingatshintshiyo ebezibanjwe ngaphambili kwiiseva ziye zasiwa kwi-S3 + Cloudfront. Sifuna ukwenza oku ixesha elide, ekubeni umthwalo kumncedisi wawusondele kumaxabiso alinganiselwe, kwaye ngoku kuye kwavela ithuba elikhulu.
Kwiveki engaphambi koLwesihlanu oMnyama, sonyuse ixesha lokugcinwa komfanekiso ukuya kwiintsuku ezi-3, ukuze ukuba i-ImageResizer ingqubene, imifanekiso ebigcinwe ngaphambili ibinokufunyanwa kwi-cdn. Ikwacuthe umthwalo kwiiseva zethu, kuba ixesha elide lomfanekiso ugcinwa, kokukhona kufuneka sichithe izixhobo ekwenziweni kohlengahlengiso.
Kwaye okokugqibela kodwa kuncinci: iintsuku ezi-5 ngaphambi koLwesihlanu oMnyama, kwabhengezwa ukumiswa kokuthunyelwa kwayo nayiphi na into entsha yokusebenza, kunye nakuwuphi na umsebenzi kunye neziseko zophuhliso - yonke ingqalelo ijolise ekujonganeni nokwanda kwemithwalo.
Izicwangciso zokusabela kwiimeko ezinzima
Kungakhathaliseki ukuba ukulungiswa kuphezulu kangakanani, i-fakaps isoloko inokwenzeka. Kwaye siphuhlise izicwangciso ezi-3 zokuphendula kwiimeko ezinzima ezinokwenzeka:
- ukunciphisa umthwalo,
- ukuvala ezinye iinkonzo,
- Ukuvalwa ngokupheleleyo kwenkonzo.
Isicwangciso A: Nciphisa umthwalo. Bekufanele ukuba yenziwe ukuba, ngenxa yokunyuka komthwalo, iiseva zethu ziye ngaphaya kwexesha elamkelekileyo lokuphendula. Kule meko, silungiselele iindlela zokunciphisa ngokuthe ngcembe umthwalo ngokuguqula inxalenye yetrafikhi kwiiseva ze-Amazon, eziza kuphendula ngokulula kuzo zonke izicelo nge "200 OK" kwaye unike impendulo engenanto. Saqonda ukuba oku kukuthotywa komgangatho wenkonzo, kodwa ukhetho phakathi kwento yokuba inkonzo ayisebenzi kwaphela okanye ayibonisi ngcebiso malunga ne-10% yetrafikhi iyabonakala.
Isicwangciso B: Khubaza iinkonzo. Oku kuthetha ukuthotywa kwenkonzo. Ngokomzekelo, ukunciphisa isantya sokubala iingcebiso zomntu ukwenzela ukukhulula ezinye iinkcukacha zolwazi kunye namajelo onxibelelwano. Kwimodi eqhelekileyo, iingcebiso zibalwa ngexesha langempela, ukudala inguqu eyahlukileyo yevenkile ye-intanethi kwisivakashi ngasinye, kodwa phantsi kweemeko zokunyuka komthwalo, ukunciphisa isantya kuvumela ezinye iinkonzo eziphambili ukuba ziqhubeke nokusebenza.
Isicwangciso C: kwimeko yeArmagedon. Ukuba ukusilela kwenkqubo ngokupheleleyo kwenzeka, silungiselele isicwangciso esiya kusivumela ukuba siqhawulwe ngokukhuselekileyo kubathengi bethu. Abathengi bevenkile bayakuyeka ukubona iingcebiso; ukusebenza kwevenkile ye-intanethi akuyi kubandezeleka nangayiphi na indlela. Ukwenza oku, kuya kufuneka simisele ngokutsha ifayile yethu yokudibanisa ukuze abasebenzisi abatsha bayeke ukusebenzisana nenkonzo. Oko kukuthi, siya kukhubaza ikhowudi yethu yokulandelela ephambili, inkonzo iya kuyeka ukuqokelela idatha kunye nokubala iingcebiso, kwaye umsebenzisi uya kubona nje iphepha ngaphandle kweebhloko zokucebisa. Kubo bonke abaye bafumana ifayile yokudibanisa ngaphambili, sinikeze ukhetho lokutshintsha irekhodi ye-DNS kwi-Amazon kunye ne-200 OK stub.
Iziphumo
Sawusingatha wonke umthwalo nangaphandle kwemfuneko yokusebenzisa oomatshini bokwakha abongezelelweyo. Kwaye sibulela ukulungiselela kwangaphambili, asizange sifune naziphi na izicwangciso zokuphendula eziphuhlisiweyo. Kodwa wonke umsebenzi owenziweyo ngamava axabiseke kakhulu aya kusinceda ukuba simelane nezona ngxilimbela zingalindelekanga nezinkulu.
Njengoko kwi-2017, umthwalo wenkonzo unyuke nge-40%, kwaye inani labasebenzisi kwiivenkile ze-intanethi landa ngo-60% kwi-Black Friday. Bonke ubunzima kunye neempazamo zenzeke ngexesha lokulungiselela, elisisindise thina kunye nabathengi bethu kwiimeko ezingalindelekanga.
Uhlangabezana njani neBlack Friday? Uyilungiselela njani imithwalo ebalulekileyo?
umthombo: www.habr.com